渗透反应墙技术处理铀尾矿库渗漏水的研究现状
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摘要
铀尾矿库渗漏已造成严重的环境辐射问题。为保护铀尾矿库区地下水资源及其生态环境,迫切需要一种低价有效的方法对库区地下水放射性污染进行治理。渗透反应墙技术是用于原位治理污染地下水中污染组分的一种高效技术。介绍了铀尾矿库区地下水铀污染的几种主要修复技术,渗透反应墙的基本原理,结构类型及设计安装,分析了零价铁反应材料去除铀的作用机理,综述了当前国内外渗透反应墙技术治理铀矿山及尾矿库区地下水铀污染的实际工程应用情况,最后指出该技术当前存在的问题,并提出相应的研究展望。
Uranium tailings seepage posed a serious environmental problem by radiation. To protect groundwater resources and ecological environment,in-situ remediation on the groundwater with radionuclides and heavy metals pollution is very urgent.The permeable reactive barrier is a high efficient technology on groundwater in situ treatment. This paper summarizes several remediation technologies of uranium-contaminated groundwater. The basic principles,structure types,design and installation of the permeable reactive barrier are introduced briefly. Then the reactive materials of Fe0 and its remediation mechanism are described. At the same time,the practical project application about uranium-contaminated groundwater in China and abroad of the PRB technology is reviewed. At last,the existing problems of PRB technology are pointed out,as well as the corresponding research prospects.
Uranium tailings seepage posed a serious environmental problem by radiation. To protect groundwater resources and ecological environment,in-situ remediation on the groundwater with radionuclides and heavy metals pollution is very urgent.The permeable reactive barrier is a high efficient technology on groundwater in situ treatment. This paper summarizes several remediation technologies of uranium-contaminated groundwater. The basic principles,structure types,design and installation of the permeable reactive barrier are introduced briefly. Then the reactive materials of Fe0 and its remediation mechanism are described. At the same time,the practical project application about uranium-contaminated groundwater in China and abroad of the PRB technology is reviewed. At last,the existing problems of PRB technology are pointed out,as well as the corresponding research prospects.
引文
[1]王志章,铀尾矿库的退役环境治理[J].铀矿冶,2003,22(2):95-99.
[2]吕俊文,杨勇.我国西南某铀矿水冶尾矿库的退役治理[J].金属矿山,2003(7):83-86.
[3]刘娟,李红春,王津,等.华南某铀矿开采利用对地表水环境质量的影响[J].环境化学,2012,31(7):981-989.
[4]谢玲琳,申志军.放射性元素和毒性重金属污染土壤的治理探讨:以湖南雄磺矿和七一五铀矿为例[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2006,17(2):41-44.
[5]王焰新.地下水污染与防治[M].武汉:中国地质出版社,2002:363-383.
[6]Guerin T F,Mcgoverm T,Horner S.A funnel and gate system for remediation of dissovlved phase petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater[J].Land Contam Reclam,2001,9(2):209-224.
[7]杜连柱,张兰英,王立东,等.PRB技术对地下水中重金属离子的处理研究[J].环境污染与防治,2007,2(8):578-582.
[8]唐次来,张增强,王珍.基于Fe0的PRB去除地下水中硝酸盐的模拟研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(11):2429-2436.
[9]Guerin T F,McG overm T,Horner S.A funnel and gate system for remediation of dissovlved phase petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater[J].Land Contam Reclam,2001,9(2):209-224.
[10]孙占学,刘媛媛,马文洁,等.铀矿区地下水及其生态安全研究进展[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):158-167.
[11]江浩,彭宇.地下水资源污染治理方法研究[J].化学工程与设备,2010(1):183-184,163.
[12]张文静,董维红,苏小四,等.地下水污染修复技术综合评价[J].水资源保护,2006,22(5):1-4.
[13]Wm Paul Robinso.Groundwater restoration long beyond closure at the homestake milan and united nuclear church rock uranium mill tailings piles,New Mexico,USA:full-scale programs requiring more than 20 years of active treatment[C]∥Proceedings of the International Conference and Workshop Freiberg,Germany,Kolin:Verlag Sven von Loga,1998.
