盐渍化农田不同埋深暗管排盐效果研究
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摘要
【目的】研究暗管排盐技术与农业灌溉种植方式结合的土壤脱盐效果,为引用该技术改良利用盐碱地以及制定合理灌溉方案提供理论依据。【方法】以新疆第三师红旗农场的重度盐渍化农田为研究对象,设置3种暗管埋深(T1,暗管埋深1. 2 m; T2,暗管埋深1. 5 m; T3,暗管埋深1. 8 m),暗管间距均为25 m,通过2年的暗管排盐实验研究1 m耕层土壤剖面盐分分布特征以及水平方向土壤盐分变化。【结果】暗管埋设2年后,不同埋深暗管水平方向土壤盐分含量均有所下降,但距离暗管各点降幅差异较小;各暗管处理配合地面灌溉均能有效降低1 m耕层土壤盐分含量,T1、T2、T3处理土壤含盐量分别降低了7. 88、8. 90、8. 13 g/kg,T2处理在1 m耕层脱盐率最高为45. 79%,优于T1、T3处理,T1、T3脱盐率差异不大;不同土层脱盐效果存在差异,3个处理在40～60 cm土层脱盐率均超过50%达到最大值,但整体表现为上层高于下层。【结论】暗管排盐技术结合地面灌溉对降低土壤耕层盐分具有明显的作用,依据实际情况可降低灌溉量或增加暗管铺设间距。
【Objective】To explore the effect of soil desalination on the combination of the technique of dark tube salt discharge and the planting mode of agricultural irrigation in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for using this technology to improve and utilize saline-alkali land and to formulate reasonable irrigation scheme.【Method】Taking the seriously salinized farmland of Hongqi Farm in the third division of Xinjiang as the research object,three kinds of dark tube buried depth were set( T1,buried depth of 1. 2 m; T2,buried depth of 1. 5 m; T3,buried depth of 1. 8 m),The spacing of the hidden tubes was 25 m,through two years of experiment of tube drainage,the salt distribution characteristics of 1 m tillage layer and the changes of soil salinity in the horizontal direction were studied.【Result】After being buried for 2 years,the content of soil salinity in the horizontal direction at different depths of buried pipe decreased,but the difference between the two points decreased a little; All underground pipe treatments could reduce the soil salt in 1 m tillage layer combined with surface irrigation,the salinity of soil treated with T1,T2 and T3 decreased by 7. 88,8. 90 and8. 13 g/kg,respectively. The highest desalination rate of 1 m tillage layer in the treatment of T2 was 45. 79%,which was better than those in the treatments of T1 and T3. There was no significant difference in the desalination rates of T1 and T3; The desalination effects of different soil layers were different,the desalination rates of the three treatments all reached more than 50% in 40-60 cm soil layer,but the overall performance was that the desalination rate at the upper layer was higher than that at the lower layer. 【Conclusion】The technology of underground pipe salt drainage combined with surface irrigation plays an obvious role in reducing salt content in soil tilling layer. According to the actual situation in the study area,the irrigation volume can be reduced or the distance between hidden pipes can be increased. The results have provided a theoretical reference for determining the optimal plan of pipe layout and irrigation volume in the study area.
【Objective】To explore the effect of soil desalination on the combination of the technique of dark tube salt discharge and the planting mode of agricultural irrigation in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for using this technology to improve and utilize saline-alkali land and to formulate reasonable irrigation scheme.【Method】Taking the seriously salinized farmland of Hongqi Farm in the third division of Xinjiang as the research object,three kinds of dark tube buried depth were set( T1,buried depth of 1. 2 m; T2,buried depth of 1. 5 m; T3,buried depth of 1. 8 m),The spacing of the hidden tubes was 25 m,through two years of experiment of tube drainage,the salt distribution characteristics of 1 m tillage layer and the changes of soil salinity in the horizontal direction were studied.【Result】After being buried for 2 years,the content of soil salinity in the horizontal direction at different depths of buried pipe decreased,but the difference between the two points decreased a little; All underground pipe treatments could reduce the soil salt in 1 m tillage layer combined with surface irrigation,the salinity of soil treated with T1,T2 and T3 decreased by 7. 88,8. 90 and8. 13 g/kg,respectively. The highest desalination rate of 1 m tillage layer in the treatment of T2 was 45. 79%,which was better than those in the treatments of T1 and T3. There was no significant difference in the desalination rates of T1 and T3; The desalination effects of different soil layers were different,the desalination rates of the three treatments all reached more than 50% in 40-60 cm soil layer,but the overall performance was that the desalination rate at the upper layer was higher than that at the lower layer. 【Conclusion】The technology of underground pipe salt drainage combined with surface irrigation plays an obvious role in reducing salt content in soil tilling layer. According to the actual situation in the study area,the irrigation volume can be reduced or the distance between hidden pipes can be increased. The results have provided a theoretical reference for determining the optimal plan of pipe layout and irrigation volume in the study area.
