西昆仑塔什库尔干下—中侏罗统龙山组沉积构造背景分析
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摘要
新疆塔什库尔干地区下—中侏罗统龙山组,位于最新填绘的唐盖河—新迭村构造混杂岩带(康西瓦构造带)的南侧,总体为一套青灰色-灰色碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩沉积,主要以泥灰岩和杂砂岩为主,源区岩石没有经过充分的搬运、分选,成熟度比较低。稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素相对平坦和Eu亏损明显的特征,与典型上地壳非常相似;而微量元素质量分数也接近于大陆上地壳值;说明下—中侏罗统龙山组物源来自上地壳。沉积环境综合分析表明,龙山组沉积环境为浅海陆棚—近滨—前滨环境,表现出进积特征,总体为一个海退序列,反映了寒冷干燥的气候条件下,海平面下降、残留海盆收缩的沉积构造环境。从物源区构造背景来看,龙山组以活动大陆边缘为主,兼具大陆岛弧性质。结合区域地质构造背景,龙山组为羌塘地块和昆仑地块拼合之后形成的残留洋边缘沉积,其主要物源来源于其北侧的康西瓦构造带。
The Lower-Middle Jurassic Longshan Formation is located at the south of Tanggai RiverXindie County tectonic melange belt(KSTB)in Taxkorgan area,Xinjiang.The clastic sedimentary rocks are dominated by marls and greywackes,and are a set of steel grey-gray carbonate clastic sediments with low maturity.Their source rocks have not been fully handled and sorted.The REE distribution patterns are uniform and similar to typical post-Archean shales and upper continental crust,with enriched LREE,flat HREE,and negative Eu anomaly.A sedimentary environment analysis shows that the sediments belong to shallow shelf-nearshore-foreshore environment,and are characterized by progradation sedimentation,indicating a regressive sequence.The sedimentary rock formed in tectonic-sedimentary setting of sea level decline and residual sea basin contraction.The tectonic settings of the provenance mainly belong to active continental margin with characteristics of continental island arc.Based on the regional tectonic environment,we conclude that the Middle-Lower Jurassic Longshan Formation is the sediments of residual marginal ocean,formed by completed Qiangtang block and Kunlun block,the source of Longshan Formation comes from the KSTB,the north of Longshan Formation.
The Lower-Middle Jurassic Longshan Formation is located at the south of Tanggai RiverXindie County tectonic melange belt(KSTB)in Taxkorgan area,Xinjiang.The clastic sedimentary rocks are dominated by marls and greywackes,and are a set of steel grey-gray carbonate clastic sediments with low maturity.Their source rocks have not been fully handled and sorted.The REE distribution patterns are uniform and similar to typical post-Archean shales and upper continental crust,with enriched LREE,flat HREE,and negative Eu anomaly.A sedimentary environment analysis shows that the sediments belong to shallow shelf-nearshore-foreshore environment,and are characterized by progradation sedimentation,indicating a regressive sequence.The sedimentary rock formed in tectonic-sedimentary setting of sea level decline and residual sea basin contraction.The tectonic settings of the provenance mainly belong to active continental margin with characteristics of continental island arc.Based on the regional tectonic environment,we conclude that the Middle-Lower Jurassic Longshan Formation is the sediments of residual marginal ocean,formed by completed Qiangtang block and Kunlun block,the source of Longshan Formation comes from the KSTB,the north of Longshan Formation.
引文
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(1)陕西省地质调查院.1∶5万新疆喀英迪等5幅区域地质调查报告.西安:中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,2015.
(1)陕西省地质调查院.1∶25万康西瓦幅区域地质调查报告.西安:中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,2004.
[2]潘浴生.喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山综合科学考察导论[M].北京:气象出版社,1992.Pan Yusheng.Introduction to Comprehensive Scientific Investigation in the Kunlun of Gela and Kunlun Mountains[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,1992.
[3]陈守建,李荣社,计文化,等.昆仑造山带二叠纪岩相古地理特征及盆山转换探讨[J].中国地质,2010,37(2):374-394.Chen Shoujian,Li Rongshe,Ji Wenhua,et al.The Permian Lithofacies Paleogeographic Characteristics and Basin-Mountain Conversion in the Kunlun Orogenic Belt[J].Geology in China,2010,37(2):374-394.
[4]王有学,姜枚,熊盛青,等.西昆仑岩石圈的拆沉作用及其深部构造含义:地震层析成像及航磁异常证据[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):299-308.Wang Youxue,Jiang Mei,Xiong Shengqing,et al.Delamination of the Lithosphere Below the West Kunlun and its Tectonic Implications-Evidence from Seismic Tomographic Images and Aeromagnetic Anomalies[J].Geology in China,2006,33(2):299-308.
[5]李荣社,计文化,赵振明,等.昆仑早古生代造山带研究进展[J].地质通报,2007,26(4):373-382.Li Rongshe,Ji Wenhua,Zhao Zhenming,et al.Progress in the Study of the Early Paleozoic Kunlun Orogenic Belt[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(4):373-382.
[6]陈守建,李荣社,计文化,等.昆仑造山带晚泥盆世沉积特征及构造古地理环境[J].大地构造与成矿学,2007,31(1):44-51.Chen Shoujian,Li Rongshe,Ji Wenhua,et al.The Deposition Characteristics and TectonoPaleogeographic Environment of Kunlun Orogenic Belt in Late Devonian[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2007,31(1):44-51.
[7]陈守建,李荣社,计文化,等.昆仑造山带早-中泥盆世沉积特征及盆地性质探讨[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):541-551.Chen Shoujian,Li Rongshe,Ji Wenhua,et al.Discussion on Depositional Characteristics and Basin Quality in Kunlun Orogenic Belt During Early-Middle Devonian[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(4):541-551.
