L-苹果酸和柠檬酸联合对异育银鲫生长性能、抗氧化能力、血液和血清生化相关指标的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究柠檬酸(CA)和L-苹果酸(MA)联合对异育银鲫幼鱼生长性能、血清学指标、血液学指标和抗氧化指标的影响。选取7.5 g重复,每个重复16尾鱼。这5个组分别饲喂基础饲料(Ⅰ组),以及基础饲料中分别添加0.2%CA(Ⅱ组)、0.2%CA+0.1%MA(Ⅲ组)、0.2%CA+0.2%MA(Ⅳ组)、0.2%CA+0.4%MA(Ⅴ组),试验周期为60 d。结果表明:相比Ⅱ组,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组增重率和特定生长率显著升高(P<0.05),最高值均出现在Ⅳ组,Ⅳ组白细胞总数(WBC)显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组红细胞总数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)含量均显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组平均血红蛋白浓度(MCH)显著升高(P<0.05);但是相比于Ⅰ组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血小板(PLT)浓度均显著降低(P<0.05);相比于Ⅱ组,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组ALT、AST显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅳ组碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)浓度显著升高(P<0.05),AKP、ALB、TP最高值均出现在第Ⅳ组;与Ⅱ组相比,随着L-苹果酸浓度增高,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组异育银鲫超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均出现先上升后下降的趋势,最高值均出现在第Ⅲ组;结果证明适量添加柠檬酸和L-苹果酸可以显著提高异育银鲫的生长性能和抗氧化能力,但可能诱导肝损伤和引起血小板降低症。
To study the effects of Citric acid(CA) and L-malic acid(MA) on growth performance, hematology, serology and antioxidant indexes of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio. Two hundred and fortyCarassius auratus gibelio, weighing an average of 7.5 g, were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with three replicates in each group and sixteen fish with each replicate. Fish in the five groups were fed the diets which the CA and MA levels were 0 and 0(groupⅠ), 0.2% and 0(groupⅡ), 0.2%and 0.1%(group Ⅲ), 0.2% and 0.2%(group Ⅳ),0.2% and 0.4%(group Ⅴ), respectively. The results showed as follows:weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR) both increased significantly(P<0.05) in the Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups compared with the Ⅱ group, and the highest value of both were in the group Ⅳ. The WBC count of the Ⅳ group, RBC count and HGB content of the Ⅲ and Ⅳgroups, and the MCH content of the Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups were significantly higher thanthose of the the Ⅱ group(P<0.05). The PLT content of the Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴgroups were significantlylower than those of the blank control group(P<0.05). The ALT and AST activities of the Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴgroups, and the LDH activities of the ⅣandⅤgroups, and the AKP activity of the Ⅳ group and theALB and TP content of the Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were significantly higher than those of the Ⅱ group(P<0.05). In addition, the results showed that fish in group Ⅳ had the highest AKP, ALB and TP amongall groups. Compared with the Ⅱ group, with the increase of MA concentration, the activity of SODand CAT in the Ⅲ, IV and V groups increased first and then decreased, and fish in group Ⅲ had thehighest SOD and CAT. In conclusion, the optimum supplemental level of CA and MA in the diet canimprove the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio, butmay induce liver damage and thrombocytopenia.
To study the effects of Citric acid(CA) and L-malic acid(MA) on growth performance, hematology, serology and antioxidant indexes of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio. Two hundred and fortyCarassius auratus gibelio, weighing an average of 7.5 g, were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with three replicates in each group and sixteen fish with each replicate. Fish in the five groups were fed the diets which the CA and MA levels were 0 and 0(groupⅠ), 0.2% and 0(groupⅡ), 0.2%and 0.1%(group Ⅲ), 0.2% and 0.2%(group Ⅳ),0.2% and 0.4%(group Ⅴ), respectively. The results showed as follows:weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR) both increased significantly(P<0.05) in the Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups compared with the Ⅱ group, and the highest value of both were in the group Ⅳ. The WBC count of the Ⅳ group, RBC count and HGB content of the Ⅲ and Ⅳgroups, and the MCH content of the Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups were significantly higher thanthose of the the Ⅱ group(P<0.05). The PLT content of the Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴgroups were significantlylower than those of the blank control group(P<0.05). The ALT and AST activities of the Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴgroups, and the LDH activities of the ⅣandⅤgroups, and the AKP activity of the Ⅳ group and theALB and TP content of the Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were significantly higher than those of the Ⅱ group(P<0.05). In addition, the results showed that fish in group Ⅳ had the highest AKP, ALB and TP amongall groups. Compared with the Ⅱ group, with the increase of MA concentration, the activity of SODand CAT in the Ⅲ, IV and V groups increased first and then decreased, and fish in group Ⅲ had thehighest SOD and CAT. In conclusion, the optimum supplemental level of CA and MA in the diet canimprove the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio, butmay induce liver damage and thrombocytopenia.
