北祁连银灿铜锌矿床有关火山岩年代学及地球化学研究
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摘要
银灿矿床位于北祁连造山带中段冷龙岭火山岩带内,是一个以铜锌矿化为主的一个小型矿床,含矿岩系为阴沟群的玄武岩-流纹岩组合,矿化主要赋存在双峰式火山岩的流纹岩中。矿体在空间上具有明显分带,自下而上分为Zn→Cu-Zn→Cu→Fe矿体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得玄武岩和流纹岩的年龄分别为457.0±9.1Ma和467.8±6.7Ma,表明银灿矿床成岩成矿时代为中奥陶世。地球化学数据显示,玄武岩属于拉斑玄武岩系列,低TiO_2(0.22%~0.25%),高镁(MgO=10.83%~14.17%,Mg#=68~73)、Cr(974×10~(-6)~1110×10~(-6))、Ni(219×10~(-6)~291×10~(-6)),微量元素蛛网图明显亏损Nb,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈左倾型;流纹岩属于低钾拉斑系列,亏损Th、Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti,可能起源于地壳岩石的部分熔融,二者显示出洋内岛弧的双峰式火山岩特征,形成于北祁连洋俯冲作用引发的岛弧裂谷环境。矿床的硫同位素组成具有幔源岩浆硫和海水还原硫的混合特征(δ34S介于+4.3‰~+8.7‰)。银灿矿区的水岩反应较弱,导致循环对流热液体系从岩石中溶滤出的金属成矿物质较少,这可能是银灿矿床规模不大的重要原因。
The Yincan deposit,located in the middle part of North Qilian Mountains,is a small-sized Cu-Zn ore deposit occurring in the Lenglonglin volcanic rock belt.Ore-bearing rocks consist of basalt-rhyolite association of the Yingou Group,with mineralization occurring in bimodal rhyolitic volcanic rocks.Spatially,orebodies show well developed zonation,from the lower part upward,gradual change from Zn→Cu-Zn→Cu→Fe orebody.Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating yielded concordant ages of 454.0±2.0 Ma and 417.7±1.7 Ma for basalt and rhyolite,respectively,indicating that the Yincan deposit formed in Middle Ordovician.Geochemical data show that the basalt belongs to sub-alkaline tholeiite because of low TiO_2(0.22%～0.25%),high MgO(10.83%～14.17%,Mg#=68～73),Cr(974×10~(-6)～1110×10~(-6)),Ni(219×10~(-6)～291×10~(-6)).Trace element primitive mantle-normalized spidergram shows a distinct loss of Nb,and REE chondrite-normalized diagram shows a left-dipping pattern.The rhyolite belongs to the lowK tholeiitic series and is depleted in Th,Nb,Ta,Sr and Ti,probably generated by partial melting of the crust rocks.The both volcanic rocks show characteristic of bimodal volcanic rocks and formed in the island arc rifting environment triggered by slab subduction of North Qilian ocean.Theδ34 S compositions(+4.3‰～+8.7‰)of the ore deposit show the mixing features of mantle-driven magmatic sulfur and seawater reduced sulfur.The weak water-rock reaction in the Yincan deposit led to a less amount of metal materials leached from volcanic rocks.This may be one important reason for the small size of the Yincan deposit.
The Yincan deposit,located in the middle part of North Qilian Mountains,is a small-sized Cu-Zn ore deposit occurring in the Lenglonglin volcanic rock belt.Ore-bearing rocks consist of basalt-rhyolite association of the Yingou Group,with mineralization occurring in bimodal rhyolitic volcanic rocks.Spatially,orebodies show well developed zonation,from the lower part upward,gradual change from Zn→Cu-Zn→Cu→Fe orebody.Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating yielded concordant ages of 454.0±2.0 Ma and 417.7±1.7 Ma for basalt and rhyolite,respectively,indicating that the Yincan deposit formed in Middle Ordovician.Geochemical data show that the basalt belongs to sub-alkaline tholeiite because of low TiO_2(0.22%～0.25%),high MgO(10.83%～14.17%,Mg#=68～73),Cr(974×10~(-6)～1110×10~(-6)),Ni(219×10~(-6)～291×10~(-6)).Trace element primitive mantle-normalized spidergram shows a distinct loss of Nb,and REE chondrite-normalized diagram shows a left-dipping pattern.The rhyolite belongs to the lowK tholeiitic series and is depleted in Th,Nb,Ta,Sr and Ti,probably generated by partial melting of the crust rocks.The both volcanic rocks show characteristic of bimodal volcanic rocks and formed in the island arc rifting environment triggered by slab subduction of North Qilian ocean.Theδ34 S compositions(+4.3‰～+8.7‰)of the ore deposit show the mixing features of mantle-driven magmatic sulfur and seawater reduced sulfur.The weak water-rock reaction in the Yincan deposit led to a less amount of metal materials leached from volcanic rocks.This may be one important reason for the small size of the Yincan deposit.
