中国页岩油的形成和分布理论综述
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摘要
页岩油是指生成并滞留在烃源岩中,以游离或吸附状态赋存在地层微纳米级储集空间中,基本未运移或极短距离运移的低熟—半熟油气.通过总结泥页岩低孔低渗的特点,对页岩油的形成机制、演化条件、保存条件以及分布特征进行了讨论.泥页岩中有机质的丰度、类型以及演化成熟度是泥页岩生油能力的主要影响因素.生油能力较好的Ⅰ或Ⅱ型干酪根是良好的有机质类型,而Ⅲ型干酪根则以生气为主.在适当的埋藏深度下,达到生油门限,即可发生热化学反应产生大量液态烃.弱水动力条件以及相对长时间稳定的构造活动,都能使得有机质及沉积物缓慢沉降并演化.陆上优质泥页岩由于分布范围广、类型多、时代跨度大、陆相湖盆面积小、物源丰富且湖平面变化等原因,有利于页岩油气形成.
Shale oil refers to the low mature-semimature oil and gas that is generated and retained in source rocks and occurs in micro-nano level reservoir space of strata in free or adsorbed state,with little or extremely short migrated distance. The paper summarizes the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability of argillutite,and discusses the formation mechanism,evolution,preservation conditions and distribution features of shale oil. The abundance,type and maturity of organic matter are the main factors affecting the oil-generating capacity. TypeⅠor Ⅱ kerogen with good oilgenerating capacity is favorable organic matter,while type Ⅲ kerogen is gas-generating dominated. At the proper burial depth that reaches the oil generation threshold,thermochemical reaction will take place to produce large amounts of liquid hydrocarbon. Both the weak hydrodynamic condition and relatively long-term stable tectonic activities lead to the slow subsidence and evolution of organic matter and sediments. Fine argillutite on land contributes to the formation of shale oil and gas due to its wide distribution,various types,large time span,small area of lacustrine basin,abundant provenance and lake level changes.
Shale oil refers to the low mature-semimature oil and gas that is generated and retained in source rocks and occurs in micro-nano level reservoir space of strata in free or adsorbed state,with little or extremely short migrated distance. The paper summarizes the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability of argillutite,and discusses the formation mechanism,evolution,preservation conditions and distribution features of shale oil. The abundance,type and maturity of organic matter are the main factors affecting the oil-generating capacity. TypeⅠor Ⅱ kerogen with good oilgenerating capacity is favorable organic matter,while type Ⅲ kerogen is gas-generating dominated. At the proper burial depth that reaches the oil generation threshold,thermochemical reaction will take place to produce large amounts of liquid hydrocarbon. Both the weak hydrodynamic condition and relatively long-term stable tectonic activities lead to the slow subsidence and evolution of organic matter and sediments. Fine argillutite on land contributes to the formation of shale oil and gas due to its wide distribution,various types,large time span,small area of lacustrine basin,abundant provenance and lake level changes.
引文
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[18]付茜.中国页岩油勘探开发现状、挑战及前景[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(4):58-62.
[19]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.致密油与页岩油内涵、特征、潜力及挑战[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(1):3-17.
[20]刘招君,董清水,叶松青,等.中国油页岩资源现状[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(6):869-876.
[21]罗承先,周韦慧.美国页岩油开发现状及其巨大影响[J].中外能源,2013,18(3):33-40.
[22]卢双舫,薛海涛,王民,等.页岩油评价中的若干关键问题及研究趋势[J].石油学报,2016,37(10):1309-1322.
[2]张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩油分类与评价[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):322-331.
[3]周庆凡,杨国丰.致密油与页岩油的概念与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):541-544.
[4]李吉君,史颖琳,章新文,等.页岩油富集可采主控因素分析:以泌阳凹陷为例[J].地球科学,2014,39(7):848-857.
[5]张廷山,彭志,杨巍,等.美国页岩油研究对我国的启示[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(3):1-10.
[6]陆益祥.页岩油地址要素及甜点预测[D].武汉:长江大学,2017.
[7]姜在兴,张文昭,梁超,等.页岩油储层基本特征及评价要素[J].石油学报,2014,35(1):184-196.
[8]徐旭辉,郑伦举,马中良.泥页岩中有机质的赋存形态与油气形成[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(4):423-428.
[9]宋国奇,张林晔,卢双舫,等.页岩油资源评价技术方法及其应用[J].地学前缘,2013,20(4):221-228.
[10]王民,石蕾,王文广,等.中美页岩油、致密油发育的地球化学特征对比[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(3):67-73.
[11]陈小慧.页岩油赋存状态与资源量评价方法研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(3):136-144.
[12]王茂林,程鹏,田辉,等.页岩油储层评价指标体系[J].地球化学,2017,46(2):178-190.
[13]罗万江.油页岩热解过程及产物析出特性实验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2016.
[14]李梦雅.油页岩热解中间体的生成及反应特性[D].北京:中国科学院大学(中国科学院过程工程研究所),2017.
[15]田春桃,马素萍,杨燕,等.湖相与海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃条件对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):336-341.
[16]曹怀仁.松辽盆地烃源岩形成环境与页岩油地质评价研究[D].广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2017.
[17]赵喆,钟宁宁,黄志龙,等.碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃增压规律及其含义[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):344-348.
[18]付茜.中国页岩油勘探开发现状、挑战及前景[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(4):58-62.
[19]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.致密油与页岩油内涵、特征、潜力及挑战[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(1):3-17.
[20]刘招君,董清水,叶松青,等.中国油页岩资源现状[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(6):869-876.
[21]罗承先,周韦慧.美国页岩油开发现状及其巨大影响[J].中外能源,2013,18(3):33-40.
[22]卢双舫,薛海涛,王民,等.页岩油评价中的若干关键问题及研究趋势[J].石油学报,2016,37(10):1309-1322.