铝灰中活性物相的反应行为
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摘要
采用XRD和SEM-EDS (微区分析)研究了铝灰的工艺矿物学以及其活性物相Al和AlN在水和氢氧化钠溶液中的反应行为。结果表明:铝灰中活性物相Al、AlN等含量较多,且AlN含量多于Al的。铝灰中Al多以球形颗粒单独存在,也常与Si嵌布形成合金;AlN以大颗粒块状或针状颗粒单独存在,也可与α-Al_2O_3共存;刚玉(α-Al_2O_3)存在的形态不一;NaCl大多单独聚集存在,少部分被包裹和分散。活性含铝物相Al和AlN在与水反应时,反应缓慢,反应率小;AlN比Al更易反应;Al与水反应生成的氢氧化铝包裹了Al颗粒,阻碍了反应进行。而与浓氢氧化钠溶液反应时,铝灰中的Al和AlN迅速发生化学反应,常温下0.5 h反应率均达到80%以上,并且Al比AlN更易反应。Si和SiO_2也会发生反应。同时,温度升高有利于Al和AlN与水或碱反应。
The mineralogy of aluminum dross and the reaction behavior of the active phase(Al and AlN) in water and sodium hydroxide solution were investigated by XRD and SEM-EDS(microanalysis).The results indicate that more Al and AlN occur in aluminum dross,and AlN content is more than Al content.Al exists alone as spherical particles or appears in Al-Si alloy.AlN can exist alone or co-exist with α-Al_2O_3 in the shape of large particles or needle-like particles,respectively,corundum(α-Al_2O_3) appearance is irregular.NaCl occurs alone or appears together with other phases,Al or Al N reacts with water slowly.AlN is more active compared with Al in water.Moreover,the formation of aluminum hydroxide on Al particle limits the reaction of Al in water.However,Al or Al N quickly reacts with the concentrated NaOH solution with reaction rate of above 80% at 25 ℃ for 0.5 h,Al reacts more quickly as comparison with AlN in Na OH solution.Meanwhile,Si and SiO_2 also react with the concentrated NaOH solution.In addition,elevating temperature promotes the reaction of AlN and Al in water or NaOH solution.
The mineralogy of aluminum dross and the reaction behavior of the active phase(Al and AlN) in water and sodium hydroxide solution were investigated by XRD and SEM-EDS(microanalysis).The results indicate that more Al and AlN occur in aluminum dross,and AlN content is more than Al content.Al exists alone as spherical particles or appears in Al-Si alloy.AlN can exist alone or co-exist with α-Al_2O_3 in the shape of large particles or needle-like particles,respectively,corundum(α-Al_2O_3) appearance is irregular.NaCl occurs alone or appears together with other phases,Al or Al N reacts with water slowly.AlN is more active compared with Al in water.Moreover,the formation of aluminum hydroxide on Al particle limits the reaction of Al in water.However,Al or Al N quickly reacts with the concentrated NaOH solution with reaction rate of above 80% at 25 ℃ for 0.5 h,Al reacts more quickly as comparison with AlN in Na OH solution.Meanwhile,Si and SiO_2 also react with the concentrated NaOH solution.In addition,elevating temperature promotes the reaction of AlN and Al in water or NaOH solution.
引文
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[16]KRNEL K,KOSMA?T.Protection of AlN powder against hydrolysis using aluminum dihydrogen phosphate[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2001,21(10):2075-2079.
[17]FUKUMOTO S,HOOKABE T,TSUBAKINO H.Hydrolysis behavior of aluminum nitride in various solutions[J].Journal of Materials Science,2000,35(11):2743-2748.
[18]张勇,郭朝晖,王硕,肖细元.响应曲面法对铝灰中AlN的水解行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(4):919-927.ZHANG Yong,GUO Zhao-hui,WANG Shuo,XIAO Xi-yuan.Hydrolysis behavior of AlN in aluminum dross with response surface methodology[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(4):919-927.
[19]HJ 536-2009.水质氨氮的测定水杨酸分光光度法[S].HJ 536-2009.Water quality-Determination of ammonia nitrogen-Salicylic acid spectrophotometry[S].
[20]LI X,XU X,ZHOU Q,QI T,LIU G,PENG Z,CUI Y,LI J.Ca3WO6 prepared by roasting tungsten-containing materials and its leaching performance[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2015,52:151-158.
[21]AL-JAROUDI S S,UL-HAMID A,MOHAMMED A R I,SALIH S.Use of X-ray powder diffraction for quantitative analysis of carbonate rock reservoir samples[J].Powder Technology,2007,175(3):115-121.
[2]郭学益,李菲,田庆华,计坤.二次铝灰低温碱性熔炼研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012(3):809-814.GUO Xue-yi,LI Fei,TIAN Qing-hua,JI Kun.Recovery of aluminium from secondary aluminum dross using low-temperature alkaline smelting[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012(3):809-814.
