广西清明山铜镍硫化物矿床上升气流微粒研究
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摘要
为探讨上升气流微粒与深部隐伏矿体之间关系,在广西清明山铜镍硫化物矿床上方土壤中采集上升气流微粒,并采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对微粒的形貌、大小、聚合状态、化学组分及结构等进行分析。结果表明,微粒主要由Cu、Co、Zn、Fe、Ca、Si、S等元素组成,其中成矿元素Cu、Co以自然Cu-Fe-Co、Zn-Fe-Co及Fe-Co合金微粒的形式存在,其余如Fe、Ca、Si、S等元素则以氢氧化物、氧化物及碳酸盐微粒形式存在。微粒可分为微粒聚合体及单个微粒,微粒的大小为50~500nm,微粒的形状多为不规则状、近椭圆形、近球状、水滴状和近长方体等。微粒中高含量的Cu、Co、Zn来源于深部隐伏矿体,含Fe、S微粒来源于矿床中金属硫化物矿物。此外,高价态的微粒组分指示微粒处于相对氧化的环境。清明山铜镍硫化物矿床的上升气流微粒组分与矿床矿物组分间存在着较好的对应性,本研究为隐伏铜镍硫化物矿床提供了新的找矿方法。
In order to explore the relationship between particles carried by ascending gas flow and concealed ore bodies,particles carried by ascending gas flow were collected in the soil above Qingmingshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Guangxi Province. The morphology,size,aggregation,chemical component and structure were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy( TEM).The results reveal that particles are mainly composed of Cu,Co,Zn,Fe,Ca,Si and S,the ore-forming elements like Cu and Co may be in the form of natural Cu-Fe-Co,Zn-Fe-Co and Fe-Co alloy,the others like Fe,Ca,Si and S are mainly in the form of hydroxide,oxide and carbonate. Particles can be divided into particle aggregations and individual particles,and sizes of particles range from 50 nm to 500 nm. The shapes of particles are irregular,nearly elliptical,nearly spherical,drop-shaped and nearly rectangle. The detection of Cu,Co,Zn-bearing particles with high element content shows that Cu,Co and Zn in particles are relevant to deep concealed ore body.Fe,S-bearing particles may come from metal sulfide minerals in the deposit. In addition,particles components with high valence state indicate that particles exist under the oxidation conditions. Particles carried by ascending gas flow in Qingmingshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit have a good correspondence with mineral component in the mine area,and this research may provide a new prospecting method for concealed Cu-Ni sulfide deposits.
In order to explore the relationship between particles carried by ascending gas flow and concealed ore bodies,particles carried by ascending gas flow were collected in the soil above Qingmingshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Guangxi Province. The morphology,size,aggregation,chemical component and structure were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy( TEM).The results reveal that particles are mainly composed of Cu,Co,Zn,Fe,Ca,Si and S,the ore-forming elements like Cu and Co may be in the form of natural Cu-Fe-Co,Zn-Fe-Co and Fe-Co alloy,the others like Fe,Ca,Si and S are mainly in the form of hydroxide,oxide and carbonate. Particles can be divided into particle aggregations and individual particles,and sizes of particles range from 50 nm to 500 nm. The shapes of particles are irregular,nearly elliptical,nearly spherical,drop-shaped and nearly rectangle. The detection of Cu,Co,Zn-bearing particles with high element content shows that Cu,Co and Zn in particles are relevant to deep concealed ore body.Fe,S-bearing particles may come from metal sulfide minerals in the deposit. In addition,particles components with high valence state indicate that particles exist under the oxidation conditions. Particles carried by ascending gas flow in Qingmingshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit have a good correspondence with mineral component in the mine area,and this research may provide a new prospecting method for concealed Cu-Ni sulfide deposits.
