柚子不同部位多酚和矿物质与抗氧化能力相关性研究
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摘要
测定柚子不同部位的总酚、总黄酮、花青素、矿物质含量,并进行抗氧化性研究,探讨各组分含量与还原力及对·OH、DPPH·清除性能之间的相关性。结果表明,柚子不同部位总酚含量由高到低依次为黄皮、白皮、囊衣、果肉、柚籽,其中黄皮总酚质量比达12.68 mg/g;总黄酮含量由高到低依次为囊衣、柚籽、白皮、黄皮、果肉,囊衣总黄酮质量比为1.146 mg/g;花青素含量果肉最高;柚子中含有丰富的对人体有益的K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Na、Fe等元素,黄皮更易富集矿物质,而白皮中矿物质种类及含量极低;柚子各部位醇提液还原力由高到低依次为黄皮、果肉、柚籽、白皮、囊衣,对·OH清除率由大到小依次为黄皮、囊衣、白皮、柚籽、果肉;而囊衣醇提液对DPPH·清除率最高,达到95.24%;相关性分析表明,3种多酚类物质与还原力、DPPH·清除率均无显著相关性(P>0.05),总酚与·OH清除率显著相关(P<0.05),K、Ca、Mg与还原力、·OH清除率均存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与DPPH·清除率不存在显著相关性(P>0.05)。
The contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, anthocyanins and mineral elements in different parts of pomelo were determined, and the correlation between polyphenols contents and antioxidant activities, such as reduction ability, OH and DPPH radical scavenging ability were explored. The results showed that the total phenols content of each parts of pomelo in descending order were yellow peel, white peel,capsule dressing, pulp, and pomelo seed and the total phenols content in yellow peel was 12.68 mg/g. The contents of total flavonoids in different parts were as follows: capsule dressing > pomelo seed > white peel > yellow peel > pulp, which was 1.146 mg/g in capsule dressing. The highest content of anthocyanins was found in pulp. Pomelo was rich in K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, Fe and other elements. And the mineral elements were mainly concentrated in yellow peel, while were hardly detected in white peel. The reduction abilities of alcohol extracts in different parts of pomelo were as follows: yellow peel > pulp > pomelo seed > white peel > capsule dressing. The scavenging rates of ·OH were as follows: yellow peel > capsule dressing > white peel > pomelo seed > pulp. Alcohol extracts of capsule dressing had the highest scavenging rate of DPPH radical(95.24%). Correlation analysis indicated that, the content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and anthocyanins had no significant correlations with reducing ability or scavenging rate of DPPH radical(P>0.05), while total polyphenols contents were significantly associated with scavenging rate of OH radical(P<0.05). The content of K, Ca, and Mg had highly significant positive correlations with reducing ability and scavenging rate of OH radical(P<0.01), but no significant correlation with scavenging rate of DPPH radical(P>0.05).
The contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, anthocyanins and mineral elements in different parts of pomelo were determined, and the correlation between polyphenols contents and antioxidant activities, such as reduction ability, OH and DPPH radical scavenging ability were explored. The results showed that the total phenols content of each parts of pomelo in descending order were yellow peel, white peel,capsule dressing, pulp, and pomelo seed and the total phenols content in yellow peel was 12.68 mg/g. The contents of total flavonoids in different parts were as follows: capsule dressing > pomelo seed > white peel > yellow peel > pulp, which was 1.146 mg/g in capsule dressing. The highest content of anthocyanins was found in pulp. Pomelo was rich in K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, Fe and other elements. And the mineral elements were mainly concentrated in yellow peel, while were hardly detected in white peel. The reduction abilities of alcohol extracts in different parts of pomelo were as follows: yellow peel > pulp > pomelo seed > white peel > capsule dressing. The scavenging rates of ·OH were as follows: yellow peel > capsule dressing > white peel > pomelo seed > pulp. Alcohol extracts of capsule dressing had the highest scavenging rate of DPPH radical(95.24%). Correlation analysis indicated that, the content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and anthocyanins had no significant correlations with reducing ability or scavenging rate of DPPH radical(P>0.05), while total polyphenols contents were significantly associated with scavenging rate of OH radical(P<0.05). The content of K, Ca, and Mg had highly significant positive correlations with reducing ability and scavenging rate of OH radical(P<0.01), but no significant correlation with scavenging rate of DPPH radical(P>0.05).
