氮磷钾配施对红芸豆养分吸收、干物质积累及产量构成因子的影响
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摘要
研究氮磷钾配施对红芸豆养分吸收、干物质积累及产量构成因子的影响,可为红芸豆合理施肥和高效生产提供理论依据。以英国红红芸豆为试材,设置氮磷钾缺素处理的大田肥料试验,采用全生育期采集植株样本,测定养分含量、干物质积累和产量构成因子。结果表明,氮、磷、钾配施对红芸豆具有显著增产作用,产量构成因子中百粒质量对产量的形成影响最大;影响产量的养分限制因子大小为氮>磷>钾。各器官中含氮量依次为豆荚>叶>籽粒>茎>根>荚皮,含磷量依次为豆荚>籽粒>叶>茎>根>荚皮,含钾量依次为豆荚>荚皮>茎>籽粒>叶>根;根、茎、叶这3个器官氮含量在R8的回升可能与氮在成熟期的回流有关。红芸豆植株在整个生育期氮、磷、钾积累量均呈增加趋势,积累量分别达到161. 15,38. 27,126. 70 kg/hm2,比例为4. 21∶1. 00∶3. 31;氮积累量的顶点出现在初花到盛花期,而磷、钾出现在盛花到结荚期。红芸豆生育前期营养器官是干物质积累分配中心,其干物质占总量比例达到72. 22%,生育后期生殖器官是干物质积累分配中心,其干物质占总量比例达到70. 26%;整个生育期干物质积累速率呈抛物线形状,盛花到结荚期达到积累高峰,单株积累量达0. 952 g/d;各器官积累速率的高峰不同,根系和叶片在初花期,茎秆和豆荚在盛花期,荚皮和籽粒在结荚期。红芸豆干物质积累量与氮积累量之间的相关系数在结荚期到成熟期分别达到0. 95和0. 96,且呈极显著水平(P <0. 01);磷积累量与干物质积累量之间在结荚期为0. 93,且呈极显著水平(P <0. 01);钾积累量与干物质积累量之间的相关性没有达到显著水平;红芸豆干物质积累量与养分积累量具有相关性,氮积累量与干物质积累量之间的相关系数在结荚期到成熟期分别为0. 95和0. 96,且呈极显著水平(P <0. 01);磷积累量与干物质积累量之间的相关系数在结荚期为0. 93,且呈极显著水平(P <0. 01);钾积累量与干物质积累量之间的相关性没有达到显著水平;红芸豆每荚粒数与干物质积累量的相关系数在初花期为0. 95,且达到极显著水平(P <0. 01),百粒质量与干物质积累量在结荚期的相关系数为0. 94,且呈极显著水平(P <0. 01),产量与干物质积累量的相关系数在盛花期为0. 86,且达到显著水平(P <0. 05),在结荚期为0. 98,达到极显著水平(P <0. 01),生殖生长阶段的干物质积累量是影响产量的关键因素。
Study on effect of NPK fertilizers on nutrient uptake and dry-matter accumulation and yield components of red kidney beans,which could provide the theoretical basis for rational fertilization and efficient production of red kidney bean. This experiment was based on the Yingguohong red kidney bean as materials,field fertilizer experiment with nitrogen( N),phosphorus( P) and potassium( K) nutrient deficiency,collecting plant samples at full growth stage,measuring nutrient content,dry matter accumulation and yield constitute factor data. The results showed that the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had significant effect on the yield of red kidneybeans. In the yield component factor,100 grain weight had the greatest influence on the yield formation. Nutrient limiting factors affecting yield was N > P > K. It could be seen from the unit content of N,P and K,N fertilizer had the greatest influence on the leaves,P fertilizer had the greatest influence on grain,K fertilizer had the greatest influence on the stem and pod skin. There was a clear reflux phenomenon in the mature period of N fertilizer. The accumulation amounts of red kidney bean plants during the whole growth period of N,P and K increase,the accumulation amount reached 161. 15,38. 27,126. 70 kg/ha,the ratio was 4. 21 ∶ 1. 00 ∶ 3. 31. The apex of N accumulation occured from early flowering period to full bloom stage,P and K appear from full bloom stage to pod bearing stage. The vegetative organ was the distribution center of dry matter accumulation on front stage of growth,dry matter accounted for 72. 22% of the total. The reproduction organ was the distribution center of dry matter. Accumulation on later stage of growth,dry matter accounts for 70. 26% of the total. The accumulation rate of dry matter was in the shape of a parabolic line on all growth period,from full bloom stage to pod bearing stage reached its peak.The accumulation of single plant was 0. 952 g/d. The peak of the accumulating rate of each organ was different,root and leaf in early flowering stage,stem and pods in the full bloom stage,pod and grain in the pod bearing stage. The correlation coefficient between nitrogen accumulation and drymatter accumulation was 0. 95 and 0. 96 on pod bearing stage and mature stage,the performance was extremely remarkable. The correlation coefficient between phosphorus accumulation and drymatter accumulation was 0. 93 on pod bearing stage,the performance was extremely remarkable. The correlation between potassium accumulation and drymatter accumulation was not remarkable.The correlation coefficient between pod number and drymatter accumulation of red kidney bean on early flowering stage was 0. 95,the performance was extremely remarkable. The correlation coefficient between 100-grain weight and dry matter accumulation on pod bearing stage was 0. 94,the performance was extremely remarkable. The correlation coefficient between yield and dry matter accumulation on full-bloom stage was 0. 86,and the performance was remarkable. On pod bearing stage was 0. 98,and the performance was extremely remarkable. The dry matter accumulation in the reproductive growth stage was the key factor affecting the yield results.
