基于面-体布尔运算的断层切割矿体三维模型
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摘要
针对矿体被断层面切割的地质现象,目前三维地质体建模往往是通过相邻地质剖面上的地质体轮廓线按三角网直线方式连接实现,断层面切割矿体的空间形态关系难以正确反映在三维可视化模型中。基于三角网格模型,提出了一种断层面切割矿体三维模型的面-体布尔运算算法。首先对矿体和切割矿体的断层面三角网格进行检测,构建拓扑关系;然后基于相交测试求得交线环;最后提取结果域多边形并进行三角剖分。针对断层面切割矿体形态进行了定量研究,分别定义了"获取断层面上的矿体"和"获取断层面下的矿体"两种切割算子,通过切割组合得到最终的切割结果,该算法避免了传统布尔运算中交线跟踪连接成环和点与多边形的包含测试等运算量较大的操作。以贵州省水银洞金矿床为例,结合地质解译和三维地质建模方法,采用该算法对矿床中与断层相交的矿体进行了切割运算。研究表明:基于布尔运算的断层切割矿体三维模型能够正确反映矿体与断层面之间的吻合关系,为研究断裂与矿化分布之间的定量关系提供了可靠依据。
For the geological phenomena that a fault cut through ore-bodies,three-dimensional(3D)geological modeling is usually performed by connecting the outlines on adjacent geological sections with triangular mesh in a straight line in the current,and it is difficult to reflect the spatial morphological relationship of the fault-cut ore-bodies in the 3D visualization model correctly.A surface-solid Boolean algorithm based on the triangular mesh model is proposed.Firstly,the triangle mesh models for the fault-cut ore-bodies are detected,and the topological relationship between the fault plane and the ore-bodies is built;then,the intersection loops are obtained based on the intersection test;finally,the result domain polygon is extracted and triangulated.For the morphological quantitative study of the ore-bodies cut by a fault,two cutting operators named"acquiring the ore-body on the fault plane"and"acquiring the ore-body under the fault plane"are defined respectively,and the final cutting results are acquired by the two operators.The algorithm avoided the operations of tracing intersection lines into loops and inclusion tests between points and polygons in the traditional Boolean operations.Taking Shuiyindong gold deposit in Guizhou Province as the study example,combined with geological interpretation and 3D geological modeling technique,the algorithm proposed in this paper is used to cut the ore-body intersecting with the fault in the deposit. The study results show that the 3D model cutting operating based on Boolean operations can reflect the anastomosis relationship between the ore-body and fault correctly,the reliable reference for the study of quantitative relationship between fault and mineralization distribution is provided.
For the geological phenomena that a fault cut through ore-bodies,three-dimensional(3D)geological modeling is usually performed by connecting the outlines on adjacent geological sections with triangular mesh in a straight line in the current,and it is difficult to reflect the spatial morphological relationship of the fault-cut ore-bodies in the 3D visualization model correctly.A surface-solid Boolean algorithm based on the triangular mesh model is proposed.Firstly,the triangle mesh models for the fault-cut ore-bodies are detected,and the topological relationship between the fault plane and the ore-bodies is built;then,the intersection loops are obtained based on the intersection test;finally,the result domain polygon is extracted and triangulated.For the morphological quantitative study of the ore-bodies cut by a fault,two cutting operators named"acquiring the ore-body on the fault plane"and"acquiring the ore-body under the fault plane"are defined respectively,and the final cutting results are acquired by the two operators.The algorithm avoided the operations of tracing intersection lines into loops and inclusion tests between points and polygons in the traditional Boolean operations.Taking Shuiyindong gold deposit in Guizhou Province as the study example,combined with geological interpretation and 3D geological modeling technique,the algorithm proposed in this paper is used to cut the ore-body intersecting with the fault in the deposit. The study results show that the 3D model cutting operating based on Boolean operations can reflect the anastomosis relationship between the ore-body and fault correctly,the reliable reference for the study of quantitative relationship between fault and mineralization distribution is provided.
引文
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[14]陈学工,杨兰,黄伟,等.三维网格模型的布尔运算方法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(6):1543-1545.Chen Xuegong,Yang Lan,Huang Wei,et al.Method of Boolean operation based on 3D grid model[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2011,31(6):1543-1545.
