薄壁铜管固定芯头拉拔和游动芯头拉拔的对比分析
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摘要
为提高薄壁铜管拉拔后的成形质量,探讨不同拉拔工艺对薄壁铜管成形性能的影响,利用有限元软件MARC分别对两种拉拔成形工艺建立有限元模型,对比分析薄壁铜管固定芯头拉拔和游动芯头拉拔对拉拔力、铜管拉拔后等效应力、应变和残余应力的影响。结果表明:在相同工艺参数下,与固定芯头拉拔相比,游动芯头拉拔所需拉拔力明显更小,等效应力也相对更小,等效应变相等,残余应力在轴向和周向更小,且分布更均匀,在径向都趋近于0。在不考虑其他因素下,游动芯头拉拔更有助于提高薄壁铜管的产品质量。
In order to improve the forming quality of thin-walled copper tube after drawing,the influences of different drawing processes on formability of thin-walled copper tube were studied. Then,the finite element models for two kinds of drawing processes were established by finite element software MARC,and the influences of fixed-mandrel drawing and floating-mandrel drawing for the thin-walled copper tube on drawing force,equivalent stress and strain and residual stress after drawing were comparatively analyzed. The results show that under the same process parameters,comparing with the fixed-mandrel drawing,the floating-mandrel drawing requires smaller drawing force,the equivalent stress is relatively smaller with equal equivalent strain,the residual stresses along the axial and circumferential directions are smaller and more uniform distribution,and the residual stresses in the radial direction are close to 0. However,the floating-mandrel drawing is helpful to improve the product quality of thin-wall copper tube without considering other factors.
In order to improve the forming quality of thin-walled copper tube after drawing,the influences of different drawing processes on formability of thin-walled copper tube were studied. Then,the finite element models for two kinds of drawing processes were established by finite element software MARC,and the influences of fixed-mandrel drawing and floating-mandrel drawing for the thin-walled copper tube on drawing force,equivalent stress and strain and residual stress after drawing were comparatively analyzed. The results show that under the same process parameters,comparing with the fixed-mandrel drawing,the floating-mandrel drawing requires smaller drawing force,the equivalent stress is relatively smaller with equal equivalent strain,the residual stresses along the axial and circumferential directions are smaller and more uniform distribution,and the residual stresses in the radial direction are close to 0. However,the floating-mandrel drawing is helpful to improve the product quality of thin-wall copper tube without considering other factors.
引文
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[3]胡龙飞,刘全坤,王强,等.固定短芯棒拔管残余应力分布规律研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2008,16(1):89-93.Hu L F,Liu Q K,Wang Q,et al.Study of residual stress in pipe drawing process with fixed mandrel[J].Materials Science and Technology,2008,16(1):89-93.
[4]朱宝辉,郭胜利,赵学平.拉拔铍铜管材残余应力的有限元分析[J].重型机械,2007,(5):49-52.Zhu B H,Guo S L,Zhao X P.Finite element analysis of the residual stress of beryllium bronze tube after drawing process[J].Heavy Machinery,2007,(5):49-52.
[5]陈丽文,郭胜利,崔冰艳.铍铜管固定短芯头拉拔外模半锥角的优化[J].机械工程材料,2008,32(8):82-85.Chen L W,Guo S L,Cui B Y.Optimization of half-cone angle of external mold in pulling of fixed short rod of beryllium bronze tubing[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2008,32(8):82-85.
[6]臧勇,张新其,谢志伟.薄壁铜管游动芯头拉拔过程拉拔力影响因素分析[J].塑性工程学报,2010,17(3):143-147.Zang Y,Zhang X Q,Xie Z W.Analysis on the influence factors of drawing force in the floating plug drawing process of thin-walled copper tube[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2010,17(3):143-147.
[7]刘劲松,陈大勇,张士宏.基于数值模拟的TP2铜管三联拉工艺优化[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(2):458-465.Liu J S,Chen D Y,Zhang S H.Optimization of triple TP2 copper tube drawing process based on numerical simulation[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(2):458-465.
[8]申卫华,刘化民,张士宏.铜管游动芯头拉拔道次优化的弹塑性有限元模拟[J].锻压技术,2005,30(3):39-42.Shen W H,Liu H M,Zhang S H.Drawing pass optimization of copper tubes with floating plug by elastic-plastic FEM method[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2005,30(3):39-42.
[9]姬卫东.游动芯头拉拔模具受力和温度分布的数值模拟[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2009,30(22):92-93.Ji W D.Numerical simulation of the force and temperature distribution of the die for drawing dies[J].Inner Mongolia Science Technology&Economy,2009,30(22):92-93.
[10]赵天章,张士宏,张凌云,等.残余应力影响冷拉拔钢丝强度梯度的数值仿真[J].塑性工程学报,2016,23(5):96-102.Zhao T Z,Zhang S H,Zhang L Y,et al.Numerical simulation on influence of residual stress on strength gradient in cold drawn steel wire[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2016,23(5):96-102.
[11]洛阳铜加工厂.游动芯头拉伸铜管[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1975.Luoyang Copper Processing Factory.Floating Plug Drawing Tube[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1975.