Study on effect of NPK fertilizers on nutrient uptake and dry-matter accumulation and yield components of red kidney beans,which could provide the theoretical basis for rational fertilization and efficient production of red kidney bean. This experiment was based on the Yingguohong red kidney bean as materials,field fertilizer experiment with nitrogen( N),phosphorus( P) and potassium( K) nutrient deficiency,collecting plant samples at full growth stage,measuring nutrient content,dry matter accumulation and yield constitute factor data. The results showed that the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had significant effect on the yield of red kidneybeans. In the yield component factor,100 grain weight had the greatest influence on the yield formation. Nutrient limiting factors affecting yield was N > P > K. It could be seen from the unit content of N,P and K,N fertilizer had the greatest influence on the leaves,P fertilizer had the greatest influence on grain,K fertilizer had the greatest influence on the stem and pod skin. There was a clear reflux phenomenon in the mature period of N fertilizer. The accumulation amounts of red kidney bean plants during the whole growth period of N,P and K increase,the accumulation amount reached 161. 15,38. 27,126. 70 kg/ha,the ratio was 4. 21 ∶ 1. 00 ∶ 3. 31. The apex of N accumulation occured from early flowering period to full bloom stage,P and K appear from full bloom stage to pod bearing stage. The vegetative organ was the distribution center of dry matter accumulation on front stage of growth,dry matter accounted for 72. 22% of the total. The reproduction organ was the distribution center of dry matter. Accumulation on later stage of growth,dry matter accounts for 70. 26% of the total. The accumulation rate of dry matter was in the shape of a parabolic line on all growth period,from full bloom stage to pod bearing stage reached its peak.The accumulation of single plant was 0. 952 g/d. The peak of the accumulating rate of each organ was different,root and leaf in early flowering stage,stem and pods in the full bloom stage,pod and grain in the pod bearing stage. The correlation coefficient between nitrogen accumulation and drymatter accumulation was 0. 95 and 0. 96 on pod bearing stage and mature stage,the performance was extremely remarkable. The correlation coefficient between phosphorus accumulation and drymatter accumulation was 0. 93 on pod bearing stage,the performance was extremely remarkable. The correlation between potassium accumulation and drymatter accumulation was not remarkable.The correlation coefficient between pod number and drymatter accumulation of red kidney bean on early flowering stage was 0. 95,the performance was extremely remarkable. The correlation coefficient between 100-grain weight and dry matter accumulation on pod bearing stage was 0. 94,the performance was extremely remarkable. The correlation coefficient between yield and dry matter accumulation on full-bloom stage was 0. 86,and the performance was remarkable. On pod bearing stage was 0. 98,and the performance was extremely remarkable. The dry matter accumulation in the reproductive growth stage was the key factor affecting the yield results.
引文
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[5]韩彦龙,晋凡生,郑普山,等.红芸豆养分限制因子及养分吸收、积累和分配特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(7):902-909.
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[8]曾玲玲,崔秀辉,李清泉,等.氮磷钾配施对芸豆产量的效应研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013(2):39-43.
[9]畅建武,郝晓鹏,王燕,等.红芸豆氮磷钾肥效试验研究[J].中国农学通报, 2015, 31(15):108-113.
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[11]韩彦龙,晋凡生,李晓平,等.干旱冷凉区红芸豆施肥效应与养分吸收研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(15):73-78.
[12]李洁,晋凡生,李晓平,等.施肥和覆膜对旱地垄沟种植红芸豆耗水特征及产量效应的研究[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(13):19-23.
[13]孟宪欣.磷肥对芸豆几个品质性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(24):183-187.
[14]杨亮,赵宏伟,宋谨同.氮肥用量对芸豆叶绿素含量和子粒营养品质影响的研究[J].作物杂志,2013(1):81-87.
[15]晋凡生,韩彦龙.氮磷钾配比对红芸豆光合特性及产量相关性状的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(8):1295-1230.
