铲形杰氏涡虫(单肠目,达氏科)新纪录的形态学描述及其分子系统学分析
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摘要
本文对分布于广东省深圳市侨城湿地(113°58'E,22°31'N)咸淡水的一种单肠目Rhabdocoel涡虫进行了形态、发育及18S r DNA与28S r DNA分子系统学的分析与比较。结果表明,此涡虫为达氏科Dalyelliidae铲形杰氏涡虫Gieysztoria knipovici Beklemischev,1953,为中国新纪录种。该物种模式标本分布于欧洲黑海近岸。本研究详细描述了其外部形态与内部结构特征,首次发现该涡虫精巢超长,前端达咽部,后端至腹侧,呈长条形(该属涡虫2个精巢呈球形或椭圆形,位于肠后腹侧);除了骨质阴茎之外还具有可再生的骨质阴茎鞘。阴茎鞘位于骨质阴茎外侧,半包裹骨质阴茎,呈长条形骨质结构。交配后的个体常在交配囊内发现阴茎鞘1~5个。鉴于该物种特殊的形态学特征,其分类地位还有待进一步研究。
A species of the order Rhabdocoela( Dalyelliidae,Gieysztoria) was collected from a brackish-water wetland( 113°58'E,22°31'N) of the Overseas Chinese Town in Shenzhen city,Guangdong province. The morphology,individual development as well as 18 S r DNA and 28 S r DNA phylogenesis of the species were analyzed. The results suggested that the present species is Gieysztoria knipovici Beklemischev,1953,belonging to the family Dalyelliidae,as a newly recorded species in China. The type specimen was collected from the coast of Black Sea with the only description of its stylet features by Beklemischev( 1953). For the first time,the following features were reported in this study: 1) extremely long testes were located in the ventral side of body,between the anterior vitellarium and the posterior intestine; 2) apart from the sclerotic stylet,a reproducible sclerotic structure and elongated penis sheath were found to be located in the outer edge of the stylet,covering half of the stylet; 3) 1 to 5 penis sheaths were found in bursa copulatrix of the individual after mating. Given the special morphological characters of G. knipovici,its classification warrants further studies.
A species of the order Rhabdocoela( Dalyelliidae,Gieysztoria) was collected from a brackish-water wetland( 113°58'E,22°31'N) of the Overseas Chinese Town in Shenzhen city,Guangdong province. The morphology,individual development as well as 18 S r DNA and 28 S r DNA phylogenesis of the species were analyzed. The results suggested that the present species is Gieysztoria knipovici Beklemischev,1953,belonging to the family Dalyelliidae,as a newly recorded species in China. The type specimen was collected from the coast of Black Sea with the only description of its stylet features by Beklemischev( 1953). For the first time,the following features were reported in this study: 1) extremely long testes were located in the ventral side of body,between the anterior vitellarium and the posterior intestine; 2) apart from the sclerotic stylet,a reproducible sclerotic structure and elongated penis sheath were found to be located in the outer edge of the stylet,covering half of the stylet; 3) 1 to 5 penis sheaths were found in bursa copulatrix of the individual after mating. Given the special morphological characters of G. knipovici,its classification warrants further studies.
引文
赖晓婷,卢彦宏,汪安泰.2013.杰氏涡虫属一新种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏科)[J].动物分类学报,38(2):251-256.
容粗徨,刘旭坤,赵佳琪,等.2016.达氏科(扁形动物门,单肠目)涡虫二新种[J].四川动物,35(1):97-103.
孙婷,何一,方楚玉,等.2016.华南常见涡虫类群的的分布与鉴别[J].生物学通报,51(3):47-51.
汪安泰,邓利.2006.杰氏涡虫属一新种及中国一新纪录种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏科)[J].动物分类学报,31(1):120-124.
汪安泰,吴海龙.2005.达氏科中国一新纪录属一新种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏亚目)[J].动物分类学报,30(3):516-519.
汪安泰.2004.中国涡虫一新纪录科达氏涡虫属一新种(单肠目,达氏科)[J].动物分类学报,29(4):697-699.
Beklemischev VN.1953.Ciliated worms(Turbellaria)of the Caspian Sea.I.Rhabdocoela(with some remarks on Rhabdocoea of Aral)[J].Byull Mosk Ovskobs lsp Prirody,58:35-45.
Cinar ME.2014.Checklist of the phyla Platyhelminthes,Xenacoelomorpha,Nematoda,Acanthocephala,Myxozoa,Tardigrada,Cephalorhyncha,Nemertea,Echiura,Brachiopoda,Phoronida,Chaetognatha,and Chordata(Tunicata,Cephalochordata,and Hemichordata)from the coasts of Turkey[J].Turkish Journal of Zoology,38(6):698-722.