引文
Cao JJ.2009.A technique for detecting concealed deposits by combining geogas particle characteristics with element concentrations.Metal Mine,(2):1-4(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cao JJ,Hu RZ,Liang ZR and Peng ZL.2009.TEM observation of geogas-carried particles from the Changkeng concealed gold deposit,Guangdong Province,South China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,101(3):247-253
Cao JJ,Liu C,Xiong ZH and Qin TR.2010.Particles carried by ascending gas flow at the Tongchanghe copper mine,Guizhou Province,China.Science China(Earth Sciences),53(11):1647-1654
Cao JJ,Liu C,Zhang P,Li YP and Xiong ZH.2011.The characteristic of geogas particles from Daheishan basalt copper deposit in Huize County of Yunnan.Metal Mine,(6):113-115(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cao JJ.2012.Characteristics,formation and migration of the particles carried by ascending gas flow from the concealed metal deposits.Earth Science Frontiers,19(3):113-119(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cao JJ,Li YK,Jiang T and Hu G.2015.Sulfur-containing particles emitted by concealed sulfide ore deposits:An unknown source of sulfur-containing particles in the atmosphere.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(12):6959-6969
Dai DL,Cao JJ,Lai PX and Wu ZQ.2015.TEM study on particles transported by ascending gas flow in the Kaxiutata iron deposit,Inner Mongolia,North China.Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,15(4):255-271
Hu G,Cao JJ,Hopke PK and Holub RF.2015.Study of carbon-bearing particles in ascending geogas flows in the Dongshengmiao polymetallic pyrite deposit,Inner Mongolia,China.Resource Geology,65(1):13-26
Kristiansson K and Malmqvist L.1980.A new model mechanism for the transportation of radon through the ground.In:Proceedings of the50thAnnual International Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists.Houston,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2535-2565
Kristiansson K and Malmqvist L.1982.Evidence for nondiffusive transport of 86Rn in the ground and a new physical model for the transport.Geophysics,47(10):1444-1452
Kristiansson K,Malmqvist L and Persson W.1990.Geogas prospecting:A new tool in the search for concealed mineralizations.Endeavour,14(1):28-33
Liu C,Cao JJ and Ke HL.2011.Geogas characteristic of Yongshengde copper ores in the northeastern Yunnan,China.Geology of Chemical Minerals,33(4):201-207(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu JS,Yang ZJ,Yi LJ,Dou S,Kang YL and Yang LG.2010.Analysis of the geologic and geochemical characteristics and mineralization potential of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits associated with overflow basalt:Acase study of the Qingmingshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit,Guangxi Province.Geology and Exploration,46(4):687-697(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu YH,Ren TX,Wang MQ,Kong M and Lu YX.1995.Test results of geogas survey in hidden mining areas.Geological Exploration for Non-Ferrous Metals,4(6):355-360(in Chinese with English abstract)
Malmqvist L and Kristiansson K.1984.Experimental evidence for an ascending microflow of geogas in the ground.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,70(2):407-416
Tong CH,Li JC,Ge LQ and Yang FG.1997.Transportation of the oreforming matters by ascending gas flows in the crust and the mechanism of geogas prospecting.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,17(3):83-88(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tong CH and Li JC.1999.Ceogas prospecting and its mechanism in the search for deep-seated or concealed gold deposits.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,42(1):135-142(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tong CH,Li JC and Ge LQ.2002.A new form of elemental migration and its influence on geochemical environments.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,29(5):567-570(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang XQ,Xie XJ and Lu YX.1995.Dynamic collection of geogas and its preliminary application in search for concealed deposits.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,19(3):161-171(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wei XJ,Cao JJ,Holub RF,Hopke PK and Zhao SJ.2013.TEM study of geogas-transported nanoparticles from the Fankou lead-zinc deposit,Guangdong Province,South China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,128:124-135