[14]蔡璇,刘燕,张云,等.核事故产生的放射性废水处理方法研究进展[J].化学通报,2012,6(75):483-488.
[15]Lovley D R,Phillips E J P,Gorby Y,et al.Microbial reduction of uranium[J].Nature,1991,350:413-415.
[16]USEPA.Permeable Reactive Barrier Technologies for Contaminant Remediation[R].EPA/600/R-98/125,1998.
[17]王伟宁,许光良,史红伟,等.PRB修复地下水污染的研究综述[J].能源环境保护,2006,3(23):9-13.
[18]Richard T W,Steven D A,Douglas G B,et al.Field Application of a Permeable Reactive Barrier for Treatment of Arsenic in Ground Water[R].EPA/600/R-08/093,2008:1-81.
[19]刘翔,唐翠梅,陆兆华,等.零价铁PRB技术在地下水原位修复中的研究进展[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(12):1309-1315.
[20]Lee D R,Smyth D A,Shikaze S G,et al.Wall and Curtain for Passive Collection/Treatment of Contaminant Plumes[EB/OL].Washington DC:USEPA RTDF.2001[2013-06-25].
[21]Jeen S W,Gillham R W,Przepiora A.Predictions of long-term performance of granular iron permeable reactive barriers:fieldscale evaluation[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2011,123(1/2):50-64.
[22]Lee R D,Smyth J A.Wall-and-curtain for passive collection/treatment of contaminant plumes[M].Columbus:Battelle Press,1998.
[23]Ajefferis S,Norris G H,Thomas A O.Developments in permeable and low permeability barriers[EB/OL].Washington DC:US EPA RTDF.2001[2013-06-25].
[24]廖梓龙,魏永富,郭中小,等.可渗透反应栅(墙)技术综述[J].水资源保护,2012,28(6):70-74,80.
[25]陈仲如,张澄博,李洪艺,等.可渗透反应墙的结构与设计研究[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(4):56-61.
[26]Arun R,Gavaskar.Design and construction techniques for permeable reactive barriers[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1999,68(1):41-71.
[27]Mallants D,Diels L,Bastiaens L,et al.Removal of uranium and arsenic from groundwater using six different reactive materials:assessment of removal efficiency[M]∥Merkel B J,PlanerFriedrich B,Wolkersdorfer C.Uranium in the Aquatic Environment.Berlin:Springer,2002:561-568.
[28]Morrison S J,Metzler D R,Dwyer B P.Removal of As,Mn,Mo,Se,U,V and Zn from groundwater by zero-valent iron in a passive treatment cell:Reaction progress modeling[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2002,56(1/2):99-116.
[29]Cantrell K J,Kaplan D I,Wietsma T W.Zero-valent iron for the in situ remediation of selected metals in groundwater[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1995,42(2):201-212.
[30]Gu B,Liang L,Dickey M J,et al.Reductive precipitation of uranium(Ⅳ)by zero-valent iron[J].Environ Sci Technol,1998,32(21):3366-3373.
[31]Noubactep C,Meinrath G,Merkel B J.Investigating the mechanism of uranium removal by zero-valent iron[J].Environmental Chemistry,2005,2(3):235-242.
[32]Fiedor J N,Bostick W D,Jarabek R J,et al.Understanding the mechanism of uranium removal from groundwater by zero-valent iron using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy[J].Environ Sci Technol,1998,32(10):1466-1473.
[33]Roehl K E,Czurda K,Meggyes T,et al.Long-term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers[M].New York:Elsevier,2005.
[34]Naftz D L,Morrison S J,Davis J A,et al.Hand-Book of Groundwater Remediation Using Permeable Reactive Barriers:Applications to Radionuclides,Trace Metals,and Nutrients[M].Amsterdam:Academic Press,2002:435-463.
