露井联采中采矿方法对露天边坡的稳定性分析研究
|
摘要
在露天矿露井联采阶段,地下开挖采矿方法的不合理选择可能会对露天边坡的稳定性造成扰动,以致出现边坡失稳、地面塌陷以及排土场滑塌等灾害事故,这就增加了对边坡以及排土场等的维护费用。为了减少地下开挖对边坡扰动的影响,结合某露天磷矿的工程背景,利用ANSYS有限元法进行数值模拟分析,通过对未开挖、上向水平分层充填法、空场法3种情况下对边坡和隔离带的影响分析,得出使用充填法进行地下开挖时,隔离层的变化较小,边坡局部有影响且可能发生破坏,则需对边坡加强防护措施。使用空场法时,开挖结束后采空区附近和隔离层底部的位移量比较大,在此种情况下边坡整体不会出现失稳,但局部可能发生破坏,需同时对边坡和隔离层做保护措施。通过对比可知充填法的整体安全系数较高,所以在今后的开采中可优先考虑充填法。
In the phase of open-underground combined mining,the unreasonable selection of underground mining methods may disturb the stability of open-pit slopes and even lead to such disasters occurrence as slope instability,surface collapse and dumping landslide. These increases the maintenance cost of open-pit slopes and dumps. In order to reduce the disturbance of underground excavation on slope,and combined with the engineering background of a certain open pit phosphate mine,the finite element method of ANSYS is used to carry out the numerical simulation analysis. Through the analysis of the influences on the slope and isolation zone under the three conditions of non-excavation,upward horizontal slicing filling method and open-pit method,it is concluded that the change of the isolation layer is small when using the filling method for underground excavation. Local slopes are affected and may be damaged, it is necessary to strengthen the protection measures for the slope. When the empty field method is used, the displacement near the goaf and the bottom of the isolation layer after the excavation is relatively large.In this case, the slope as a whole will not appear instability, but local damage may occur, The slope and isolation layer need to be protected at the same time. By comparison, it can be seen that the overall safety factor of the filling method is high, Therefore, filling method can be given priority in future mining.
In the phase of open-underground combined mining,the unreasonable selection of underground mining methods may disturb the stability of open-pit slopes and even lead to such disasters occurrence as slope instability,surface collapse and dumping landslide. These increases the maintenance cost of open-pit slopes and dumps. In order to reduce the disturbance of underground excavation on slope,and combined with the engineering background of a certain open pit phosphate mine,the finite element method of ANSYS is used to carry out the numerical simulation analysis. Through the analysis of the influences on the slope and isolation zone under the three conditions of non-excavation,upward horizontal slicing filling method and open-pit method,it is concluded that the change of the isolation layer is small when using the filling method for underground excavation. Local slopes are affected and may be damaged, it is necessary to strengthen the protection measures for the slope. When the empty field method is used, the displacement near the goaf and the bottom of the isolation layer after the excavation is relatively large.In this case, the slope as a whole will not appear instability, but local damage may occur, The slope and isolation layer need to be protected at the same time. By comparison, it can be seen that the overall safety factor of the filling method is high, Therefore, filling method can be given priority in future mining.
引文
[1]孙旭光,张国营.露井联采模式下井工开采对边坡稳定影响分析[J].现代矿业,2010(7):58-60.Sun Xuguang,Zhang Guoying.Analysis on influence from pit mining which under combined open-pit with underground mining mode to slope stability[J].Modern Mining,2010(7):58-60.
[2]彭洪阁,才庆祥,周伟,等.露井联采条件下采动边坡的变形机理研究[J].金属矿山,2009(11):129-131.Peng Hongge,Cai Qingxiang,Zhou Wei,et al.Study on distortion mechanism of mined slope affected by open-pit and underground mining[J].Metal Mine,2009(11):129-131.
[3]蔡路军,马建军,江兵,等.高陡边坡下采矿安全问题分析探讨[J].矿业快报,2006(3):33-35.Cai Lujun,Ma Jianjun,Jiang Bing,et al.Analysis and discussion on mining safety problem under high and steep slope[J].Mining Information,2006(3):33-35.
