石墨/铜基复合材料研究进展
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摘要
石墨/铜复合材料因其结合了铜基体优良的导电导热、较强的抗腐蚀性能、延展性能以及力学性能和石墨的润滑特性,而具有非常广阔的应用前景,一直以来都备受瞩目。综述了近年来石墨/铜复合材料在组分、制备工艺、性能应用3方面的研究现状。分析了该复合材料的组分特性;着重介绍了粉末冶金、熔炼铸造法、表面技术等制备方法并进行了分析比较;结合石墨/铜复合材料的性能介绍了其典型的应用领域;展望了今后的研究方向。
Graphite/copper matrix composites have been attracting attention for a long while.Because of their excellent conductive and heat conduction performance,strong corrosion resistance,ductility and mechanical properties due to copper matrix and perfect lubrication characteristics of graphite,so that,graphite/copper matrix composites have a very wide application prospect.The recent research progress of composition,preparation technologies and performance of graphite/copper composites are reviewed.Firstly,the composition characteristics of the composites were analyzed.Secondly,the preparation methods,such as powder metallurgy,smelting casting and surface technology,are introduced and compared.Thirdly,the typical application fields of graphite/copper composites are presented.Finally,the future research direction is forecasted.
Graphite/copper matrix composites have been attracting attention for a long while.Because of their excellent conductive and heat conduction performance,strong corrosion resistance,ductility and mechanical properties due to copper matrix and perfect lubrication characteristics of graphite,so that,graphite/copper matrix composites have a very wide application prospect.The recent research progress of composition,preparation technologies and performance of graphite/copper composites are reviewed.Firstly,the composition characteristics of the composites were analyzed.Secondly,the preparation methods,such as powder metallurgy,smelting casting and surface technology,are introduced and compared.Thirdly,the typical application fields of graphite/copper composites are presented.Finally,the future research direction is forecasted.
引文
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[28]Almomani M A.Influence of Graphite Content on Corrosion Behavior of Cartridge Brass in a 3.5 wt.%Na Cl Solution[J].International Journal of Electrochemical Science,2016,11(5):3436-3447.
[29]徐晓峰,杨晓倩,杨正海.石墨含量对铜/石墨材料高速载流摩擦性能的影响[J].河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013(5):1-4.
[30]邓书山.石墨—铜(银)复合材料组分设计与性能研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007.
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[33]Ichikawa K,Achikita M.Electric Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Carbide Dispersion-Strengthened Copper Prepared by Compocasting[J].Materials Transactions,1993,34(8):718-724.
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[35]Kong B,Fan T,Ru J.Improved wetting and thermal properties of graphite-Cu composite by Cr-solution immersion method[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2016,65:191-197.
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[37]Yin Z J,Wang S B,Fuwei,et al.Evolution and Prospect of Thermal Spraying Technique[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2011,26(3):225-232.
[38]Adams D P.Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition:A critical review[J].Thin Solid Films,2015,576:98-128.
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[40]Reina A,Jia X,Ho J,et al.Large area,few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition[J].Nano letters,2009,9(1):30-35.
[41]Kim K S,Zhao Y,Jang H,et al.Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes[J].Nature,2009,457(7230):706.
[42]支龙,王耀华,谭业发.青铜-石墨复合粉末热喷涂层的干滑动摩擦磨损性能[J].机械工程材料,2005,29(1):46-48.
[43]Lungu C P,Iwasaki K.Influence of surface morphology on the tribological properties of silver-graphite overlays[J].Vacuum,2002,66(s 3-4):385-390.
[44]Bo L,Zhang G.Electrical Sliding Tribological Behavior of Cu/Ag/Graphite Composite Coating[J].Rare Metal Materials&Engineering,2016,45(8):1961-1966.
[45]张鹏,杜云慧,曾大本,等.铜-石墨复合材料的半固态铸造研究[J].复合材料学报,2002(1):41-45.
[46]Zhang X,Dong P,Chen Y,et al.Fabrication and tribological properties of copper matrix composite with short carbon fiber/reduced graphene oxide filler[J].Tribology International,2016,103:406-411.
[47]冉旭,黄显峰,段利利,等.铜-石墨复合材料的摩擦学性能和磨损机理[J].材料导报,2012,26(8):33-38.
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[49]王发展,许云华,张晖,等.用区熔法制备Cu/C复合材料[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2000,32(4):376-378,392.