引文
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[15] XU G H , CHEN J C , LIU D H , et al. Minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of citrus peel extract by hot water[J]. Journal of Food Science, 2008, 73(1):c11-c18.
[16] 徐贵华, 马汉军, 张远, 等. 热水提取胡柚果皮中矿物质、酚类物质及其水提液抗氧化性研究[J]. 食品工业科技, 2008(12):163-165.XU G H, MA H J,ZHANG Y, et al. Study on extraction of minerals, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Huyou(Citrus paradisi changshanhuyou) peel by hot water[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2008(12):163-165.
[17] 张昭, 吕泽芳, 吴洪梅, 等. 重庆市10大名柚果实酚类物质质量分数及抗氧化活性研究[J]. 西南大学学报:自然科学版, 2015, 37(5):58-65.ZHANG Z, Lü Z F, WU H M, et al. Phenolic contents of ten famous Chongqing pummelo (Citrus grandis) cultivars and their antioxidant capacities[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science) , 2015, 37(5):58-65.
[18] 张桂伟. 中国主栽葡萄柚果实不同部位酚类物质组成及其抗氧化活性研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2015.ZHANG G W. Study on the composition and antioxidant activity of phenols in different parts of grape fruit grown in China[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2015.
[19] 徐应文. 鱼腥草单萜次生代谢研究[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2012.XU Y W. Studies on the secondary terpenoid metabolism of houttuynia[D]. Yaan:Sichuan Agricultural University, 2012.
[20] 吴娟, 施国新, 夏海威, 等. 外源钙对汞胁迫下菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)叶片抗氧化系统及脯氨酸代谢的调节效应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(2):380-387.WU J, SHI G X, XIA H W, et al. Effects of exogenous calcium on antioxidant system and proline metabolism of Potamogeton crispus L.leaves under mercury stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014, 33(2):380-387.
[21] 潘晓丽, 向晖, 谢运飞, 等. 大黄素- 镁(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、表征及抗氧化活性研究[J]. 中成药, 2013, 35(12):2757-2759.PAN X L, XIAGN H, XIE Y F, et al. Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of emodin-magnesium(Ⅱ)[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2013, 35(12):2757-2759.
[2] 白姗姗. 啤酒花废弃枝叶的化学成分分析及活性研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学,2017.BAI S S. Study on chemical constituents and activities of hop branches and leaves[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang University, 2017.
[3] 古绍彬,吴影,董红敏,等.苹果多酚抗氧化作用及其清除自由基能力的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2013:28(4):58-61,128.GU S B, WU Y,DONG H M,et al. Study on the antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability of apple polyphenol[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2013:28(4):58-61,128.
[4] 邢佳,陆文娟,赵云霞,等.石榴叶多酚的纯化及抗氧化活性研究[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2015,38(3):84-90.XING J, LU W J, ZHAO Y X, et al.Purification and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Punica granatum L.[J]. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2015,38(3):84-90.
[5] 李秀信,张院民.香椿叶总黄酮含量测定方法研究[J].中国食品学报,2010,10(5):243-248.LI X X, ZHANG Y M.Studies on the determination method of total flavone content in Toona sinensis[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Techno-logy,2010,10(5):243-248.
[6] 刘桂玲,李海霞,郭宾会,等.不同提取方法对甘薯花青素含量测定的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(4):91-94.LIU G L, LI H X, GUO B H, et al. Effects of different extraction methods on anthocyanin content detection in sweet potato[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007,23(4):91-94.