Wu Q,Xu AZ,Dong DL and Tian BL.2003.Prospect for minerals by nanoscale minerals:The prospecting of hidden mineral resources with the carried nanoscale minerals by goegas.Coal geology&Exploration,31(4):9-12(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu ZH,Jin YF and Gu PD.1996.Principles of geogas survey and its application in geological exploration.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,20(4):259-264(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZJ,Liu JS,Ouyang YF and Yin LJ.2010.Geochemical characteristics and the metallogenic analysis of Qingmingshan basicultrabasic intrusion.Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,25(2):141-146(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZJ.2011.Geological,geochemical characteristics and prospecting prediction of Qingmingshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in northern Guangxi,China.Ph.D.Dissertation.Changsha:Central South University,1-167(in Chinese with English summary)
Yuan XL,Cao JJ,Lai PX,Wei XJ,Ke HL and Liu C.2011.The characteristics of geogas particles from basalt copper deposits in junction area of Yunnan and Guizhou Province.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,31(Suppl.1):909(in Chinese)
Zhou YZ,Zheng Y,Zeng CY and Liang J.2015.On the understanding of Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay metallogenic belt,South China.Earth Science Frontiers,22(2):1-6(in Chinese with English abstract)
曹建劲.2009.地气微粒特征和元素含量结合探测隐伏矿床技术.金属矿山,(2):1-4
曹建劲,刘昶,张鹏,李羿芃,熊志华.2011.云南会泽大黑山玄武岩铜矿床地气微粒特征.金属矿山,(6):113-115
曹建劲.2012.隐伏金属矿床上升气流微粒特征、形成及迁移.地学前缘,19(3):113-119
刘昶,曹建劲,柯红玲.2011.滇东北永胜得铜矿床地气微粒特征.化工矿产地质,33(4):201-207
刘继顺,杨振军,伊利军,豆松,康亚龙,杨立功.2010.与溢流性玄武岩有关的铜镍硫化物矿床地质地球学特征与成矿潜力分析---以广西罗城县清明山铜镍硫化物矿床为例.地质与勘探,46(4):687-697
刘应汉,任天祥,汪明启,孙牧,卢荫庥.1995.隐伏矿区地气测量试验及效果.有色金属矿产与勘查,4(6):355-360
童纯菡,李巨初,葛良全,杨凤根.1997.地壳内上升气流对物质的迁移及地气测量原理.矿物岩石,17(3):83-88
童纯菡,李巨初.1999.地气测量寻找深部隐伏金矿及其机理研究.地球物理学报,42(1):135-142
童纯菡,李巨初,葛良全.2002.一种新的元素迁移形式及其地球化学环境效应.成都理工学院学报,29(5):567-570
王学求,谢学锦,卢荫庥.1995.地气动态提取技术的研制及在寻找隐伏矿上的初步试验.物探与化探,19(3):161-171
武强,许爱忠,董东林,田宝霖.2003.纳米探矿---用地气携带的纳米物质勘查隐伏矿.煤田地质与勘探,31(4):9-12
伍宗华,金仰芬,古平.1996.地气测量的原理及其在地质勘查中的应用.物探与化探,20(4):259-264
杨振军,刘继顺,欧阳玉飞,尹利军.2010.桂林地区清明山基性-超基性岩体的地球化学特征及含矿性分析.地质找矿论丛,25(2):141-146
杨振军.2011.桂北清明山铜镍硫化物矿床地质地球化学特征及找矿预测.博士学位论文.长沙:中南大学,1-167
袁雪玲,曹建劲,赖佩欣,韦潇君,柯红玲,刘昶.2011.滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿床地气微粒特征.矿物学报,31(增刊):909
周永章,郑义,曾长育,梁锦.2015.关于钦-杭成矿带的若干认识.地学前缘,22(2):1-6
Cao JJ,Hu RZ,Liang ZR and Peng ZL.2009.TEM observation of geogas-carried particles from the Changkeng concealed gold deposit,Guangdong Province,South China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,101(3):247-253
Cao JJ,Liu C,Xiong ZH and Qin TR.2010.Particles carried by ascending gas flow at the Tongchanghe copper mine,Guizhou Province,China.Science China(Earth Sciences),53(11):1647-1654
Cao JJ,Liu C,Zhang P,Li YP and Xiong ZH.2011.The characteristic of geogas particles from Daheishan basalt copper deposit in Huize County of Yunnan.Metal Mine,(6):113-115(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cao JJ.2012.Characteristics,formation and migration of the particles carried by ascending gas flow from the concealed metal deposits.Earth Science Frontiers,19(3):113-119(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cao JJ,Li YK,Jiang T and Hu G.2015.Sulfur-containing particles emitted by concealed sulfide ore deposits:An unknown source of sulfur-containing particles in the atmosphere.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(12):6959-6969
Dai DL,Cao JJ,Lai PX and Wu ZQ.2015.TEM study on particles transported by ascending gas flow in the Kaxiutata iron deposit,Inner Mongolia,North China.Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,15(4):255-271
Hu G,Cao JJ,Hopke PK and Holub RF.2015.Study of carbon-bearing particles in ascending geogas flows in the Dongshengmiao polymetallic pyrite deposit,Inner Mongolia,China.Resource Geology,65(1):13-26
Kristiansson K and Malmqvist L.1980.A new model mechanism for the transportation of radon through the ground.In:Proceedings of the50thAnnual International Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists.Houston,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2535-2565
Kristiansson K and Malmqvist L.1982.Evidence for nondiffusive transport of 86Rn in the ground and a new physical model for the transport.Geophysics,47(10):1444-1452
Kristiansson K,Malmqvist L and Persson W.1990.Geogas prospecting:A new tool in the search for concealed mineralizations.Endeavour,14(1):28-33