引文
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[13]Zhang X,Xie P,Wang W,et al.Plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp(Carassius auratus)to crude cyanobacterial extracts[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2008,34(4):323-329.
[14]Wilhelm D,Giulivi C,Boveris A.Antioxidant defenses in marine fish I[J].Teleosts,1993,106(2):409-413.
[15]Kim J H,Kang J C.The arsenic accumulation and its effect on oxidative stress responses in juvenile rockfish,Sebastes schlegelii,exposed to waterborne arsenic(As 3+)[J].Environmental Toxicology&Pharmacology,2015,39(2):668-676.
[16]敬婷,罗莉,白富瑾,等.L-苹果酸对湘云鲫生长性能、体组成、消化和抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2337-2344.
[2]Thea M,Olav F K,Frederic T,et al.Sodium diformate and extrusion temperature affect nutrient digestibility and physical quality of diets with fish meal and barley protein concentrate for rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,2011,317(1/4):138-145.
[3]冷向军,伦锋,李小勤,等.柠檬酸对异育银鲫生长及营养物质消化率的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2006,15(2):178-181.
[4]黎军胜,李建林,吴婷婷.外源酶和柠檬酸对奥尼罗非鱼内源消化酶活性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2005,28(3):97-101.
[5]李赞.L-苹果酸对吉富罗非鱼胃肠道结构功能及肝脏TCA循环效率的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.
[6]Dai J,Li Y,Yang P,et al.Citric acid as a functional supplement in diets for juvenile turbot,Scophthalmus maximus,L.:Effects on phosphorus discharge,growth performance,and intestinal health[J].Aquaculture,2018,495:643-653.
[7]Castillo S,Rosales M,Pohlenz C,et al.Effects of organic acids on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus[J].Aquaculture,2014,433:6-12.
[8]M Arshad H,Abhed P,Shuichi S.Effects of organic acids on growth and phosphorus utilization in red sea bream Pagrus major[J].Fisheries Science,2007,73(6):1309-1317.
[9]Thrall M A,Weiser G,Allison R W,et al.Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry[J].Veterinary Hematology&Clinical Chemistry,2004,42(4):105.
[10]Kartik B,Asimk P,Narottamp S,et al.Dietary Crude Protein,Citric Acid and Microbial Phytase Interacts to Influence the Hemato-Immunological Parameters of Rohu,Labeo Rohita,Juveniles[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2009,40(6):824-831.
[11]Ballarin L,Dall'oro M,Bertotto D,et al.Haematological parameters in Umbrina cirrosa(Teleostei,Sciaenidae):a comparison between diploid and triploid specimens[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A,2004,138(1):45-51.
[12]Ebrahimi M,Daeman N H,Chong C M,et al.Comparing the effects of different dietary organic acids on the growth,intestinal short-chain fatty acids,and liver histopathology of red hybrid tilapia(Oreochromis sp.)and potential use of these as preservatives[J].Fish Physiolgy and Biochemistry,2017,43(4):1-13.
[13]Zhang X,Xie P,Wang W,et al.Plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp(Carassius auratus)to crude cyanobacterial extracts[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2008,34(4):323-329.
[14]Wilhelm D,Giulivi C,Boveris A.Antioxidant defenses in marine fish I[J].Teleosts,1993,106(2):409-413.
[15]Kim J H,Kang J C.The arsenic accumulation and its effect on oxidative stress responses in juvenile rockfish,Sebastes schlegelii,exposed to waterborne arsenic(As 3+)[J].Environmental Toxicology&Pharmacology,2015,39(2):668-676.
[16]敬婷,罗莉,白富瑾,等.L-苹果酸对湘云鲫生长性能、体组成、消化和抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2337-2344.