Lu YH,Wu CC,Xia XJ,et al.2013.Two new species of Gieysztoria(Platyhelminthes,Rhabdocoela,Dalyelliidae)from a freshwater artificial lake in Shenzhen,China[J].Zootaxa,3745(5):569-578.
Luther A.1955.Die Dalyelliiden(Turbellaria,Neorhabdocoela)Eine Monographie[J].Acta Zoologica Fennica,87:1-337.
Nakano H.2015.What is Xenoturbella?[J].Zoological Letters,1:22.
Perea-Atienza E,Gavilan B,Chiodin M,et al.2015.The nervous system of Xenacoelomorpha:a genomic perspective[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,218(4):618-628.
Philippe H,Brinkmann H,Copley RR,et al.2011.Acoelomorph flatworms are deuterostomes related to Xenoturbella[J].Nature,470(7333):255-258.
Rhode K.1986.Ultrastructural studies of Austramphilina elongata(Cestoda,Amphilinidea)[J].Zoomorphology,106(2):91-102.
Van Steenkiste N,Tessens B,Willems W,et al.2013.A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Dalytyphloplanida(Platyhelminthes:Rhabdocoela)reveals multiple escapes from the marine environment and origins of symbiotic relationships[J].PLoS ONE,8(3):1-13.
Xia XJ,Lu YH,Wang AT.2014.A new species of Aequales,germs Gieysztoria(Rhabdocoela:Dalyelliidae)from China[J].Zoological Systematics,39(2):229-235.
Zhang H,Li YK,Wu CC,et al.2014.Two new species of the genus Gieysztoria(Rhabdocoela:Dalyelliidae)from China[J].Zoological Systematics,39(4):485-495.
容粗徨,刘旭坤,赵佳琪,等.2016.达氏科(扁形动物门,单肠目)涡虫二新种[J].四川动物,35(1):97-103.
孙婷,何一,方楚玉,等.2016.华南常见涡虫类群的的分布与鉴别[J].生物学通报,51(3):47-51.
汪安泰,邓利.2006.杰氏涡虫属一新种及中国一新纪录种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏科)[J].动物分类学报,31(1):120-124.
汪安泰,吴海龙.2005.达氏科中国一新纪录属一新种(扁形动物门,单肠目,达氏亚目)[J].动物分类学报,30(3):516-519.
汪安泰.2004.中国涡虫一新纪录科达氏涡虫属一新种(单肠目,达氏科)[J].动物分类学报,29(4):697-699.
Beklemischev VN.1953.Ciliated worms(Turbellaria)of the Caspian Sea.I.Rhabdocoela(with some remarks on Rhabdocoea of Aral)[J].Byull Mosk Ovskobs lsp Prirody,58:35-45.
Cinar ME.2014.Checklist of the phyla Platyhelminthes,Xenacoelomorpha,Nematoda,Acanthocephala,Myxozoa,Tardigrada,Cephalorhyncha,Nemertea,Echiura,Brachiopoda,Phoronida,Chaetognatha,and Chordata(Tunicata,Cephalochordata,and Hemichordata)from the coasts of Turkey[J].Turkish Journal of Zoology,38(6):698-722.
Lu YH,Wu CC,Xia XJ,et al.2013.Two new species of Gieysztoria(Platyhelminthes,Rhabdocoela,Dalyelliidae)from a freshwater artificial lake in Shenzhen,China[J].Zootaxa,3745(5):569-578.
Luther A.1955.Die Dalyelliiden(Turbellaria,Neorhabdocoela)Eine Monographie[J].Acta Zoologica Fennica,87:1-337.
Nakano H.2015.What is Xenoturbella?[J].Zoological Letters,1:22.
Perea-Atienza E,Gavilan B,Chiodin M,et al.2015.The nervous system of Xenacoelomorpha:a genomic perspective[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,218(4):618-628.
Philippe H,Brinkmann H,Copley RR,et al.2011.Acoelomorph flatworms are deuterostomes related to Xenoturbella[J].Nature,470(7333):255-258.
Rhode K.1986.Ultrastructural studies of Austramphilina elongata(Cestoda,Amphilinidea)[J].Zoomorphology,106(2):91-102.
Van Steenkiste N,Tessens B,Willems W,et al.2013.A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Dalytyphloplanida(Platyhelminthes:Rhabdocoela)reveals multiple escapes from the marine environment and origins of symbiotic relationships[J].PLoS ONE,8(3):1-13.
Xia XJ,Lu YH,Wang AT.2014.A new species of Aequales,germs Gieysztoria(Rhabdocoela:Dalyelliidae)from China[J].Zoological Systematics,39(2):229-235.
Zhang H,Li YK,Wu CC,et al.2014.Two new species of the genus Gieysztoria(Rhabdocoela:Dalyelliidae)from China[J].Zoological Systematics,39(4):485-495.