鄂西北某农田保护区土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价
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摘要
为了解鄂西北农田土壤重金属污染状况,采集了湖北省某农田保护区89份表层土壤样品,运用多元统计分析法和潜在生态危害指数法研究了土壤重金属分布特征和生态风险。结果显示:研究区Ni、Cd、Cu、Zn、As和Hg具有不同程度的累积效应,Cd均值含量超过了不同p H条件下农用地土壤污染风险筛选值;多元统计分析结果显示:化肥、农药的不合理施用是Ni、Cd、Cu、Zn和As的主要来源,Cr、Pb来源于自然源,Hg主要来源于锅炉燃煤等人为污染源;单因子指数、综合污染指数和生态风险指数结果均表明,研究区具有较强的Cd污染风险,Cd是主要的污染因子。
In order to investigate the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil in northwest Hubei,89 surface soil samples of a farmland protection area in Hubei Province were collected. The distribution characteristics and ecological risk of soil heavy metals were studied by multivariate statistical analysis and potential ecological hazard index methods. The results showed that Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn,As and Hg in the study area had different cumulative effects. The average concentration of Cd exceeded the the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land under different pH conditions. The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn and As originated from the unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Cr and Pb originated from natural sources,and Hg mainly originated from boiler coal combustion; single factor index,comprehensive pollution index and ecological risk index results indicated that the study area was under a high risk of Cd pollution,and Cd was the main pollution factor.
In order to investigate the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil in northwest Hubei,89 surface soil samples of a farmland protection area in Hubei Province were collected. The distribution characteristics and ecological risk of soil heavy metals were studied by multivariate statistical analysis and potential ecological hazard index methods. The results showed that Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn,As and Hg in the study area had different cumulative effects. The average concentration of Cd exceeded the the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land under different pH conditions. The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn and As originated from the unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Cr and Pb originated from natural sources,and Hg mainly originated from boiler coal combustion; single factor index,comprehensive pollution index and ecological risk index results indicated that the study area was under a high risk of Cd pollution,and Cd was the main pollution factor.
引文
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[26]咏梅,张漫,王圣伟,等.山东省滨城区农田土壤重金属来源解析及评价[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(6):119-125.
[27]易甜,姚晶晶,李书谦,等.湖北省某地农田土壤中重金属污染的风险评价[J].湖北农业科学,2015(24):6379-6382.
[2]赵杰,罗志军,赵越,等.环鄱阳湖区农田土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(6):2475-2485.
[3]李润林,姚艳敏,唐鹏钦.农产品产地土壤环境质量评价研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(6):289-300.
[4]梁尧,李刚,仇建飞,等.土壤重金属污染对农产品质量安全的影响及其防治措施[J].农产品质量与安全,2013(3):9-14
[5]赵秀峰,王强盛,石宁宁,等.石化园区周边农田土壤重金属污染分析与评价[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(1):133-141.
[6]任婧,袁旭,卞春梅,等.贵阳白云区工业园区周边水稻土重金属含量状况及风险评价[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(3):1149-1154.
[7]吴江平,陈小云,韩义君,等.电子垃圾拆解地稻田土壤和大米中重金属污染评估[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1628-1634.
[8]尹伊梦,赵委托,黄庭,等.电子垃圾拆解区土壤-水稻系统重金属分布特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2018(2):916-926.
[9]环境保护部. 8种有效态元素的测定二乙烯三胺五乙酸浸提-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法:HJ 804—2016[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016.
[10]王凌,张国印,张小龙,等.蔬菜土壤重金属生物有效性及有效态与全量相关性研究[J].华北农学报,2011,26(增刊1):85-88.
[11]黄哲,曲世华,白岚,等.包头城区土壤重金属空间分布特征及污染评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(5):149-153.
[12]麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜,阿吉古丽·马木提,买托合提·阿那依提,等.博斯腾湖湿地边缘带农田土壤重金属的污染风险评价[J].土壤,2018,50(2):369-375.
[13]李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1037-1044.
[14]沈体忠,肖杰.绿色食品产地土壤重金属生态风险预警评估———以湖北省天门市为例[J].农产品质量与安全,2013(6):65-68.
[15]沈体忠,肖杰,蒋双林,等.天门市绿色食品产地土壤重金属生态风险预警评估[C]∥全国农业环境科学学术研讨会,2013.
[16]吴媚,顾赛赛.变异系数的统计推断及其应用[J].铜仁学院学报,2010,12(1):139-141.
[17]王凌,张国印,张小龙,等.蔬菜土壤重金属生物有效性及有效态与全量相关性研究[J].华北农学报,2011,26(增刊1):85-88.
[18]张慧,郑志志,马鑫鹏,等.哈尔滨市土壤表层重金属污染特征及来源辨析[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(10):1597-1606.
[19] Ozden O,Erkan N.Evaluation of risk characterization for mercury,cadmium,lead and arsenic associated with seafood consumption in Turkey[J].Exposure and Health,2016,8(1):43-52.
[20] Ilmiawati C,Yoshida T,Itoh T,et al. Biomonitoring of mercury,cadmium,and lead exposure in Japanese children:A cross-sectional study[J].Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine,2015,20(1):18-27.
[21]王科,李浩,任树友,等.不同耕作措施对土壤和水稻籽粒重金属累积的影响[J].四川农业科技,2017(2):32-34.
[22]张萌,毋燕妮,解静芳,等.太原市污灌区土壤镉存在形态与生物可利用性研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(10):3276-3283.
[23]曾希柏,苏世鸣,吴翠霞,等.农田土壤中砷的来源及调控研究与展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(2):85-91.
[24]秦鱼生,喻华,冯文强,等.成都平原北部水稻土重金属含量状况及其潜在生态风险评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6335-6344.
[25]孙阳昭,陈扬,蓝虹,等.中国汞污染的来源、成因及控制技术路径分析[J].环境化学,2013,32(6):937-941.
[26]咏梅,张漫,王圣伟,等.山东省滨城区农田土壤重金属来源解析及评价[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(6):119-125.
[27]易甜,姚晶晶,李书谦,等.湖北省某地农田土壤中重金属污染的风险评价[J].湖北农业科学,2015(24):6379-6382.