龙须菜对异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在评估龙须菜替代饲料中的菜粕对异育银鲫幼鱼消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响,确定龙须菜的适宜替代范围。选取健康且规格一致的异育银鲫幼鱼450尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾,以不含龙须菜的基础饲料为对照组饲料,以3%(D1)、6%(D2)、9%(D3)、12%(D4)、15%(D5)龙须菜替代菜粕配制成的饲料为试验饲料饲喂试验鱼8周,所有饲料等蛋等脂,试验结束时测定各组异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化相关酶活性。结果显示,与对照组相比,投喂龙须菜饲料各组异育银鲫肝脏消化酶活性无显著差异(P<0.05);D1组异育银鲫前肠碱性磷酸酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性,D1和D2组异育银鲫前肠γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性显著升高(P<0.05),D5组异育银鲫前肠脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著下降(P<0.05);D1~D3组异育银鲫肾脏酸性磷酸酶活性、D2~D5组异育银鲫血清溶菌酶活性及D2、D3组异育银鲫血清总胆固醇含量和前肠总抗氧化能力显著升高(P<0.05),而D5组异育银鲫血清总蛋白含量显著下降(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加3%~6%的龙须菜可在一定程度上提高异育银鲫消化吸收与免疫性能,当龙须菜替代水平达15%时,会对鱼体消化吸收和健康产生负面影响。
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the diets which used the Gracilaria lemaneiformis to substitute the rapeseed meal on the digestive absorption,immunity and antioxidant performance of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio,to determine the optimal replacement scope of the Gracilaria lemaneiformis.In this study,450 tail of uniform juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 25 fish per replicate.The fish of the control group were fed with the basic diet without Gracilaria lema-neiformis,the test diets which used the 3%(D1),6%(D2),9%(D3),12%(D4)and 15%(D5)Gracilaria lemaneiformis to substitute the rapeseed meal were used to feed the experimental fish for 8 weeks,respectively.The protein and fat content of all the diets were equal,and at the end of the experiment,the activities of enzyme involved in digestive absorption,immunity and antioxidant function were determined.The results indicated that compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in the activities of digestive enzymes in the liver of the fish from each group(P<0.05).The activities of the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the liver of the fish from D1 group,the activities of theγ-glutamyl-transferase(γ-GT)in the anterior intestine of the fish from D1 and D2 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the activities of the lipase(LPS),ALP and SOD of the fish from D5 group were decreased significantly(P<0.05).The activities of the acid phosphatase(ACP)in the kidney of the fish from D1 to D3 groups,the activities of serum lysozyme of the fish from D2 to D5 groups and the serum total cholesterol(TC)content and the total antioxidant capacities(T-AOC)in the anterior intestine of the fish from D2 and D3 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the serum total protein(TP)content of the fish from D5 group were decreased greatly(P<0.05).The results indicated that a small amount addition of the Gracilaria lemaneiformis(3%to 6%)would improve the digestion,absorption and immune function of the Carassius auratus gibelio to some extent,when the substitute amount of the Gracilaria lemaneiformis in the diet up to 15%,the negative impacts on the digestive and absorption capacities as well as the health status of the fish would appear.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the diets which used the Gracilaria lemaneiformis to substitute the rapeseed meal on the digestive absorption,immunity and antioxidant performance of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio,to determine the optimal replacement scope of the Gracilaria lemaneiformis.In this study,450 tail of uniform juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 25 fish per replicate.The fish of the control group were fed with the basic diet without Gracilaria lema-neiformis,the test diets which used the 3%(D1),6%(D2),9%(D3),12%(D4)and 15%(D5)Gracilaria lemaneiformis to substitute the rapeseed meal were used to feed the experimental fish for 8 weeks,respectively.The protein and fat content of all the diets were equal,and at the end of the experiment,the activities of enzyme involved in digestive absorption,immunity and antioxidant function were determined.The results indicated that compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in the activities of digestive enzymes in the liver of the fish from each group(P<0.05).The activities of the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the liver of the fish from D1 group,the activities of theγ-glutamyl-transferase(γ-GT)in the anterior intestine of the fish from D1 and D2 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the activities of the lipase(LPS),ALP and SOD of the fish from D5 group were decreased significantly(P<0.05).The activities of the acid phosphatase(ACP)in the kidney of the fish from D1 to D3 groups,the activities of serum lysozyme of the fish from D2 to D5 groups and the serum total cholesterol(TC)content and the total antioxidant capacities(T-AOC)in the anterior intestine of the fish from D2 and D3 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the serum total protein(TP)content of the fish from D5 group were decreased greatly(P<0.05).The results indicated that a small amount addition of the Gracilaria lemaneiformis(3%to 6%)would improve the digestion,absorption and immune function of the Carassius auratus gibelio to some extent,when the substitute amount of the Gracilaria lemaneiformis in the diet up to 15%,the negative impacts on the digestive and absorption capacities as well as the health status of the fish would appear.