[4]冯锦艳,朱建明.露天井工联采边坡井工与边坡合理位置的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(10):86-89.Feng Jinyan,Zhu Jianming.The numerical simulation study on the reasonable distance between the open pit slope and mine[J].ChinaMining Magazine,2008,17(10):86-89.
[5]孙世国,蔡美峰,王思敬.露天转地下开采边坡岩体滑移机制的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(l):126-129.Sun Shiguo,Cai Meifeng,Wang Sijng.Study of sliding mechanism for slope due to the excavation from open pit into underground mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(l):126-129.
[6]邹平.地下采动影响下的边坡失稳机理及分析方法研究[D].长沙:长沙矿山研究院,2009.Zou Ping.Study on Failure Mechanism and Analysis Method of Slope Affected by Underground Mining[D].Changsha:Changsha Institute of Mining,2009.
[7]张世雄,任高峰.深凹边坡稳定性的数值模拟研究与可靠度分析[J].露天采矿技术,2004(3):13-16.Zhang Shixiong,Ren Gaofeng.Study of numerical simulations on slope stability and reliability analyses in furrow pits[J].Opencast Mining Technology,2004(3):13-16.
[8]赵丽娜.高陡山区露天转地下开采边坡稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008:1-12.Zhao Lina.Study on Stability of Slope from Open Pit to Underground Mining in High and Steep Mountainous Areas[D].Changsha:Central South University,2008:1-12.
[9]陈先平.露天与井工联合开采影响下的边坡变形监测[J].资源环境与工程,2006,20(S):709-712.Chen Xianping.Monitoring of slope deformation in combination mining of open pit and ground[J].Resources Environment and Engineering,2006,20(S):709-712.
[10]房兴奎.铜山口矿露天地下联合开采边坡稳定性分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2011.Fang Xingkui.The Slope Stability Analysis to Tongshankou Open Pit Underground Mining[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2011.
[11]夏元友,李梅,等.基于实例类比推理的边坡稳定性评价方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(S):300-303.Xia Yuanyou,Li Mei,et al.A method of slope stability evaluation using case-based reasoning[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(S):300-303.
[12]王德忠,张瑞鹏.露井联采条件下对边坡稳定影响分析[J].内蒙古煤炭经济,2017(15):106-108.Wang Dezhong,Zhang Ruipeng.Analysis of the influence of openpit combined mining on slope stability[J].Inner Mongolia Coal Economics,2017(15):106-108.
[13]王创业,李俊鹏,刘伟,等.露井联采下边坡稳定性及时效性研究[J].煤矿安全,2018,49(8):258-261.Wang Chuangye,Li Junpeng,Liu Wei,et al.Study on stability and timeliness of slope under open-underground combined mining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2018,49(8):258-261.
[14]付长余.露井联采模式下边坡破坏和失稳机理研究[J].露天采矿技术,2018,33(4):54-57.Fu Changyu.Study on slope failure and instability mechanism under combined open-pit and underground mining mode[J].Opencast Mining Technology,2018,33(4):54-57.
[15]冯少杰,权建源,伏永贵,等.露井联采下边坡体变形机制的研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(25):224-228.Feng Shaojie,Quan Jianyuan,Fu Yonggui,et al.Study on slope deformation mechanism under open-pit and underground united mining[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(25):224-228.
[16]王东,浦凤山,曹兰柱,等.平庄西露天矿露井联采高陡长大边坡稳定性监测研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(11):124-130.Wang Dong,Pu Fengshan,Cao Lanzhu,et al.Study on stability monitoring of large high-steep slope under combined open-pit with underground mining in Pingzhuang western open-pit mine[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(11):124-130.
[2]彭洪阁,才庆祥,周伟,等.露井联采条件下采动边坡的变形机理研究[J].金属矿山,2009(11):129-131.Peng Hongge,Cai Qingxiang,Zhou Wei,et al.Study on distortion mechanism of mined slope affected by open-pit and underground mining[J].Metal Mine,2009(11):129-131.