[15]毕林,王李管,陈建宏,等.三维网格模型的空间布尔运算[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(5):82-85.Bi Lin,Wang Liguan,Chen Jianhong,et al.Spacial Boolean operations of 3D mesh model[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2008,36(5):82-85.
[16]陈学工,马金金,邱华,等.三维网格模型的稳定布尔运算算法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(5):1198-1201.Chen Xuegong,Ma Jinjin,Qiu Hua,et al.Steady algorithm for Boolean operation of 3D mesh model[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2011,31(5):1198-1201.
[17]Devilliers O,Guigue P.Faster triangle-triangle intersection tests[J].Journal of Graphics Tools,2002(2):25-30.
[18]Guigue P,Devillers O.Fast and robust triangle-triangle overlap test using orientation predicates[J].Journal of Graphics Tools,2003(1):25-32.
[19]曹清龙,李君.基于最小距离的简单多边形三角剖分[J].长江大学学报:自然科学版,2006(2):556-557.Cao Qinglong,Li Jun.Simply polygon triangulation algorithm based on minimum distance[J].Journal of Yangtze University:Natural Science Edition,2006(2):556-557.
[20]马小虎,潘志庚,石教英.基于凹凸顶点判定的简单多边形Delaunay三角剖分[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1999,11(1):2-4.Mao Xiaohu,Pan Zhigeng,Shi Jiaoying.Delaunay triangulation of simple polygon based on determination of convex-concave vertices[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,1999,11(1):2-4.
[21]Schneider P J,Eberly D H.计算机图形学几何工具算法详解[M].周长发,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:246-249.Schneider P J,Eberly D H.Geometric Tools for Computer Graphics[M].Zhou Zhangfa,translated.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2005:246-249.
[22]刘建中,刘川勤.贵州水银洞金矿床成因探讨及成矿模式[J].贵州地质,2005,22(1):9-13.Liu Jianzhong,Liu Chuanqin.Origin and metallogenic model for Shuiyindong gold deposit of Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,2005,22(1):9-13.
[23]高士娟,毛先成,张宝一,等.基于平面地质图的地质体三维建模[J].地质找矿论丛,2015,30(4):594-601.Gao Shijuan,Mao Xiancheng,Zhang Baoyi,et al.The planar geological map-based 3D modeling of geological body[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2015,30(4):594-601.
[2]陈建平,吕鹏,吴文,等.基于三维可视化技术的隐伏矿体预测[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):54-62.Chen Jianping,Lyu Peng,Wu Wen,et al.A 3D method for predicting blind ore-bodies based on a 3D visualization model and its application[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(5):54-62.
[3]毛先成,邹艳红,陈进,等.危机矿山深部、边部隐伏矿体的三维可视化预测--以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例[J].地质通报,2010,29(2/3):401-413.Mao Xiancheng,Zou Yanhong,Chen Jin,et al.Three-dimensional visual prediction of concealed ore bodies in the deep and marginal parts of crisis mines:a case study of the Fenghuangshan ore field in Tongling,Anhui,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2010,29(2/3):401-413.
[4]肖克炎,陈学工,李楠,等.地质矿产勘探评价三维可视化技术及探矿者软件开发[J].矿床地质,2010,29(S1):758-760.Xiao Keyan,Chen Xuegong,Li Nan,et al.Three-dimensional visualization technology for geological mineral exploration and evaluation and software development for prospectors[J].Mineral Deposits,2010,29(S1):758-760.
[5]袁峰,李晓晖,张明明,等.隐伏矿体三维综合信息成矿预测方法[J].地质学报,2014,88(4):630-643.Yuan Feng,Li Xiaohui,Zhang Mingming,et al.Three dimension prospectivity modeling based on integrated geoinformation for prediction of buried ore-bodies[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(4):630-643.
[6]李培军.层状地质体的三维模拟与可视化[J].地学前缘,2000,7(S2):271-277.Li Peijun.Three dimensional modeling and visualization for stratified geological objects[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(S2):271-277.
