链齿式残膜回收输送方式对比分析与试验
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摘要
针对传统下输送链齿式残膜回收机存在的捡拾效果不佳与输膜不畅等现象,提出了上输送残膜回收方式,并对两种输送方式的残膜回收机在拾膜和脱膜阶段的机理进行了分析;从理论角度分析了两种输送方式的可行性,并对其特点进行了比较。分别设计了结构参数相同但输送方式不同的两台链齿式残膜回收机,一台采用下输送方式,而另一台采用上输送方式。在收获后的花生田进行收膜对比试验,对影响机具作业质量的输送方式、输送链转速和脱膜辊转速3个主要因素进行正交试验,结果表明:输送方式是影响机具捡拾率的主要因素,上输送方式的捡拾率达到91.9%,远高于下输送方式,综合作业质量上输送方式优于下输送方式。该对比试验可为链齿式残膜回收机输送方式的选择和未来的研发方向提供参考。
Chain- tooth plastic film residue collector has the feature of excellent soil removing results and high productivity,which is widely used in the area of plastic film residue. The taking film mechanism of chain- tooth plastic film residue collector general adopts lower conveying mode,specifically the film residue is conveyed under the elevating chain. However,because of the character of plastic film residue and the mechanism of lower conveying mode,the collector often appears undesirable phenomenon in the process of actual operation such as bad collecting rate and poor conveying effect. Aiming at these problems,the paper provided upper conveying mode,specifically the film residue is conveyed upon the elevating chain. Afterwards,the mechanisms of taking and stripping plastic film residue of these two conveying modes were analyzed and compared. Based on the theoretical analysis,the analysis results were validated by test. Firstly,two chain-tooth plastic film residue collectors with the same structure parameter but different conveying modes were designed respectively. One was designed by lower conveying mode,the other was designed by upper conveying mode,which had the opposite direction of rotation of elevating chain and stripping roller. Afterwards,contrast tests of collecting plastic film residue were proceeded in the peanut field after harvest. The dominant factors of conveying mode,elevating chain speed and stripping roller speed which affected the working quality of collectors were tested by orthogonal experiment,with the evaluation indexes of collecting rate,drop rate and winding rate. The results shown that conveying mode is the dominant factor to affect collecting rate,drop rate and winding rate. The collector with upper conveying had higher collecting rate,with the percentage of 91. 9%,while the collecting rate of the collector with lower conveying mode was less than 70%. On the other hand,the drop rate and winding rate of upper conveying mode is higher than lower conveying mode. Lastly,comprehensive evaluation was used to make further analysis,which shown that the comprehensive working quality of chain-tooth plastic film residue collector with upper conveying mode is better than the collector with lower conveying mode. The study not only provided a new choice to the conveying mode of chain- tooth plastic film residue collector,but also supplied reference for the future research direction and optimization of plastic film residue collector.
Chain- tooth plastic film residue collector has the feature of excellent soil removing results and high productivity,which is widely used in the area of plastic film residue. The taking film mechanism of chain- tooth plastic film residue collector general adopts lower conveying mode,specifically the film residue is conveyed under the elevating chain. However,because of the character of plastic film residue and the mechanism of lower conveying mode,the collector often appears undesirable phenomenon in the process of actual operation such as bad collecting rate and poor conveying effect. Aiming at these problems,the paper provided upper conveying mode,specifically the film residue is conveyed upon the elevating chain. Afterwards,the mechanisms of taking and stripping plastic film residue of these two conveying modes were analyzed and compared. Based on the theoretical analysis,the analysis results were validated by test. Firstly,two chain-tooth plastic film residue collectors with the same structure parameter but different conveying modes were designed respectively. One was designed by lower conveying mode,the other was designed by upper conveying mode,which had the opposite direction of rotation of elevating chain and stripping roller. Afterwards,contrast tests of collecting plastic film residue were proceeded in the peanut field after harvest. The dominant factors of conveying mode,elevating chain speed and stripping roller speed which affected the working quality of collectors were tested by orthogonal experiment,with the evaluation indexes of collecting rate,drop rate and winding rate. The results shown that conveying mode is the dominant factor to affect collecting rate,drop rate and winding rate. The collector with upper conveying had higher collecting rate,with the percentage of 91. 9%,while the collecting rate of the collector with lower conveying mode was less than 70%. On the other hand,the drop rate and winding rate of upper conveying mode is higher than lower conveying mode. Lastly,comprehensive evaluation was used to make further analysis,which shown that the comprehensive working quality of chain-tooth plastic film residue collector with upper conveying mode is better than the collector with lower conveying mode. The study not only provided a new choice to the conveying mode of chain- tooth plastic film residue collector,but also supplied reference for the future research direction and optimization of plastic film residue collector.