[35]Groudev S,Geprgiev P,Spasova I,et al.Cleanup of acid mine drainage by means of a pilot-scale passive system,Annu.Univ Min Geol St Ivan Rilski Part 1[J].Geol Geophys,2005,48:217-220.
[36]Simon F G,Biermann V.Groundwater Remediation Using Permeable Reactive Barriers[M]//Meggyes T.Sustainable Environmental Protection.Berlin:Bundesanstalt fur,2007:14-19.
[37]徐乐昌,周星火,詹旺生,等.某铀尾矿堆污染地下水的渗透反应墙修复初探[J].铀矿冶,2006,25(3):153-157.
[38]Morrison S J,Mushovic P S,Niesen P L.Early breakthrough of molybdenum and uranium in a permeable reactive barrier[J].Environ Sci Technol,2006,40(6):2018-2024.
[39]Nooten T,Diels L,Bastiaens L.Microbially mediated clinoptilolite regeneration in a multifunctional permeable reactive barrier used to remove ammonium from landfill leachate contamination:laboratory column evaluation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(9):3486-3492.
[40]狄军贞,戴男男,江富,等.强化垂直流可渗透反应墙处理渗滤液污染物[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(3):1033-1037.
[2]吕俊文,杨勇.我国西南某铀矿水冶尾矿库的退役治理[J].金属矿山,2003(7):83-86.
[3]刘娟,李红春,王津,等.华南某铀矿开采利用对地表水环境质量的影响[J].环境化学,2012,31(7):981-989.
[4]谢玲琳,申志军.放射性元素和毒性重金属污染土壤的治理探讨:以湖南雄磺矿和七一五铀矿为例[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2006,17(2):41-44.
[5]王焰新.地下水污染与防治[M].武汉:中国地质出版社,2002:363-383.
[6]Guerin T F,Mcgoverm T,Horner S.A funnel and gate system for remediation of dissovlved phase petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater[J].Land Contam Reclam,2001,9(2):209-224.
[7]杜连柱,张兰英,王立东,等.PRB技术对地下水中重金属离子的处理研究[J].环境污染与防治,2007,2(8):578-582.
[8]唐次来,张增强,王珍.基于Fe0的PRB去除地下水中硝酸盐的模拟研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(11):2429-2436.
[9]Guerin T F,McG overm T,Horner S.A funnel and gate system for remediation of dissovlved phase petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater[J].Land Contam Reclam,2001,9(2):209-224.
[10]孙占学,刘媛媛,马文洁,等.铀矿区地下水及其生态安全研究进展[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):158-167.
[11]江浩,彭宇.地下水资源污染治理方法研究[J].化学工程与设备,2010(1):183-184,163.
[12]张文静,董维红,苏小四,等.地下水污染修复技术综合评价[J].水资源保护,2006,22(5):1-4.
[13]Wm Paul Robinso.Groundwater restoration long beyond closure at the homestake milan and united nuclear church rock uranium mill tailings piles,New Mexico,USA:full-scale programs requiring more than 20 years of active treatment[C]∥Proceedings of the International Conference and Workshop Freiberg,Germany,Kolin:Verlag Sven von Loga,1998.
[14]蔡璇,刘燕,张云,等.核事故产生的放射性废水处理方法研究进展[J].化学通报,2012,6(75):483-488.
[15]Lovley D R,Phillips E J P,Gorby Y,et al.Microbial reduction of uranium[J].Nature,1991,350:413-415.
[16]USEPA.Permeable Reactive Barrier Technologies for Contaminant Remediation[R].EPA/600/R-98/125,1998.
[17]王伟宁,许光良,史红伟,等.PRB修复地下水污染的研究综述[J].能源环境保护,2006,3(23):9-13.
[18]Richard T W,Steven D A,Douglas G B,et al.Field Application of a Permeable Reactive Barrier for Treatment of Arsenic in Ground Water[R].EPA/600/R-08/093,2008:1-81.
[19]刘翔,唐翠梅,陆兆华,等.零价铁PRB技术在地下水原位修复中的研究进展[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(12):1309-1315.