[50]He D H,Manory R.A novel electrical contact material with improved self-lubrication for railway current collectors[J].Wear,2001,249(7):626-636.
[51]刘德波,张萍.载流条件下铜-石墨复合材料摩擦学性能研究[J].铸造技术,2016,37(7):1338-1341.
[52]王悔改,上官宝,陈慧敏,等.有无电流条件下石墨自润滑铜基粉末冶金材料的摩擦磨损行为研究[J].铸造技术,2009,30(11):1409-1413.
[53]Rohatgi P K,Ray S,Liu Y.Tribological properties of metal matrix-graphite particle composites[J].International Materials Reviews,1992,37(1):129-152.
[2]赵品,谢辅洲,孙文山.材料科学基础[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001:301-306.
[3]刘德宝,崔春翔.高强度高导电铜基复合材料制备技术回顾与展望[J].天津理工学院学报,2003,19(4):29-33.
[4]李建伟,张海龙,张少明,等.金刚石表面镀钨对铜/金刚石复合材料热导率的影响[J].功能材料,2016(1):1034-1037.
[5]张煜,宋美慧,李岩,等.氮化铝颗粒增强铜基复合材料的制备及性能[J].黑龙江科技大学学报,2016(1):48-52.
[6]周永欣,徐飞,吕振林,等.Si C和石墨颗粒混杂增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能[J].机械工程材料,2015(2):90-93.
[7]张晓丹,崔云涛,马捷,等.石墨的铜包覆量对自润滑材料的性能影响[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(1):53-57.
[8]Su Y,Zhang Y,Song J,et al.Tribological behavior and lubrication mechanism of self-lubricating ceramic/metal composites:The effect of matrix type on the friction and wear properties[J].Wear,2017,372-373:130-138.
[9]Zhang C,Cai J,Lv P,et al.Surface microstructure and properties of Cu-C powder metallurgical alloy induced by high-current pulsed electron beam[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,697:96-103.
[10]Yao G C,Mei Q S,Li J Y,et al.Cu/C composites with a good combination of hardness and electrical conductivity fabricated from Cu and graphite by accumulative roll-bonding[J].Materials&Design,2016,110:124-129.
[11]Ahn B,Kim J,Hamad K,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of a B4C particle-reinforced Cu matrix composite fabricated by friction stir welding[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,693:688-691.
[12]Varol T,Canakci A.The Effect of Flake Microstructure on the Preparation and Properties of Cu-Graphite Sintered Nanocomposites[J].Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics,2016,55(7-8):426-436.
[13]黄德彬,李春胜.金属材料手册(精)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[14]陶杰,赵玉,涛潘蕾,等.金属基复合材料制备新技术导论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:1-23.
[15]李时先.石墨[M].北京:北京工业出版社,1991.
[16]卢铃,朱定一,汪才良.金属基/石墨固体自润滑材料的研究进展[J].材料导报,2007,21(2):38-42.
[17]南墅石墨矿.石墨[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1975.
[18]董瑞峰.铜合金/石墨复合材料的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.
[19]张钦钊,李强,王爱香,等.铜-石墨自润滑触头材料的研究进展[J].材料导报,2005,19(2):43-46.
[20]韩绍昌,徐仲榆.含铬石墨/铜基复合材料的制备及性能[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,1999(3):43-45.
[21]曾光廷.材料成型加工工艺及设备[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001:205-261.
[22]Moustafa S F,El-Badry S A,Sanad A M,et al.Friction and wear of copper-graphite composites made with Cu-coated and uncoated graphite powders[J].Wear,2002,253(7-8):699-710.
[23]Ghouse M,Ramachandran E G.Antifiction properties of electrodeposited composites of graphite and molybdenum disulfide with copper[J].Metal Finishing,1981,60:85-89.
[24]尹延国,刘君武,郑治祥,等.石墨对铜基自润滑材料高温摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2005(3):216-220.
[25]高飞,杜素强,符蓉,等.不同速度下石墨含量对铜基摩擦材料性能的影响[J].矿冶工程,2005(4):80-82.
[26]Varol T,Canakci A.An investigation on wear behavior of Cu-graphite nanocomposites prepared by flake powder metallurgy[J].Particulate Science and Technology,2017,69(1):8-14.