引文
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[4]Christen,E.,&Skehan,D.(2001). Design and management of subsurface pipe drainage to reduce salt loads. Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering,127(3):148-155.
[5]周明耀,陈朝如,毛春生,等.滨海盐土地区暗管排水系统布置模式的研究[J].江苏农业研究,2000,21(3):34-38.ZHOU Ming-yao,CHEN Chao-ru,MAO Chun-sheng,et al.(2000). Study on the layout mode of concealed tube drainage system in coastal saline soil[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Research,21(3):34-38.(in Chinese)
[6]马力.利通区农业综合开发项目区暗管排水运行情况的调查[J].宁夏农林科技,2007,(4):54-55.MA Li.(2007). Li Tong District agricultural comprehensive development project area under the tube drainage operation investigation[J]. Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,(4):54-55.(in Chinese)
[7]袁念念,黄介生,谢华,等.棉田暗管控制排水和氮素流失研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(1):28-31.YUAN Nian-nian,HUANG Jing-sheng,XIE Hua,et al.(2011). Study on underground drainage control and nitrogen loss in cotton field[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,30(1):28-31.(in Chinese)
[8]韩立朴,马凤娇,于淑会,等.基于暗管埋设的农田生态工程对运东滨海盐碱地的改良原理与实践[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(12):1 680-1 686.HAN Li-pu,MA Feng-jiao,YU Shu-hui,et al.(2012).Improved principle and practice of farmland ecological engineering based on underground pipe laying on the Far East coast salinization[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,20(12):1,680-1,686.(in Chinese)
[9]Liu,H. L.,Yang,J. Y.,Tan,C. S.,Drury,C. F.,Reynolds,W. D.,&Zhang,T. Q.,et al.(2011). Simulating water content,crop yield and nitrate-n loss under free and controlled tile drainage with subsurface irrigation using the dssat model. Agricultural Water Management, 98(6):1,105-1,111.
[10]刘慧涛,谭莉梅,于淑会,等.河北滨海盐碱区暗管埋设下土壤水盐变化响应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(12):1 693-1 699.LIU Hui-tao,TAN Li-mei,YU Shu-hui,et al.(2012).Response of soil water and salinity to saline soil in coastal saline-alkali region of Hebei Province[J]. Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,20(12):1,693-1,699.(in Chinese)
[11]邵孝侯,王靖波,刘才良,等.塑料暗管排将条件下麦田土壤水分变化规律模拟[J].南京农业大学学报,2000,23(2):47-52.SHAO Xiao-hou,WANG Jing-bo,LIU Cai-liang,et al.(2000). Changing law of soil moisture in wheat field with plastic tube row[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,23(2):47-52.(in Chinese)
[12]彭成山,杨玉珍,郑存虎,等.黄河三角洲暗管改碱工程技术实验与研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2006.PENG Cheng-shan,YANG Yu-zhen,ZHENG Cun-hu,et al.(2006). Yellow River Delta underground pipe Alkali Engineering Technology Experiment and Research[M]. Zhengzhou:Yellow River Water Conservancy Press.(in Chinese)
[13]杨玉珍,卜凡敏,罗纨.黄河三角洲排灌模式转换工程试验研究[J].人民黄河,2012,12(34):103-105.YANG Yu-zhen,BU Fan-min,LUO Jie.(2012). Experimental Study of Drainage and Irrigation Mode Conversion Project in the Yellow River Delta[J]. People's Yellow River,12(34):103-105.(in Chinese)
[14]陈阳,张展羽,冯根祥,等.滨海盐碱地暗管排水除盐效果试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(3):38-41.CHEN Yang,ZHANG Zhan-yu,FENG Gen-xiang,et al.(2014). Experimental Study on the Effect of Alluvial Drainage and Salt Removal in Coastal Saline-Alkali[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,33(3):38-41.(in Chinese)
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