[20]Lee D R,Smyth D A,Shikaze S G,et al.Wall and Curtain for Passive Collection/Treatment of Contaminant Plumes[EB/OL].Washington DC:USEPA RTDF.2001[2013-06-25].
[21]Jeen S W,Gillham R W,Przepiora A.Predictions of long-term performance of granular iron permeable reactive barriers:fieldscale evaluation[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2011,123(1/2):50-64.
[22]Lee R D,Smyth J A.Wall-and-curtain for passive collection/treatment of contaminant plumes[M].Columbus:Battelle Press,1998.
[23]Ajefferis S,Norris G H,Thomas A O.Developments in permeable and low permeability barriers[EB/OL].Washington DC:US EPA RTDF.2001[2013-06-25].
[24]廖梓龙,魏永富,郭中小,等.可渗透反应栅(墙)技术综述[J].水资源保护,2012,28(6):70-74,80.
[25]陈仲如,张澄博,李洪艺,等.可渗透反应墙的结构与设计研究[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(4):56-61.
[26]Arun R,Gavaskar.Design and construction techniques for permeable reactive barriers[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1999,68(1):41-71.
[27]Mallants D,Diels L,Bastiaens L,et al.Removal of uranium and arsenic from groundwater using six different reactive materials:assessment of removal efficiency[M]∥Merkel B J,PlanerFriedrich B,Wolkersdorfer C.Uranium in the Aquatic Environment.Berlin:Springer,2002:561-568.
[28]Morrison S J,Metzler D R,Dwyer B P.Removal of As,Mn,Mo,Se,U,V and Zn from groundwater by zero-valent iron in a passive treatment cell:Reaction progress modeling[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2002,56(1/2):99-116.
[29]Cantrell K J,Kaplan D I,Wietsma T W.Zero-valent iron for the in situ remediation of selected metals in groundwater[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1995,42(2):201-212.
[30]Gu B,Liang L,Dickey M J,et al.Reductive precipitation of uranium(Ⅳ)by zero-valent iron[J].Environ Sci Technol,1998,32(21):3366-3373.
[31]Noubactep C,Meinrath G,Merkel B J.Investigating the mechanism of uranium removal by zero-valent iron[J].Environmental Chemistry,2005,2(3):235-242.
[32]Fiedor J N,Bostick W D,Jarabek R J,et al.Understanding the mechanism of uranium removal from groundwater by zero-valent iron using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy[J].Environ Sci Technol,1998,32(10):1466-1473.
[33]Roehl K E,Czurda K,Meggyes T,et al.Long-term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers[M].New York:Elsevier,2005.
[34]Naftz D L,Morrison S J,Davis J A,et al.Hand-Book of Groundwater Remediation Using Permeable Reactive Barriers:Applications to Radionuclides,Trace Metals,and Nutrients[M].Amsterdam:Academic Press,2002:435-463.
[35]Groudev S,Geprgiev P,Spasova I,et al.Cleanup of acid mine drainage by means of a pilot-scale passive system,Annu.Univ Min Geol St Ivan Rilski Part 1[J].Geol Geophys,2005,48:217-220.
[36]Simon F G,Biermann V.Groundwater Remediation Using Permeable Reactive Barriers[M]//Meggyes T.Sustainable Environmental Protection.Berlin:Bundesanstalt fur,2007:14-19.
[37]徐乐昌,周星火,詹旺生,等.某铀尾矿堆污染地下水的渗透反应墙修复初探[J].铀矿冶,2006,25(3):153-157.
[38]Morrison S J,Mushovic P S,Niesen P L.Early breakthrough of molybdenum and uranium in a permeable reactive barrier[J].Environ Sci Technol,2006,40(6):2018-2024.
[39]Nooten T,Diels L,Bastiaens L.Microbially mediated clinoptilolite regeneration in a multifunctional permeable reactive barrier used to remove ammonium from landfill leachate contamination:laboratory column evaluation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(9):3486-3492.
[40]狄军贞,戴男男,江富,等.强化垂直流可渗透反应墙处理渗滤液污染物[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(3):1033-1037.