[3]MANFREDI O,WUTH W,BOHLINGER I.Characterizing the physical and chemical properties of aluminum dross[J].JOM,1997,49(11):48-51.
[4]FUKUMOTO S,HOOKABE T,TSUBAKINO H.Reaction between aluminum and water[J].Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals,1998,48(4):199-203.
[5]张庆建,丁仕兵,冯丽丽,宋飞,管嵩,郭兵.X射线技术在铝灰分析中的应用[J].分析测试学报,2012,31(s1):219-221.ZHANG Qing-jian,DING Shi-bing,FENG Li-li,SONG Fei,GUAN Song,GUO Bing.Application of X-ray techinque in analysis of aluminium dross[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2012,31(s1):219-221.
[6]吴龙,胡天麒,郝以党.铝灰综合利用工艺技术进展[J].有色金属工程,2016,6(6):45-49.WU Long,HU Tian-lin,HAO Yi-dang.Progress of utilization technology for aluminum ash[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2016,6(6):45-49.
[7]柴登鹏,周云峰,李昌林,汪艳芳,刘卓.铝灰综合回收利用的国内外技术现状及趋势[J].轻金属,2015(6):1-4.CHAI Deng-peng,ZHOU Yun-feng,LI Chang-lin,WANGYan-fang,LIU Zhuo.The technology status and trends of comprehensive recovery and utilization of aluminum dross both at home and abroad[J].Light Metals,2015(6):1-4.
[8]üNL N,DROUET M G.Comparison of salt-free aluminum dross treatment processes[J].Resources Conservation&Recycling,2002,36(1):61-72.
[9]YOSHIMURA H N,ABREU A P,MOLISANI A L,DECAMARGO A C,PORTELA J C S,NARITA N E.Evaluation of aluminum dross waste as raw material for refractories[J].Ceramics International,2008,34(3):581-591.
[10]EWAIS E M M,KHALIL N M,AMIN M S,AHMED Y M Z,BARAKAT M A.Utilization of aluminum sludge and aluminum slag(dross)for the manufacture of calcium aluminate cement[J].Ceramics International,2009,35(8):3381-3388.
[11]LUCHEVA B,TSONEV T,PETKOV R.Non-waste aluminum dross recycling[J].Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy,2005,40(4):335-338.
[12]张宁燕,宁平,谢天鉴,段刚.铝灰有价组分回收及综合利用研究进展[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(6):1951-1956.ZHANG Ning-yan,NING Ping,XIE Tian-jian,DUAN Gang.Research progress on recycling and comprehensive utilization of aluminum dross[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2017,36(6):1951-1956.
[13]李菲,郭学益,田庆华.二次铝灰制备α-Al2O3工艺[J].北京科技大学学报,2012,34(4):383-389.LI Fei,GUO Xue-yi,TIAN Qing-hua.Preparation process ofα-Al2O3 from secondary aluminium dross[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2012,34(4):383-389.
[14]姜澜,邱明放,丁友东,苏楠,姚泉.铝灰中AlN的水解行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(12):3555-3561.JIANG Lan,QIU Ming-fang,DING You-dong,SU Nan,YAOQuan.Hydrolysis behavior of AlN in aluminum dross[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(12):3555-3561.
[15]SVEDBERG L M,ARNDT K C,CIMA M J.Corrosion of aluminum nitride(AlN)in aqueous cleaning solutions[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2010,83(1):41-46.
[16]KRNEL K,KOSMA?T.Protection of AlN powder against hydrolysis using aluminum dihydrogen phosphate[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2001,21(10):2075-2079.
[17]FUKUMOTO S,HOOKABE T,TSUBAKINO H.Hydrolysis behavior of aluminum nitride in various solutions[J].Journal of Materials Science,2000,35(11):2743-2748.
[18]张勇,郭朝晖,王硕,肖细元.响应曲面法对铝灰中AlN的水解行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(4):919-927.ZHANG Yong,GUO Zhao-hui,WANG Shuo,XIAO Xi-yuan.Hydrolysis behavior of AlN in aluminum dross with response surface methodology[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(4):919-927.
[19]HJ 536-2009.水质氨氮的测定水杨酸分光光度法[S].HJ 536-2009.Water quality-Determination of ammonia nitrogen-Salicylic acid spectrophotometry[S].
[20]LI X,XU X,ZHOU Q,QI T,LIU G,PENG Z,CUI Y,LI J.Ca3WO6 prepared by roasting tungsten-containing materials and its leaching performance[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2015,52:151-158.
[21]AL-JAROUDI S S,UL-HAMID A,MOHAMMED A R I,SALIH S.Use of X-ray powder diffraction for quantitative analysis of carbonate rock reservoir samples[J].Powder Technology,2007,175(3):115-121.