BIF型磁铁矿石冲击破碎特性的能量效应
|
摘要
为研究能量对条带硅铁建造(BIF型)磁铁矿石冲击破碎特性的影响规律,采用导杆式落锤冲击试验系统,对BIF型磁铁矿石进行直接冲击破碎试验,破碎作用更接近机械破碎。结果表明:降低冲击能、理论输入能、应变率或延长作用时间可提高能量效率,破碎动态强度与能量密度呈正比例关系,峰值应变随冲击能密度的增大线性增大,但不受吸收能密度的影响。落锤冲击破碎BIF型磁铁矿石的产品粒度具有分形特性,根据分形理论提出了适合计算产品粒度分形维数的方法,建立了能量与分形维数的关系模型,随着能量密度的增大,分形维数呈负指数函数增长。研究结果为BIF型磁铁矿石破碎能量与粒度控制提供理论依据。
To research the effect of energy on the impact comminution characteristics of BIF magnetite ore, some experiments were done using a drop weight test system with guide rod to make the comminution action closer to mechanical comminution. It is shown that the energy efficiency can be improved by reducing the impact energy, theoretical input energy, and strain rate or extending the impact time. The energy density has positive proportional effect on the comminution dynamic strength. The maximum strain increases with the increase of impact energy density, but it is not related with the absorbed energy density. The product size has fractal characteristic, so an appropriate calculation method for the fractal dimension was put forward by virtue of the fractal theory, the model describing the relation between energy and fractal dimension was established. The fractal dimension increases according to a negative exponential function with the increase of energy density. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the control of comminution energy and particle size of BIF magnetite ore.
To research the effect of energy on the impact comminution characteristics of BIF magnetite ore, some experiments were done using a drop weight test system with guide rod to make the comminution action closer to mechanical comminution. It is shown that the energy efficiency can be improved by reducing the impact energy, theoretical input energy, and strain rate or extending the impact time. The energy density has positive proportional effect on the comminution dynamic strength. The maximum strain increases with the increase of impact energy density, but it is not related with the absorbed energy density. The product size has fractal characteristic, so an appropriate calculation method for the fractal dimension was put forward by virtue of the fractal theory, the model describing the relation between energy and fractal dimension was established. The fractal dimension increases according to a negative exponential function with the increase of energy density. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the control of comminution energy and particle size of BIF magnetite ore.
引文
[1]SAEIDI F,TARARES M,YAHYAEI M,et al.Aphenomenological model of single particle comminution as a multi-stage process[J].Minerals Engineering,1997,98:90-100.
[2]NARAYANAN S S,WHITEN W J.Determination of comminution characteristics from single-particle tests and its application to ball-mill scale-up[J].Transactions of the Institution of Minerals and Metallurgy,Section C,1988,97:115-125.
[3]TAVARES L M,KING R P.Single-particle fracture under impact loading[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1998,54(1):1-28.
[4]SADRAI S,MEECH J A,TROMANS D,et al.Energy efficient comminution under high velocity impact fragmentation[J].Minerals Engineering,1998,24:1053-1061.
[5]张文清,石必明,穆朝民.冲击载荷作用下煤岩破碎与耗能规律实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(2):375-380.ZHANG Wenqing,SHI Biming,MU Chaomin.Experimental research on failure and energy dissipation law of coal under impact load[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(2):375-380.
[6]黎立云,徐志强,谢和平,等.不同冲击速度下岩石破坏能量规律的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,36(12):2007-2011.LI Liyun,XU Zhiqiang,XIE Heping,et al.Failure experimental study on energy laws of rock under differential dynamic impact velocities[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,36(12):2007-2011.
[7]李启月,顾春宏,李夕兵,等.冲击加载下矽卡岩破碎能耗与块度关系的试验研究[J].矿冶工程,2009,29(4):18-23.LI Qiyue,GU Chunhong,LI Xibing,et al.Experimental research on relationship between energy consumption and fragmentation size of skarm subjected to impact loading[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2009,29(4):18-23.