[8]刘和甫.盆地-山岭耦合体系与地球动力学机制[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2001,26(6):581-596.Liu Hefu.Geodynamic Scenamic of Coupled Basin and Mountain System[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2001,26(6):581-596.
[9]李继亮,肖文交,阎臻.盆山耦合与沉积作用[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):52-60.Li Jiliang,Xiao Wenjiao,Yan Zhen.Basin-Range Coupling and Its Sedimentation[J].Acta Sedimen to Logica Sinica,2003,21(1):52-60.
[10]曾忠诚,吝路军,朱海平,等.新疆塔县达布达尔地区二叠系神仙湾组杂砂岩沉积构造背景分析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2016,36(2):20-29.Zeng Zhongcheng,Lin Lujun,Zhu Haiping,et al.Tectonic Setting of the Greywackes from the Permian Shenxianwan Formation in the Daftar Area,Taxkorgan,Xinjiang[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2016,36(2):20-29.
[11]李振兴,侯明才,王约,等.喀喇昆仑西部龙山组沉积环境及构造背景[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(2):161-169.Li Zhenxing,Hou Mingcai,Wang Yue,et al.Sedimentary Environment and Structural Setting of Middle-Lower Jurassic Longshan Formation in the West of Kunlun Mountains of Gela,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2013,40(2):161-169.
[12]王炬川,崔建堂,罗乾周,等.喀喇昆仑南部侏罗系龙山组沉积环境分析及构造环境初探[J].陕西地质,2004,22(1):17-23.Wang Juchuan,Zui Jiantang,Luo Qianzhou,et al.Analysis of the Sedimentary Environment and Discussion of the Structural Setting of the Jurassic Longshan Formation in the Southern Kunlun of Gela[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2004,22(1):17-23.
[13]李振兴.喀喇昆仑西部侏罗系龙山组沉积环境及物源区大地构造背景研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013:1-63.Li Zhenxing.Sedimentary Environment and Structural Setting of Middle-Lower Jurassic Longshan Formation in the West of Kunlun Mountains of Gela,China[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013:1-63.
[14]董连慧,徐兴旺,范廷宾,等.喀喇昆仑火烧云超大型喷流-沉积成因碳酸盐型Pb-Zn矿的发现及区域成矿学意义[J].新疆地质,2015,33(1):41-50.Dong Lianhui,Xu Xingwang,Fan Tingbin,et al.Discovery of the Huoshaoyun Super-Large Exhalative-Sedimentary Carbonate Pb-Zn Deposit in the Western Kunlun Area and Its Great Significance for Regional Metallogeny[J].Xinjiang Geology,2015,33(1):41-50.
[15]曾忠诚,吝路军,朱海平,等.帕米尔东北缘穷阿木太克岩体年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(1):119-134.Zeng Zhongcheng,Lin Lujun,Zhu Haiping,et al.Ages,Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Implications of Qiong’Amutaike Pluton in the Northeastern Pamir[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(1):119-134.
[16]宋樾,王建,刘金霖,等.西昆仑慕士塔格-公格尔印支期侵入岩岩石与锆石地球化学特征及研究意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2015,45(5):1418-1435.Song Yue,Wang Jian,Liu Jinlin,et al.Chronology,Geochemistry,Hafnium Isotope Characteristics and Tectonic Implications of Muztag-Kongur Indosinian Intrusive Rocks[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2015,45(5):1418-1435.
[17]硅酸盐岩石化学分析方法:第14部分:氧化亚铁量测定:GB/T 14506.14-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.Methods for Chemical Analysis of Silicate Rocks:Part14:Determination of Ferrous Oxide Content:GB/T14506.14-2010[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011.
[18]硅酸盐岩石化学分析方法:第28部分:16个主次成分量测定:GB/T 14506.28-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.Methods for Chemical Analysis of Silicate Rocks:Part28:Determination of 16 Major and Minor Elements Content:GB/T 14506.28-2010[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011.
[19]硅酸盐岩石化学分析方法:第30部分:44个元素量测定:GB/T 14506.30-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011:1-20.Methods for Chemical Analysis of Silicate Rocks:Part30:Determination of 44 Elements:GB/T 14506.30-2010[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011:1-20.
[20]Pettijon F J,Potter P E,Siever R.Sand and Sandstone[M].New York:Springer Verlag,1973.
[21]Bhatia M R.Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Australian Paleozoic Graywackes and Mudstones:Provenance and Tectonic Control[J].Sedimentary Geology,1985,45:97-113.
[22]Taylor S R,McLennan S H.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1985:117-140,312.
[23]王争鸣.缺氧沉积环境的地球化学标志[J].甘肃地质学报,2003,12(2):55-58.Wang Zhengming.Geochemical Indicators for Diagnosing Anoxic Sedimentary Environment[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2003,12(2):55-58.
[24]刘岫峰.沉积岩实验室研究方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.Liu Xiufeng.Laboratory Research Methods of Sedimentary Rocks[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991.
[25]Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Early Proterozoic Climates and Plate Motions Inferred from Major Element Chemistry of Lutites[J].Nature,1982,299:715-717.
[26]Bock B,McLennan S M,Hanson G N.Geochemistry and Provenance of the Middle Ordovician Austin Glen Member(Normanskill Formation)and the Taconian Orogeny in New England[J].Sedimentology,1998,45:635-655.
[27]McLenanan S M.Rare Earth Element in Sedimentary Rocks:Influence of Provenance and Sedimentary Processes[J].Reviews in Mineralogy,1989,21:169-200.
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