引文
[1]邵莉萍,张继瑜.喹诺酮类药物的抗菌活性与细菌耐药性研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(9):2773-2782.SHAO L P,ZHANG J Y.Research advances on antibacterial activity and bacterial resistance of quinolones[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(9):2773-2782.(in Chinese)
[2]杨翠,胡庭俊,杨剑,等.苦玄参提取物对广西麻鸡血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(1):65-73.YANG C,HU T J,YANG J,et al.Effect of dietary Picriafel-tarrae Lour extracts on serum biochemical indexes and immune function of Guangxi partridge chickens[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(1):65-73.(in Chinese)
[3]王爱珍,安立龙.褐藻岩藻聚糖生物活性的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(5):97-100.WANG A Z,AN L L.Research progress on fucosan isolated from brown sea weeds[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(5):97-100.(in Chinese)
[4]靳玲品,李双群,李秀花.海藻饲料的营养及其在养殖业中的应用[J].畜牧与兽医,2008,40(1):55-56.JIN L P,LI S Q,LI X H.The nutrition of seaweed diet and its application in the breeding industry[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2008,40(1):55-56.(in Chinese)
[5]陈美珍,余杰,钟秋玲,等.龙须菜藻胆蛋白免疫功能和抗氧化作用的研究[J].食品科学,2005,26(7):456-459.CHEN M Z,YU J,ZHONG Q L,et al.Study on the immunity function and anti-oxidation activity of phycobiliproteins from Gracilaria lemaneiformis[J].Food Science,2005,26(7):456-459.(in Chinese)
[6]欧阳茜茜,陈法锦,李思东,等.琼胶及琼胶寡糖的加工与应用研究进展[J].山东化工,2016,45(23):58-60.OUYANG Q Q,CHEN F J,LI S D,et al.Processing and application progress of agar and agaro-oligo saccharide[J].Shandong Chemical Industry,2016,45(23):58-60.(in Chinese)
[7]陈明,刘永坚,李雅婷,等.饲料中添加龙须菜对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1257-1266.CHEN M,LIU Y J,LI Y T,et al.Effects of dietary Gracilaria lemaneiformis on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and muscle fatty acid composition of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(4):1257-1266.(in Chinese)
[8]李雅婷,陈明,曾帅霖,等.饲料中添加龙须菜对眼斑拟石首鱼生长、脂肪酸组成、免疫及肠道的影响[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(1):85-93.LI Y T,CHEN M,ZENG S L,et al.Effect of dietary Gracilaria lemaneiformis on growth performance,fatty acid composition,immunity and intestinal histology of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(1):85-93.(in Chinese)
[9]ZAMBONINO INFANTE J L,CAHU C L.Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract of marine fish[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2001,130(4):477-487.
[10]董学兴,吕林兰,王爱民,等.螺旋藻对异育银鲫血液生理指标和非特异性免疫的影响[J].水利渔业,2008,28(2):37-38.DONG X X,LU L L,WANG A M,et al.Effects of spirulina on the blood physiological indexes and non-specific immunity of the Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2008,28(2):37-38.(in Chinese)
[11]陈晓凤.龙须菜膳食纤维的制备及其在酸奶中的应用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.CHEN X F.Preparation of dietary fiber from Gracilaria lemaneiformis and its application in yogurt[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.(in Chinese)
[12]徐树德.黄斑蓝子鱼对两种大型海藻的消化机制和可利用性研究[D].汕头:汕头大学,2012.XU S D.Studies on digestion mechanism and availability of two macro-algae in rabbit fish Siganus canaliculatus[D].Shantou:Shantou University,2012.(in Chinese)
[13]BIRD T A,KYRIAKIS J M,TYSHLER L,et al.Interleukin-1 activates p54 mitogen-activated protein(MAP)kinase/stress-activated protein kinase by a pathway that is independent of p21ras,Raf-1,and MAP kinase[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(50):31836-31844.