[27]Mazloum A,Kovác姚ik J,Emmer S姚,et al.Copper-graphite composites:thermal expansion,thermal and electrical conductivities,and cross-property connections[J].Journal of Materials Science,2016,51(17):7977-7990.
[28]Almomani M A.Influence of Graphite Content on Corrosion Behavior of Cartridge Brass in a 3.5 wt.%Na Cl Solution[J].International Journal of Electrochemical Science,2016,11(5):3436-3447.
[29]徐晓峰,杨晓倩,杨正海.石墨含量对铜/石墨材料高速载流摩擦性能的影响[J].河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013(5):1-4.
[30]邓书山.石墨—铜(银)复合材料组分设计与性能研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007.
[31]He D H,Manory R R,Grady N.Wear of railway contact wires against current collector materials[J].Wear,1998,215(1):146-155.
[32]Wu S,Li T X,Yan T,et al.High performance form-stable expanded graphite/stearic acid composite phase change material for modular thermal energy storage[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,102:733-744.
[33]Ichikawa K,Achikita M.Electric Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Carbide Dispersion-Strengthened Copper Prepared by Compocasting[J].Materials Transactions,1993,34(8):718-724.
[34]Kulasa J,Malec W,Juszczyk B,et al.Microstructure and tribological properties of tin bronze-graphite composites made by stir casting[J].Metalurgija,2016,55(1):19-21.
[35]Kong B,Fan T,Ru J.Improved wetting and thermal properties of graphite-Cu composite by Cr-solution immersion method[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2016,65:191-197.
[36]Gan J A,Berndt C C.Nanocomposite coatings:thermal spray processing,microstructure and performance[J].International Materials Reviews,2015,60(4):195-244.
[37]Yin Z J,Wang S B,Fuwei,et al.Evolution and Prospect of Thermal Spraying Technique[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2011,26(3):225-232.
[38]Adams D P.Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition:A critical review[J].Thin Solid Films,2015,576:98-128.
[39]Sun Z,Yan Z,Yao J,et al.Growth of graphene from solid carbon sources[J].Nature,2010,468(7323):549-552.
[40]Reina A,Jia X,Ho J,et al.Large area,few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition[J].Nano letters,2009,9(1):30-35.
[41]Kim K S,Zhao Y,Jang H,et al.Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes[J].Nature,2009,457(7230):706.
[42]支龙,王耀华,谭业发.青铜-石墨复合粉末热喷涂层的干滑动摩擦磨损性能[J].机械工程材料,2005,29(1):46-48.
[43]Lungu C P,Iwasaki K.Influence of surface morphology on the tribological properties of silver-graphite overlays[J].Vacuum,2002,66(s 3-4):385-390.
[44]Bo L,Zhang G.Electrical Sliding Tribological Behavior of Cu/Ag/Graphite Composite Coating[J].Rare Metal Materials&Engineering,2016,45(8):1961-1966.
[45]张鹏,杜云慧,曾大本,等.铜-石墨复合材料的半固态铸造研究[J].复合材料学报,2002(1):41-45.
[46]Zhang X,Dong P,Chen Y,et al.Fabrication and tribological properties of copper matrix composite with short carbon fiber/reduced graphene oxide filler[J].Tribology International,2016,103:406-411.
[47]冉旭,黄显峰,段利利,等.铜-石墨复合材料的摩擦学性能和磨损机理[J].材料导报,2012,26(8):33-38.
[48]Magini M,Iasonna A.Energy Transfer in Mechanical Alloying[J].Materials Transactions,JIM,1995,36(2):123-133.
[49]王发展,许云华,张晖,等.用区熔法制备Cu/C复合材料[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2000,32(4):376-378,392.
[50]He D H,Manory R.A novel electrical contact material with improved self-lubrication for railway current collectors[J].Wear,2001,249(7):626-636.
[51]刘德波,张萍.载流条件下铜-石墨复合材料摩擦学性能研究[J].铸造技术,2016,37(7):1338-1341.
[52]王悔改,上官宝,陈慧敏,等.有无电流条件下石墨自润滑铜基粉末冶金材料的摩擦磨损行为研究[J].铸造技术,2009,30(11):1409-1413.
[53]Rohatgi P K,Ray S,Liu Y.Tribological properties of metal matrix-graphite particle composites[J].International Materials Reviews,1992,37(1):129-152.