引文
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Franklin J M,Sangster D F,Lydon J W.1981.Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits.Economic Geology,(75th Anniv):485~627.
Frey F A,Prinz M.1978.Ultramafic inclusions from San Carlos,Arizona:Petrologic and geochemical data bearing on their petrogenesis.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,38(1):129~176.
Gamble J A,Wright I C,Woodhead J D.1995.Arc and back-arc geochemistry in the southern Kermadec arc-Ngatoro Basin and offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone,SW Pacific.In:Smellie JL.ed.Volcanism Associated with Extension at Consuming Plate Margins.Geol.Soc.Special Publication,193~212.
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Guo Zhouping,Zhao Xinmin,Bai Yun,Zhang Jiangwei,Kong Huilei.2015.Zircon U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os dating of the Langlike copper deposit in North Qilian and its geological implications.Geology China,42(3):691~701(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Irvine T N,Baragar W R A.1971.A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks.Can Earth Sci.8:523~548.
Jia Jian,Yang Hequn,Zhao Guobin,Xie Xie,Ren Huaning,Jiang Hanbing,Tan Wenjuan.2015.The geological significance for geochemical composition analysis of marine volcanic rock from DaCha-Daban areain North Qilian Mountains.Northwestern Geology,48(4):30~36.(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang Fuzhi.2001.Bimodal volcanic association and massive sulfide deposits.Mineral Deposits,20(4):331~338(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Zhao,Chen Yuelong,Liu Changzheng,Gu Yuan,Li Dapeng.2016.Formation and evolution history on the Northern Qilian orogen:the evidence from compositions of river’sediments and their zircon U-Pb ages,Hf isotopic compositions.Acta geologica sinica,90(2):267~282(in Chinese with English abstract)Liu Jiannan,Xiao Keyan,Chen Fenghe.2016.Ore-forming characteristics and resource potential analysis of the Qilianmetallogenic belt.Acta geologica sinica,90(7):1413~1422(in Chinese with English abstract)Macdonald R,Hawkesworth C J,Heath E.2000.The Lesser Antilles volcanic chain a study in arc magmatism.Earth Sci.Rev.,49(1-4):1~76.
Middlemost E A K.1989.Iron oxidation tatios,norms and the classification of volcanic rocks.Chem Geol.,77:19~26.
Pearce J A,Harris N B W,Tindle A G.1984.Trace element discirimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks.J.Petrol.,25:956~983.
Peccerillo R,Taylor S R.1976.Geochemistry of Eocene calcalkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area,Northern Turkey.Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,58:63~81.
Rapp R P,Shimizu N,Norman M D.1999.Reaction between slabderived melts and peridotite in the mantle wedge:experimental constraints at 3.8GPa.Chemical Geology,160(4):335~356.
Roberts M P,Clemens J D.1993.Origin of high-potassium,calcalkaline,I-type granitoids.Geology,21:825~828.
Sangster D F,Scott S D.1976.Precambrian statabound massive CuZn-Pb sulfide deposits of North America.In:Wolf K A eds.Handbook of Strata-Bound and Stratiform Ore Deposits.Amsterdam:Elsevier,129~222.
Stanton R L.1994.Ore elements in arc lavas.Oxford:Oxford Science Publication,1~391.
Stoltz A J,Large R R.1992.Evaluation of the source control on precious metal grades in volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits from western Tasmania.Economic Geology,87:720~738.
Sun S S,McDonough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematic of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes.Geological Society,London,Special publication,42(1):313~345.