[8]牛雷雷,朱万成,李少华,等.摆锤冲击加载下砂岩中应变率动力特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(12):2443-2450.NIU Leilei,ZHU Wancheng,LI Shaohua,et al.Experimental study of dynamic characteristics of sandstone under intermediate strain rate by using pendulum hammer driven“SHPB”apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(12):2443-2450.
[9]平琦,骆轩,马芹永,等.冲击载荷作用下砂岩试件破碎能耗特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊2):4197-5003.PING Qi,LUO Xuan,MA Qinyong,et al.Broken energy dissiapation charateristics of sandstone specimens under impact loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 2):4197-5003.
[10]许金余,刘石.大理岩冲击加载试验碎块的分形特征分析[J].岩土学报,2012,33(11):3225-3230.XU Jinyu,LIU Shi.Research on fractal characteristics of marble fragments subjected to impact loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3225-3230.
[11]郭连军,杨跃辉,张大宁.冲击载荷作用下磁铁矿石英岩破碎能耗分析[J].金属矿山,2014(8):1-5.GUO Lianjun,YANG Yuehui,ZHANG Daning.Analysis on the fragmentation energy consumption of magnetite quartzite under impact loads[J].Metal Mine,2014(8):1-5.
[12]胡振中,庄亚明,蔡天意,等.单颗粒煤岩冲击破碎能耗与粒度分布特性试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,6(增刊1):230-234.HU Zhenzhong,ZHUANG Yaming,CAI Tianyi,et al.Experimental study on energy consumption and particle size distribution of single particle coal under impact crushing[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,6(Sup1):230-234.
[13]NAPIER-MUNN T J.Mineral comminution circuits:their operation and optimization[M].Brisbane:Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre,1996.
[14]WHYTE R.Measuring incremental damage in rock comminution by impact[D].Brisbane:The University of Queensland,2005.
[15]WU S Z,CHAU K T,YU T X.Crushing and fragmentation of brittle spheres under double impact test[J].Powder Technology,2004,143/144:41-45.
[16]REDDISH D J,STACE L R,VANICHKOBCHINDA P,et al.Numertical simulation of the dynamic impact comminution testing of rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2005,42:167-176.
[17]PERFECT E.Fractal models for the fragmentation of rocks and soils:a review[J].1997,48:185-198.
[18]NAGAHAMA H.Fractal fragment size distribution for brittle rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(4):469-471.
[19]BROWN G J.A fractal description of the progeny of double impact single particle comminution[J].Mineral Engineering,1997,10(2):299-135.
[20]TURCOTTEE D.Fractals and fragmentation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91:1921-1926.
[21]ZHANG Jixiong,LI Meng,LIU Zhan,et al.Fractal characteristics of crushed particles of coal gangue[J].Powder Technology,2017,35:12-18.
[22]刘瑜,周甲伟,杜长龙.煤块冲击破碎粒度分形特征[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(3):18-22.LIU Yu,ZHOU Jiawei,DU Changlong.Fractal character of impact crushing granularity of coal lumps[J].Journal of Viberation and Shock,2013,32(3):18-22.
[23]谢和平,高峰,周宏伟.岩石断裂和破碎的分形研究[J].防灾减灾工程,2003,23(4):1-9.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,ZHOU Hongwei.Fractal fracture and fragmentaion in rocks[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2003,23(4):1-9.
[2]NARAYANAN S S,WHITEN W J.Determination of comminution characteristics from single-particle tests and its application to ball-mill scale-up[J].Transactions of the Institution of Minerals and Metallurgy,Section C,1988,97:115-125.
[3]TAVARES L M,KING R P.Single-particle fracture under impact loading[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1998,54(1):1-28.
[4]SADRAI S,MEECH J A,TROMANS D,et al.Energy efficient comminution under high velocity impact fragmentation[J].Minerals Engineering,1998,24:1053-1061.
[5]张文清,石必明,穆朝民.冲击载荷作用下煤岩破碎与耗能规律实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(2):375-380.ZHANG Wenqing,SHI Biming,MU Chaomin.Experimental research on failure and energy dissipation law of coal under impact load[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(2):375-380.