引文
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[13]吕钊钦,张磊,张广玲,等.链条导轨式地膜回收机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):48-54.
[14]GB/T1040.3—2006塑料拉伸性能的测定(3):薄膜和薄片的试验条件[S].
[15]张佳喜,王学农,张丽,等.农田地膜拉伸性能变化对缠绕式回收的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(20):41-47.
[16]王序俭,曹肆林,王敏,等.一种链耙式农田残膜回收机:中国,CN101822138A[P].2010-09-08.
[17]王序俭,曹肆林,何义川,等.一种弹齿式农田残膜回收机:中国,CN103503598A[P].2014-01-15.
[18]王吉奎,李天文,胡凯,等.一种秸秆粉碎还田与夹持输送式残膜回收机:中国,CN103283408A[P].2013-09-11.
[19]陈魁.试验设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:72-140.
[20]张庆利.SPSS宝典[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2011:186-204.
[21]于昭洋,胡志超,王海鸥,等.大蒜果秧分离试验装置的设计与测试[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):7-15.
[22]赵映,刘守荣,肖宏儒,等.基于立式辊机构的青毛豆脱荚装置力学分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(4):17-23.
[2]严昌荣,梅旭荣,何文清,等.农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):269-272.
[3]董合干,刘彤,李勇冠,等.新疆棉田地膜残留对棉花产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(8):91-99.
[4]张丹,胡万里,刘宏斌,等.华北地区地膜残留及典型覆膜作物残膜系数[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(3):1-5.
[5]何文清,严昌荣,赵彩霞,等.我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):533-538.
[6]谢建华,侯书林,刘英超.残膜清理回收机具的研究现状及存在的问题[J].中国农机化,2012(5):41-44.
[7]侯书林,胡三媛,孔建铭,等.国内残膜回收机研究的现状[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(3):186-190.
[8]王吉奎,付威,王卫兵,等.SMS-1500型秸秆粉碎与残膜回收机的设计[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):168-172.
[9]李斌,王吉奎,蒋蓓,等.SMS-1500型残膜回收机的改进与起输膜分析[J].农机化研究,2013,35(4):44-47,51.
[10]李斌,王吉奎,胡凯,等.残膜回收机顺向脱膜机理分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(21):23-28.
[11]胡凯,王吉奎,李斌,等.棉秆粉碎还田与残膜回收联合作业机研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(19):24-32.
[12]闫盼盼,曹肆林,罗昕,等.弹齿链耙式播前残膜回收机的设计研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(6):137-142.
[13]吕钊钦,张磊,张广玲,等.链条导轨式地膜回收机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):48-54.
[14]GB/T1040.3—2006塑料拉伸性能的测定(3):薄膜和薄片的试验条件[S].
[15]张佳喜,王学农,张丽,等.农田地膜拉伸性能变化对缠绕式回收的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(20):41-47.
[16]王序俭,曹肆林,王敏,等.一种链耙式农田残膜回收机:中国,CN101822138A[P].2010-09-08.
[17]王序俭,曹肆林,何义川,等.一种弹齿式农田残膜回收机:中国,CN103503598A[P].2014-01-15.
[18]王吉奎,李天文,胡凯,等.一种秸秆粉碎还田与夹持输送式残膜回收机:中国,CN103283408A[P].2013-09-11.
[19]陈魁.试验设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:72-140.
[20]张庆利.SPSS宝典[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2011:186-204.
[21]于昭洋,胡志超,王海鸥,等.大蒜果秧分离试验装置的设计与测试[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):7-15.
[22]赵映,刘守荣,肖宏儒,等.基于立式辊机构的青毛豆脱荚装置力学分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(4):17-23.