[16]华劲松,戴红燕,夏明忠.不同光照强度对芸豆光合特性及产量性状的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(2):136-140.
[17]杨广东,张亚芝,魏淑红.种植密度对粒用芸豆的产量及商品品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(12):24-26.
[18]张晓艳.种植密度对芸豆产量和品质的影响研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2004.
[19]程丽娟,杨锦忠,杜天庆,等.种植密度对粒用芸豆品质的影响研究[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,29(2):129-131,142.
[20]闫春娟,韩晓增,王树起,等.钾对大豆干物质积累、产量及品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(1):113-117.
[21]徐本生,籍玉尘,杨建堂.夏大豆的干物质积累和氮磷钾吸收分配动态的研究[J].大豆科学,1989,8(1):47-53.
[22]王景伟,金喜军,杜文言,等.干旱胁迫对芸豆籽粒干物质积累的影响及动态模型的建立[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(2):147-150.
[23]李春杰,王建国,许艳丽,等.钾对大豆产量及品质的影响[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2005,21(2):154-160.
[24]刘建国,帕尼古丽,董志新,等.单位叶面积负荷量对大豆源库调节效应的研究[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2003,7(4):260-263.
[25]黄中文,王伟,徐新娟,等.大豆动态株高及其生长速率与产量的相关分析[J].河南科技学院学报,2010,38(2):16-19.
[26]许海涛,王友华,许波,等.氮磷钾优化施肥对高蛋白大豆籽粒及蛋白质产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(1):195-196.
[2]龙静宜.食用豆类作物[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[3]郑卓杰.中国食用豆类学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[4]宋谨同,赵宏伟.氮肥用量对芸豆淀粉含量及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2010(5):76-78.
[5]韩彦龙,晋凡生,郑普山,等.红芸豆养分限制因子及养分吸收、积累和分配特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(7):902-909.
[6]乔秀平.不同施氮水平对芸豆产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(7):694-696,703.
[7]宋谨同,赵宏伟,杨亮,等.氮肥用量对芸豆氮肥利用率和产量影响的研究[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(6):749-753.
[8]曾玲玲,崔秀辉,李清泉,等.氮磷钾配施对芸豆产量的效应研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013(2):39-43.
[9]畅建武,郝晓鹏,王燕,等.红芸豆氮磷钾肥效试验研究[J].中国农学通报, 2015, 31(15):108-113.
[10]高运青,徐东旭,尚启兵,等.华北高寒区施肥量对芸豆产量和经济效益的影响[J].河北农业科学,2012,16(8):28-30.
[11]韩彦龙,晋凡生,李晓平,等.干旱冷凉区红芸豆施肥效应与养分吸收研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(15):73-78.
[12]李洁,晋凡生,李晓平,等.施肥和覆膜对旱地垄沟种植红芸豆耗水特征及产量效应的研究[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(13):19-23.
[13]孟宪欣.磷肥对芸豆几个品质性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(24):183-187.
[14]杨亮,赵宏伟,宋谨同.氮肥用量对芸豆叶绿素含量和子粒营养品质影响的研究[J].作物杂志,2013(1):81-87.
[15]晋凡生,韩彦龙.氮磷钾配比对红芸豆光合特性及产量相关性状的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(8):1295-1230.
[16]华劲松,戴红燕,夏明忠.不同光照强度对芸豆光合特性及产量性状的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(2):136-140.
[17]杨广东,张亚芝,魏淑红.种植密度对粒用芸豆的产量及商品品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(12):24-26.
[18]张晓艳.种植密度对芸豆产量和品质的影响研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2004.
[19]程丽娟,杨锦忠,杜天庆,等.种植密度对粒用芸豆品质的影响研究[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,29(2):129-131,142.
[20]闫春娟,韩晓增,王树起,等.钾对大豆干物质积累、产量及品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(1):113-117.
[21]徐本生,籍玉尘,杨建堂.夏大豆的干物质积累和氮磷钾吸收分配动态的研究[J].大豆科学,1989,8(1):47-53.
[22]王景伟,金喜军,杜文言,等.干旱胁迫对芸豆籽粒干物质积累的影响及动态模型的建立[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(2):147-150.
[23]李春杰,王建国,许艳丽,等.钾对大豆产量及品质的影响[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2005,21(2):154-160.
[24]刘建国,帕尼古丽,董志新,等.单位叶面积负荷量对大豆源库调节效应的研究[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2003,7(4):260-263.
[25]黄中文,王伟,徐新娟,等.大豆动态株高及其生长速率与产量的相关分析[J].河南科技学院学报,2010,38(2):16-19.
[26]许海涛,王友华,许波,等.氮磷钾优化施肥对高蛋白大豆籽粒及蛋白质产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(1):195-196.