[6]黎立云,徐志强,谢和平,等.不同冲击速度下岩石破坏能量规律的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,36(12):2007-2011.LI Liyun,XU Zhiqiang,XIE Heping,et al.Failure experimental study on energy laws of rock under differential dynamic impact velocities[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,36(12):2007-2011.
[7]李启月,顾春宏,李夕兵,等.冲击加载下矽卡岩破碎能耗与块度关系的试验研究[J].矿冶工程,2009,29(4):18-23.LI Qiyue,GU Chunhong,LI Xibing,et al.Experimental research on relationship between energy consumption and fragmentation size of skarm subjected to impact loading[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2009,29(4):18-23.
[8]牛雷雷,朱万成,李少华,等.摆锤冲击加载下砂岩中应变率动力特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(12):2443-2450.NIU Leilei,ZHU Wancheng,LI Shaohua,et al.Experimental study of dynamic characteristics of sandstone under intermediate strain rate by using pendulum hammer driven“SHPB”apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(12):2443-2450.
[9]平琦,骆轩,马芹永,等.冲击载荷作用下砂岩试件破碎能耗特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊2):4197-5003.PING Qi,LUO Xuan,MA Qinyong,et al.Broken energy dissiapation charateristics of sandstone specimens under impact loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 2):4197-5003.
[10]许金余,刘石.大理岩冲击加载试验碎块的分形特征分析[J].岩土学报,2012,33(11):3225-3230.XU Jinyu,LIU Shi.Research on fractal characteristics of marble fragments subjected to impact loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3225-3230.
[11]郭连军,杨跃辉,张大宁.冲击载荷作用下磁铁矿石英岩破碎能耗分析[J].金属矿山,2014(8):1-5.GUO Lianjun,YANG Yuehui,ZHANG Daning.Analysis on the fragmentation energy consumption of magnetite quartzite under impact loads[J].Metal Mine,2014(8):1-5.
[12]胡振中,庄亚明,蔡天意,等.单颗粒煤岩冲击破碎能耗与粒度分布特性试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,6(增刊1):230-234.HU Zhenzhong,ZHUANG Yaming,CAI Tianyi,et al.Experimental study on energy consumption and particle size distribution of single particle coal under impact crushing[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,6(Sup1):230-234.
[13]NAPIER-MUNN T J.Mineral comminution circuits:their operation and optimization[M].Brisbane:Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre,1996.
[14]WHYTE R.Measuring incremental damage in rock comminution by impact[D].Brisbane:The University of Queensland,2005.
[15]WU S Z,CHAU K T,YU T X.Crushing and fragmentation of brittle spheres under double impact test[J].Powder Technology,2004,143/144:41-45.
[16]REDDISH D J,STACE L R,VANICHKOBCHINDA P,et al.Numertical simulation of the dynamic impact comminution testing of rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2005,42:167-176.
[17]PERFECT E.Fractal models for the fragmentation of rocks and soils:a review[J].1997,48:185-198.
[18]NAGAHAMA H.Fractal fragment size distribution for brittle rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(4):469-471.
[19]BROWN G J.A fractal description of the progeny of double impact single particle comminution[J].Mineral Engineering,1997,10(2):299-135.
[20]TURCOTTEE D.Fractals and fragmentation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91:1921-1926.
[21]ZHANG Jixiong,LI Meng,LIU Zhan,et al.Fractal characteristics of crushed particles of coal gangue[J].Powder Technology,2017,35:12-18.
[22]刘瑜,周甲伟,杜长龙.煤块冲击破碎粒度分形特征[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(3):18-22.LIU Yu,ZHOU Jiawei,DU Changlong.Fractal character of impact crushing granularity of coal lumps[J].Journal of Viberation and Shock,2013,32(3):18-22.
[23]谢和平,高峰,周宏伟.岩石断裂和破碎的分形研究[J].防灾减灾工程,2003,23(4):1-9.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,ZHOU Hongwei.Fractal fracture and fragmentaion in rocks[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2003,23(4):1-9.