[7]王李管,曾庆田,贾明涛,等.复杂地质构造矿床三维可视化实体建模技术[J].金属矿山,2006(12):46-49.Wang Liguan,Zeng Qingtian,Jia Mingtao,et al.Technology of three-dimensional visualized solid modeling for mineral deposit with complicated geological structure[J].Metal Mine,2006(12):46-49.
[8]Toriya H,Takamura T,Satoh T,et al.Boolean operations for solids with free-form surfaces through polyhedral approximation[J].Visual Computer,1991,7(2-3):87-96.
[9]Feito F R,Ogayar C J,Segura R J,et al.Fast and accurate evaluation of regularized Boolean operations on triangulated solids[J].Cad Computer Aided Design,2013,45(3):705-716.
[10]Adams B,Dutré,Philip.Interactive Boolean operations on surfelbounded solids[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics,2003,22(3):651-656.
[11]孙殿柱,李心成,田中朝,等.基于动态空间索引结构的三角网格模型布尔运算[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2009,21(9):1232-1237.Sun Dianzhu,Li Xincheng,Tian Zhongchao,et al.Accelerated Boolean operations on triangular mesh models based on dynamic spatial indexing[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2009,21(9):1232-1237.
[12]Barki H,Guennebaud G,Foufou S.Exact,robust and efficient regularized Booleans on general 3D meshes[J].Computers&Mathematics with Applications,2015,70(6):1235-1254.
[13]王红娟,张杏莉,卢新明.布尔运算算法研究及其在地质体建模中的应用[J].计算机应用研究,2010,27(10):3844-3846.Wang Hongjuan,Zhang Xingli,Lu Xinming.Research on algorithm of Boolean operation and application in geological bodies modeling[J].Application Research of Computers,2010,27(10):3844-3846.
[14]陈学工,杨兰,黄伟,等.三维网格模型的布尔运算方法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(6):1543-1545.Chen Xuegong,Yang Lan,Huang Wei,et al.Method of Boolean operation based on 3D grid model[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2011,31(6):1543-1545.
[15]毕林,王李管,陈建宏,等.三维网格模型的空间布尔运算[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(5):82-85.Bi Lin,Wang Liguan,Chen Jianhong,et al.Spacial Boolean operations of 3D mesh model[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2008,36(5):82-85.
[16]陈学工,马金金,邱华,等.三维网格模型的稳定布尔运算算法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(5):1198-1201.Chen Xuegong,Ma Jinjin,Qiu Hua,et al.Steady algorithm for Boolean operation of 3D mesh model[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2011,31(5):1198-1201.
[17]Devilliers O,Guigue P.Faster triangle-triangle intersection tests[J].Journal of Graphics Tools,2002(2):25-30.
[18]Guigue P,Devillers O.Fast and robust triangle-triangle overlap test using orientation predicates[J].Journal of Graphics Tools,2003(1):25-32.
[19]曹清龙,李君.基于最小距离的简单多边形三角剖分[J].长江大学学报:自然科学版,2006(2):556-557.Cao Qinglong,Li Jun.Simply polygon triangulation algorithm based on minimum distance[J].Journal of Yangtze University:Natural Science Edition,2006(2):556-557.
[20]马小虎,潘志庚,石教英.基于凹凸顶点判定的简单多边形Delaunay三角剖分[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1999,11(1):2-4.Mao Xiaohu,Pan Zhigeng,Shi Jiaoying.Delaunay triangulation of simple polygon based on determination of convex-concave vertices[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,1999,11(1):2-4.
[21]Schneider P J,Eberly D H.计算机图形学几何工具算法详解[M].周长发,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:246-249.Schneider P J,Eberly D H.Geometric Tools for Computer Graphics[M].Zhou Zhangfa,translated.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2005:246-249.
[22]刘建中,刘川勤.贵州水银洞金矿床成因探讨及成矿模式[J].贵州地质,2005,22(1):9-13.Liu Jianzhong,Liu Chuanqin.Origin and metallogenic model for Shuiyindong gold deposit of Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,2005,22(1):9-13.
[23]高士娟,毛先成,张宝一,等.基于平面地质图的地质体三维建模[J].地质找矿论丛,2015,30(4):594-601.Gao Shijuan,Mao Xiancheng,Zhang Baoyi,et al.The planar geological map-based 3D modeling of geological body[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2015,30(4):594-601.