Liu C,Cao JJ and Ke HL.2011.Geogas characteristic of Yongshengde copper ores in the northeastern Yunnan,China.Geology of Chemical Minerals,33(4):201-207(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu JS,Yang ZJ,Yi LJ,Dou S,Kang YL and Yang LG.2010.Analysis of the geologic and geochemical characteristics and mineralization potential of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits associated with overflow basalt:Acase study of the Qingmingshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit,Guangxi Province.Geology and Exploration,46(4):687-697(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu YH,Ren TX,Wang MQ,Kong M and Lu YX.1995.Test results of geogas survey in hidden mining areas.Geological Exploration for Non-Ferrous Metals,4(6):355-360(in Chinese with English abstract)
Malmqvist L and Kristiansson K.1984.Experimental evidence for an ascending microflow of geogas in the ground.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,70(2):407-416
Tong CH,Li JC,Ge LQ and Yang FG.1997.Transportation of the oreforming matters by ascending gas flows in the crust and the mechanism of geogas prospecting.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,17(3):83-88(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tong CH and Li JC.1999.Ceogas prospecting and its mechanism in the search for deep-seated or concealed gold deposits.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,42(1):135-142(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tong CH,Li JC and Ge LQ.2002.A new form of elemental migration and its influence on geochemical environments.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,29(5):567-570(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang XQ,Xie XJ and Lu YX.1995.Dynamic collection of geogas and its preliminary application in search for concealed deposits.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,19(3):161-171(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wei XJ,Cao JJ,Holub RF,Hopke PK and Zhao SJ.2013.TEM study of geogas-transported nanoparticles from the Fankou lead-zinc deposit,Guangdong Province,South China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,128:124-135
Wu Q,Xu AZ,Dong DL and Tian BL.2003.Prospect for minerals by nanoscale minerals:The prospecting of hidden mineral resources with the carried nanoscale minerals by goegas.Coal geology&Exploration,31(4):9-12(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu ZH,Jin YF and Gu PD.1996.Principles of geogas survey and its application in geological exploration.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,20(4):259-264(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZJ,Liu JS,Ouyang YF and Yin LJ.2010.Geochemical characteristics and the metallogenic analysis of Qingmingshan basicultrabasic intrusion.Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,25(2):141-146(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang ZJ.2011.Geological,geochemical characteristics and prospecting prediction of Qingmingshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in northern Guangxi,China.Ph.D.Dissertation.Changsha:Central South University,1-167(in Chinese with English summary)
Yuan XL,Cao JJ,Lai PX,Wei XJ,Ke HL and Liu C.2011.The characteristics of geogas particles from basalt copper deposits in junction area of Yunnan and Guizhou Province.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,31(Suppl.1):909(in Chinese)
Zhou YZ,Zheng Y,Zeng CY and Liang J.2015.On the understanding of Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay metallogenic belt,South China.Earth Science Frontiers,22(2):1-6(in Chinese with English abstract)
曹建劲.2009.地气微粒特征和元素含量结合探测隐伏矿床技术.金属矿山,(2):1-4
曹建劲,刘昶,张鹏,李羿芃,熊志华.2011.云南会泽大黑山玄武岩铜矿床地气微粒特征.金属矿山,(6):113-115
曹建劲.2012.隐伏金属矿床上升气流微粒特征、形成及迁移.地学前缘,19(3):113-119
刘昶,曹建劲,柯红玲.2011.滇东北永胜得铜矿床地气微粒特征.化工矿产地质,33(4):201-207
刘继顺,杨振军,伊利军,豆松,康亚龙,杨立功.2010.与溢流性玄武岩有关的铜镍硫化物矿床地质地球学特征与成矿潜力分析---以广西罗城县清明山铜镍硫化物矿床为例.地质与勘探,46(4):687-697
刘应汉,任天祥,汪明启,孙牧,卢荫庥.1995.隐伏矿区地气测量试验及效果.有色金属矿产与勘查,4(6):355-360
童纯菡,李巨初,葛良全,杨凤根.1997.地壳内上升气流对物质的迁移及地气测量原理.矿物岩石,17(3):83-88
童纯菡,李巨初.1999.地气测量寻找深部隐伏金矿及其机理研究.地球物理学报,42(1):135-142
童纯菡,李巨初,葛良全.2002.一种新的元素迁移形式及其地球化学环境效应.成都理工学院学报,29(5):567-570
王学求,谢学锦,卢荫庥.1995.地气动态提取技术的研制及在寻找隐伏矿上的初步试验.物探与化探,19(3):161-171
武强,许爱忠,董东林,田宝霖.2003.纳米探矿---用地气携带的纳米物质勘查隐伏矿.煤田地质与勘探,31(4):9-12
伍宗华,金仰芬,古平.1996.地气测量的原理及其在地质勘查中的应用.物探与化探,20(4):259-264
杨振军,刘继顺,欧阳玉飞,尹利军.2010.桂林地区清明山基性-超基性岩体的地球化学特征及含矿性分析.地质找矿论丛,25(2):141-146
杨振军.2011.桂北清明山铜镍硫化物矿床地质地球化学特征及找矿预测.博士学位论文.长沙:中南大学,1-167
袁雪玲,曹建劲,赖佩欣,韦潇君,柯红玲,刘昶.2011.滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿床地气微粒特征.矿物学报,31(增刊):909
周永章,郑义,曾长育,梁锦.2015.关于钦-杭成矿带的若干认识.地学前缘,22(2):1-6