[14]何海琪,孙凤.中国对虾酸性和碱性磷酸酶的特性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1992,5:555-560.HE H Q,SUN F.Studies on the characteristics of acid and alkaline phosphatases in Chinese shrimp,Penaeus chinensis[J]Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1992,5:555-560.(in Chinese)
[15]王坛,华雪铭,朱伟星,等.饲料中添加溶菌酶对吉富罗非鱼生长、免疫—抗氧化功能及血清抗菌性能的影响[J].水生生物学报.2016,40(4):663-671.WANG T,HUA X M,ZHU W X,et al.Effects of dietary lysozyme supplementation on growth performance,immune-antioxidant capacity and serum antibacterial properties of Gift Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2016,40(4):663-671.(in Chinese)
[16]孙永欣.黄芪多糖促进刺参免疫力和生长性能的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2008.SUN Y X.Improving effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS)on non-specific immune responses and productive performance of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese)
[17]倪德江,陈玉琼,谢笔钧,等.绿茶、乌龙茶、红茶的茶多糖组成、抗氧化及降血糖作用研究[J].营养学报,2004,26(1):57-60.NI D J,CHEN Y Q,XIE B J,et al.Studies on composition,antioxidation and hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides from Green tea,OoLong tea and Black tea[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2004,26(1):57-60.(in Chinese)
[18]NAKAGAWA H,SATO M,GATLIN D M.Dietary Supplements for the Health and Quality of Cultured Fish[M].Trowbridge:Cromwell Press,2007.
[19]WONG K H,SAM S W,CHEUNG P C K,et al.Changes in lipid profiles of rats fed with seaweed based diets[J].Nutrition Research,1999,19(10):1519-1527.
[20]赵红霞,曹俊明,朱选,等.日粮添加谷胱甘肽对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和体组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(5):540-546.ZHAO H X,CAO J M,ZHU X,et al.Effects of dietary glutathione on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and body composition of juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2008,20(5):540-546.(in Chinese)
[21]PANIGRAHI A,KIRON V,SATOH S,et al.Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus influences the blood profile in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,36(4):969-977.
[22]WEI X,LIU H,SUN X,et al.Hydroxysafflor yellow Aprotects rat brains against ischemia-reperfusion injury by antioxidant action[J].Neuroscience Letters,2005,386(1):58-62.
[23]蔡春芳,宋学宏,潘兴法,等.几种抗病促生长剂对银鲫生长和免疫力的影响[J].水利渔业,2002,22(2):20-22.CAI C F,SONG X H,PAN X F,et al.Effects of several anti-disease and growth promoting agent on the growth and immunity of Carassius auratus[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2002,22(2):20-22.(in Chinese)
[24]陈美珍,余杰,龙梓洁,等.龙须菜多糖抗突变和清除自由基作用的研究[J].食品科学,2005,26(7):219-222.CHEN M Z,YU J,LONG Z J,et al.Studies on antimutagenic and the free radical scavenging effect of polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis[J].Food Science,2005,26(7):219-222.(in Chinese)
[25]陈南南.饵料中添加芽孢杆菌对草鱼生长的影响及机理探讨[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.CHEN N N.Study on effect of Bacillus on growth performance of grass carp and its mechanism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.(in Chinese)
[2]杨翠,胡庭俊,杨剑,等.苦玄参提取物对广西麻鸡血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(1):65-73.YANG C,HU T J,YANG J,et al.Effect of dietary Picriafel-tarrae Lour extracts on serum biochemical indexes and immune function of Guangxi partridge chickens[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(1):65-73.(in Chinese)
[3]王爱珍,安立龙.褐藻岩藻聚糖生物活性的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(5):97-100.WANG A Z,AN L L.Research progress on fucosan isolated from brown sea weeds[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(5):97-100.(in Chinese)
[4]靳玲品,李双群,李秀花.海藻饲料的营养及其在养殖业中的应用[J].畜牧与兽医,2008,40(1):55-56.JIN L P,LI S Q,LI X H.The nutrition of seaweed diet and its application in the breeding industry[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2008,40(1):55-56.(in Chinese)
[5]陈美珍,余杰,钟秋玲,等.龙须菜藻胆蛋白免疫功能和抗氧化作用的研究[J].食品科学,2005,26(7):456-459.CHEN M Z,YU J,ZHONG Q L,et al.Study on the immunity function and anti-oxidation activity of phycobiliproteins from Gracilaria lemaneiformis[J].Food Science,2005,26(7):456-459.(in Chinese)
[6]欧阳茜茜,陈法锦,李思东,等.琼胶及琼胶寡糖的加工与应用研究进展[J].山东化工,2016,45(23):58-60.OUYANG Q Q,CHEN F J,LI S D,et al.Processing and application progress of agar and agaro-oligo saccharide[J].Shandong Chemical Industry,2016,45(23):58-60.(in Chinese)
[7]陈明,刘永坚,李雅婷,等.饲料中添加龙须菜对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1257-1266.CHEN M,LIU Y J,LI Y T,et al.Effects of dietary Gracilaria lemaneiformis on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and muscle fatty acid composition of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(4):1257-1266.(in Chinese)
[8]李雅婷,陈明,曾帅霖,等.饲料中添加龙须菜对眼斑拟石首鱼生长、脂肪酸组成、免疫及肠道的影响[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(1):85-93.LI Y T,CHEN M,ZENG S L,et al.Effect of dietary Gracilaria lemaneiformis on growth performance,fatty acid composition,immunity and intestinal histology of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(1):85-93.(in Chinese)
[9]ZAMBONINO INFANTE J L,CAHU C L.Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract of marine fish[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2001,130(4):477-487.