[7] 万益群,肖丽凤,柳英霞,等. ICP- AES法测定柚子不同部位中多种微量元素[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(9):2177-2180.WAN Y Q, XIAO L F, LIU Y X, et al. Determination of trace elements in different parts of grape fruit by ICP- AES[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2008,28(9):2177-2180.
[8] SCORDINO M, DI MAURO A, PASSERINI A, et al. Adsorption of flavonoids on resins: hesperidin[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003, 51(24): 6998-7004.
[9] 郑如刚,梁振益,陈祎平,等.不同薤白多糖体外对自由基的清除作用[J].热带生物学报,2013,4(3):257-260. ZHENG R G, LIANG Z Y, CHEN Y P, et al. Scavenging effect of various polysaccharides extracted from Allium macrostemon Bge. on free radicals in vitro[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology,2013,4(3):257-260.
[10] 李红,郅洁,马彦梅,等.沙枣黄酮的提取及其抗氧化作用的研究[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(1):35-36. LI H, ZHI J, MA Y M, et al. Extraction and antioxidation of flavonoids from Elaeagnus angustifolia L.[J]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research,2010,21(1):35-36.
[11] 阳梅芳,曾新安,杨星. 沙田柚中不同部位黄酮类物质的分布及含量探讨[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(1):89-91,96. YANG M F, ZENG X A,YANG X. Study on the distribution and content of flavonoids in various parts of Shatian grapefruit[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2013,34(1):89-91,96.
[12] CHAMOVITZ D,PECKER I,HIRSCHBERG J. The molecular basis of resistance to the herbicide norflurazon[J].Plant molecular biology, 1991,16(6):967-974.
[13] DAI J, MUMPER R J. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties[J]. Molecules, 2010, 15(10):7313-7352.
[14] 张昭. 中国地方柚果实酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性分析[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2015.ZHANG Z. Phenolic compositions and antioxidant capacity of the fruits of Chinese local pummelos[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2015.
[15] XU G H , CHEN J C , LIU D H , et al. Minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of citrus peel extract by hot water[J]. Journal of Food Science, 2008, 73(1):c11-c18.
[16] 徐贵华, 马汉军, 张远, 等. 热水提取胡柚果皮中矿物质、酚类物质及其水提液抗氧化性研究[J]. 食品工业科技, 2008(12):163-165.XU G H, MA H J,ZHANG Y, et al. Study on extraction of minerals, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Huyou(Citrus paradisi changshanhuyou) peel by hot water[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2008(12):163-165.
[17] 张昭, 吕泽芳, 吴洪梅, 等. 重庆市10大名柚果实酚类物质质量分数及抗氧化活性研究[J]. 西南大学学报:自然科学版, 2015, 37(5):58-65.ZHANG Z, Lü Z F, WU H M, et al. Phenolic contents of ten famous Chongqing pummelo (Citrus grandis) cultivars and their antioxidant capacities[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science) , 2015, 37(5):58-65.
[18] 张桂伟. 中国主栽葡萄柚果实不同部位酚类物质组成及其抗氧化活性研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2015.ZHANG G W. Study on the composition and antioxidant activity of phenols in different parts of grape fruit grown in China[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2015.
[19] 徐应文. 鱼腥草单萜次生代谢研究[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2012.XU Y W. Studies on the secondary terpenoid metabolism of houttuynia[D]. Yaan:Sichuan Agricultural University, 2012.
[20] 吴娟, 施国新, 夏海威, 等. 外源钙对汞胁迫下菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)叶片抗氧化系统及脯氨酸代谢的调节效应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(2):380-387.WU J, SHI G X, XIA H W, et al. Effects of exogenous calcium on antioxidant system and proline metabolism of Potamogeton crispus L.leaves under mercury stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014, 33(2):380-387.
[21] 潘晓丽, 向晖, 谢运飞, 等. 大黄素- 镁(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、表征及抗氧化活性研究[J]. 中成药, 2013, 35(12):2757-2759.PAN X L, XIAGN H, XIE Y F, et al. Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of emodin-magnesium(Ⅱ)[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2013, 35(12):2757-2759.