Taylor H P.1997.Oxygen and hydrogen isotope relationships in hydrothermal mineral deposits.In:Barnes H L.ed.Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits.Jonn Wiley&Sons.Inc.229~302.
Wang Zhonggang,Yu Xueyuan,Zhao Zhenhua.1989.Geochemistry of rare earth elements.Beijing:Science Press,133~212(in Chinese).
Whalen J B,Currie K L,Chappell B W.1987.A-type granites:geochemical characteristics,discrimination and petrogenesis.Contrib Mineral Petrol.,95:407~419.
Whitney J A.1984.Volatiles in magmatic systems.Economic Geology,1:155~175.
Wilson M.1989.Igneous petrogenesis.London:Unwin Hyman,101~149.
Winchester J A,Floyd P A.1997.Geochemical discrimination of different magmas series and their differentiation products using immobile elements.Chem Geol,20:325~343.
Wu Jieren,Ren Bingchen,Huang Yuchun.1994.The massive sulfide deposits in the oceanic volcanic rocks areas of Northwest.Wuhan:Geol.Pub.China Univ.Geosci.(in Chinese).
Xia Linqi,Xia Zuchun,Ren Yongxiang,Xu Xueyi,Yang Hequn,Li Zhipei,Yang Jianguo,Li Wenyuan,Zhao Donghong,Song Zongbao,Li Xiangmin,Yu Pusheng.2001.Tectonic-volcanicly magmatic-metallogenic dynamics of North Qilian Mountains.Earth Publish House,1~288(in Chinese).
Xia Linqi,Xia Zuchun,Xu Xueyi,Li Xiangmin,Ma Zhongping.2007.The discrimination between continental basalt and island arc basalt based on geochemical method.Acta Petrologica Et Mineralogica,26(1):77~89(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Xueyi,Li Xiangmin,Wang Hongliang.2008.1:1 million Geological background map and instructions of Qilian Mountains and its adjacent areas.Earth Publish House,1~25(in Chinese).
Yang Hequn,Song Zhongbao,Wang Xingan,Li Wenming,Li Changan,Zhao Donghong.2002.The characteristics,mineralization and prospecting indications of Cyprus-type copper deposits in mid-west section of the North Qilian mountains,China.Northwestern Geology,35(4):65~85(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang K,Scott S D.1996.Possible contribution of a metal rich magmatic fluid to a sea floor hydrothermal system.Nature,38(3):420~423.
Yang K,Scott S D.2002.Magmatic degassing of volatiles and ore metals into a hydrothermal system on the modern sea floor of the eastern Manus back-arc basin,western Pacific.Economic Geology,97:1079~1100.
Yi Pengfei,Zhang Yafeng,Zhang Geli,Yang Tao,Yao Zheng,Li Qi,Gao Haifeng.2017.LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb ages,geochemical characteristics of Zaomulan granitic pluton in Southern Qinling orogenic belt and their geological implications.Geological Review,63(6):1497~1511(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yu Jiyuan,Li Xiangmin,Ma Zhongping,Wang Guoqiang,Wu Peng.2010.Geochemical Characters and LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Dating of the Lenglongling Volcanic Rocks,Tectonic Belt of the North Qilian.Geological Science and Technology Information,29(4):6~13(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Erpeng.1998.Regional strata of Northwest China.Beijing:Science Press,1~70(in Chinese).
甘肃省地质矿产局.1997.甘肃省岩石地层.中国地质大学出版社.3~65.
郭周平,赵辛敏,白赟,张江伟,孔会磊.2015.北祁连浪力克铜矿床锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义.中国地质,42(3):691~701.
贾健,杨合群,赵国斌,谢燮,任华宁,姜寒冰,谭文娟.2015.北祁连大岔-大坂一带海相火山岩化学成分图解及地质意义.西北地质,48(4):30~36.
姜福芝.2001.双峰式火山岩与块状硫化物矿床.矿床地质,20(4):331~338.
李兆,陈岳龙,刘长征,古远,李大鹏.2016.北祁连的形成与演化历史:来自河流沉积物地球化学及其碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成的证据.地质学报,90(2):267~282.
刘建楠,肖克炎,陈风河.2016.祁连成矿带成矿特征与资源潜力分析.地质学报,90(7):1413~1422.
青海省地质科学研究所.1989.青海省北祁连早古生代火山活动及其成矿作用.
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