[10]董学兴,吕林兰,王爱民,等.螺旋藻对异育银鲫血液生理指标和非特异性免疫的影响[J].水利渔业,2008,28(2):37-38.DONG X X,LU L L,WANG A M,et al.Effects of spirulina on the blood physiological indexes and non-specific immunity of the Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2008,28(2):37-38.(in Chinese)
[11]陈晓凤.龙须菜膳食纤维的制备及其在酸奶中的应用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.CHEN X F.Preparation of dietary fiber from Gracilaria lemaneiformis and its application in yogurt[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.(in Chinese)
[12]徐树德.黄斑蓝子鱼对两种大型海藻的消化机制和可利用性研究[D].汕头:汕头大学,2012.XU S D.Studies on digestion mechanism and availability of two macro-algae in rabbit fish Siganus canaliculatus[D].Shantou:Shantou University,2012.(in Chinese)
[13]BIRD T A,KYRIAKIS J M,TYSHLER L,et al.Interleukin-1 activates p54 mitogen-activated protein(MAP)kinase/stress-activated protein kinase by a pathway that is independent of p21ras,Raf-1,and MAP kinase[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(50):31836-31844.
[14]何海琪,孙凤.中国对虾酸性和碱性磷酸酶的特性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1992,5:555-560.HE H Q,SUN F.Studies on the characteristics of acid and alkaline phosphatases in Chinese shrimp,Penaeus chinensis[J]Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1992,5:555-560.(in Chinese)
[15]王坛,华雪铭,朱伟星,等.饲料中添加溶菌酶对吉富罗非鱼生长、免疫—抗氧化功能及血清抗菌性能的影响[J].水生生物学报.2016,40(4):663-671.WANG T,HUA X M,ZHU W X,et al.Effects of dietary lysozyme supplementation on growth performance,immune-antioxidant capacity and serum antibacterial properties of Gift Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2016,40(4):663-671.(in Chinese)
[16]孙永欣.黄芪多糖促进刺参免疫力和生长性能的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2008.SUN Y X.Improving effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS)on non-specific immune responses and productive performance of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese)
[17]倪德江,陈玉琼,谢笔钧,等.绿茶、乌龙茶、红茶的茶多糖组成、抗氧化及降血糖作用研究[J].营养学报,2004,26(1):57-60.NI D J,CHEN Y Q,XIE B J,et al.Studies on composition,antioxidation and hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides from Green tea,OoLong tea and Black tea[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2004,26(1):57-60.(in Chinese)
[18]NAKAGAWA H,SATO M,GATLIN D M.Dietary Supplements for the Health and Quality of Cultured Fish[M].Trowbridge:Cromwell Press,2007.
[19]WONG K H,SAM S W,CHEUNG P C K,et al.Changes in lipid profiles of rats fed with seaweed based diets[J].Nutrition Research,1999,19(10):1519-1527.
[20]赵红霞,曹俊明,朱选,等.日粮添加谷胱甘肽对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和体组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(5):540-546.ZHAO H X,CAO J M,ZHU X,et al.Effects of dietary glutathione on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and body composition of juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2008,20(5):540-546.(in Chinese)
[21]PANIGRAHI A,KIRON V,SATOH S,et al.Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus influences the blood profile in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,36(4):969-977.
[22]WEI X,LIU H,SUN X,et al.Hydroxysafflor yellow Aprotects rat brains against ischemia-reperfusion injury by antioxidant action[J].Neuroscience Letters,2005,386(1):58-62.
[23]蔡春芳,宋学宏,潘兴法,等.几种抗病促生长剂对银鲫生长和免疫力的影响[J].水利渔业,2002,22(2):20-22.CAI C F,SONG X H,PAN X F,et al.Effects of several anti-disease and growth promoting agent on the growth and immunity of Carassius auratus[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2002,22(2):20-22.(in Chinese)
[24]陈美珍,余杰,龙梓洁,等.龙须菜多糖抗突变和清除自由基作用的研究[J].食品科学,2005,26(7):219-222.CHEN M Z,YU J,LONG Z J,et al.Studies on antimutagenic and the free radical scavenging effect of polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis[J].Food Science,2005,26(7):219-222.(in Chinese)
[25]陈南南.饵料中添加芽孢杆菌对草鱼生长的影响及机理探讨[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.CHEN N N.Study on effect of Bacillus on growth performance of grass carp and its mechanism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.(in Chinese)