[3]蔡路军,马建军,江兵,等.高陡边坡下采矿安全问题分析探讨[J].矿业快报,2006(3):33-35.Cai Lujun,Ma Jianjun,Jiang Bing,et al.Analysis and discussion on mining safety problem under high and steep slope[J].Mining Information,2006(3):33-35.
[4]冯锦艳,朱建明.露天井工联采边坡井工与边坡合理位置的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(10):86-89.Feng Jinyan,Zhu Jianming.The numerical simulation study on the reasonable distance between the open pit slope and mine[J].ChinaMining Magazine,2008,17(10):86-89.
[5]孙世国,蔡美峰,王思敬.露天转地下开采边坡岩体滑移机制的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(l):126-129.Sun Shiguo,Cai Meifeng,Wang Sijng.Study of sliding mechanism for slope due to the excavation from open pit into underground mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(l):126-129.
[6]邹平.地下采动影响下的边坡失稳机理及分析方法研究[D].长沙:长沙矿山研究院,2009.Zou Ping.Study on Failure Mechanism and Analysis Method of Slope Affected by Underground Mining[D].Changsha:Changsha Institute of Mining,2009.
[7]张世雄,任高峰.深凹边坡稳定性的数值模拟研究与可靠度分析[J].露天采矿技术,2004(3):13-16.Zhang Shixiong,Ren Gaofeng.Study of numerical simulations on slope stability and reliability analyses in furrow pits[J].Opencast Mining Technology,2004(3):13-16.
[8]赵丽娜.高陡山区露天转地下开采边坡稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008:1-12.Zhao Lina.Study on Stability of Slope from Open Pit to Underground Mining in High and Steep Mountainous Areas[D].Changsha:Central South University,2008:1-12.
[9]陈先平.露天与井工联合开采影响下的边坡变形监测[J].资源环境与工程,2006,20(S):709-712.Chen Xianping.Monitoring of slope deformation in combination mining of open pit and ground[J].Resources Environment and Engineering,2006,20(S):709-712.
[10]房兴奎.铜山口矿露天地下联合开采边坡稳定性分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2011.Fang Xingkui.The Slope Stability Analysis to Tongshankou Open Pit Underground Mining[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2011.
[11]夏元友,李梅,等.基于实例类比推理的边坡稳定性评价方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(S):300-303.Xia Yuanyou,Li Mei,et al.A method of slope stability evaluation using case-based reasoning[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(S):300-303.
[12]王德忠,张瑞鹏.露井联采条件下对边坡稳定影响分析[J].内蒙古煤炭经济,2017(15):106-108.Wang Dezhong,Zhang Ruipeng.Analysis of the influence of openpit combined mining on slope stability[J].Inner Mongolia Coal Economics,2017(15):106-108.
[13]王创业,李俊鹏,刘伟,等.露井联采下边坡稳定性及时效性研究[J].煤矿安全,2018,49(8):258-261.Wang Chuangye,Li Junpeng,Liu Wei,et al.Study on stability and timeliness of slope under open-underground combined mining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2018,49(8):258-261.
[14]付长余.露井联采模式下边坡破坏和失稳机理研究[J].露天采矿技术,2018,33(4):54-57.Fu Changyu.Study on slope failure and instability mechanism under combined open-pit and underground mining mode[J].Opencast Mining Technology,2018,33(4):54-57.
[15]冯少杰,权建源,伏永贵,等.露井联采下边坡体变形机制的研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(25):224-228.Feng Shaojie,Quan Jianyuan,Fu Yonggui,et al.Study on slope deformation mechanism under open-pit and underground united mining[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(25):224-228.
[16]王东,浦凤山,曹兰柱,等.平庄西露天矿露井联采高陡长大边坡稳定性监测研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(11):124-130.Wang Dong,Pu Fengshan,Cao Lanzhu,et al.Study on stability monitoring of large high-steep slope under combined open-pit with underground mining in Pingzhuang western open-pit mine[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(11):124-130.