改进的非线性放大环形镜锁模激光器研究
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摘要
报道了一种改进的非线性放大环形镜锁模激光器,即在传统的8字腔和σ腔中,通过加入非互易性元件的方式,有效缩短了光纤长度,降低了非线性积累量,从而提升锁模激光器的重复频率,并且可以改善激光器的自启动特性。传统的"8"字腔保偏光纤激光器必须借助半导体可饱和吸收镜、碳纳米管等真实可饱和吸收体才能锁模运转。本文只利用非互易性元件,在改进的"8"字腔全保偏(PM)掺铒光纤激光器中,实现了重复频率为22 MHz,平均功率为23.6 m W的孤子锁模单脉冲激光输出,直接输出脉宽为308 fs。传统的"8"字腔光纤激光器的重复频率限制在10 MHz水平。通过加入非互易性元件,本文在改进的"σ"腔非保偏掺铒光纤激光器中,在呼吸孤子锁模域获得了重复频率为80 MHz,平均功率为36 m W的单脉冲激光输出;在正色散域获得了重复频率为53.6 MHz,平均功率为14 m W的单脉冲激光输出。
A modified nonlinear amplifying loop mirror mode- locked laser is demonstrated. In this setup,nonreciprocal elements are included into traditional"figure eight"and"s-like"cavities in order to decrease the length of essential fiber required to accumulate nonlinear phase shift. As a result, the repetition rate of these lasers is significantly increased. In addition, the self-starting characteristic is also improved. The passive mode-locking operation of traditional"figure eight"polarization maintaining(PM) fiber lasers requires real saturable absorbers,such as semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, or carbon nanotube. In this work, by using nonreciprocal elements, passive mode locking in a modified"figure eight"polarization maintaining Er-fiber laser is realized. The laser works in soliton regime and generates 308 fs pulses with an average power of 23.6 m W at a repetition of22 MHz. The repetition rate of traditional"figure eight"fiber lasers is limited to 10 MHz. By using nonreciprocal elements, a non PM Er-fiber laser based on a modified"s-like"cavity working at stretched pulse regime generates pulses with an average power of 36 m W at a repetition of 80 MHz. The same laser working at normal dispersion domain generates pulse train with an average power of 14 m W at a repetition of 53.6 MHz.
A modified nonlinear amplifying loop mirror mode- locked laser is demonstrated. In this setup,nonreciprocal elements are included into traditional"figure eight"and"s-like"cavities in order to decrease the length of essential fiber required to accumulate nonlinear phase shift. As a result, the repetition rate of these lasers is significantly increased. In addition, the self-starting characteristic is also improved. The passive mode-locking operation of traditional"figure eight"polarization maintaining(PM) fiber lasers requires real saturable absorbers,such as semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, or carbon nanotube. In this work, by using nonreciprocal elements, passive mode locking in a modified"figure eight"polarization maintaining Er-fiber laser is realized. The laser works in soliton regime and generates 308 fs pulses with an average power of 23.6 m W at a repetition of22 MHz. The repetition rate of traditional"figure eight"fiber lasers is limited to 10 MHz. By using nonreciprocal elements, a non PM Er-fiber laser based on a modified"s-like"cavity working at stretched pulse regime generates pulses with an average power of 36 m W at a repetition of 80 MHz. The same laser working at normal dispersion domain generates pulse train with an average power of 14 m W at a repetition of 53.6 MHz.
引文
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16 Aguergaray C,Broderick N G R,Erkintalo M,et al..Mode-locked femtosecond all-normal all-PM Yb-doped fiber laser using a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror[J].Optics Express,2012,20(10):10545-10551.
17 Xu B,Martinez A,Set S Y,et al..Polarization maintaining,nanotube-based mode-locked lasing from figure of eight fiber laser[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2014,26(2):180-182.
18 Tan Bin,Li Zhiyong,Li Shichen.Study of pulse transmission properties in nonlinear optical loop mirror[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2004,53(9):3071-3076.谈斌,李智勇,李世忱.非线性光纤环形镜的脉冲透过特性研究[J].物理学报,2004,53(9):3071-3076.
19 Yariv,Amnon.Operator algebra for propagation problems involving phase conjugation and nonreciprocal elements[J].Applied Optics,1987,26(21):4538-4540.
20 Haensel W,Holzwarth R,Doubek R,et al..Laser with Non-Linear Optical Loop Mirror[P].US Patent:8 873 601,[2014-10-28].
21 Pandit N,Noske D U,Kelly S M J,et al..Characteristic instability of fibre loop soliton lasers[J].Electronics Letters,1992,28(5):455-457.
2 Mamalis N.Femtosecond laser:the future of cataract surgery[J].Journal of Cataract&Refractive Surgery,2011,37(7):1177-1178.
3 Huang Zhijian,Sun Junqiang.Self-starting mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser[J].Acta Optica Sinica,1998,18(8):961-966.黄志坚,孙军强.自启动被动锁模掺饵光纤激光器的研究[J].光学学报,1998,18(8):961-966.
4 Huang Zhijian,Sun Junqiang.Study on nonlinear amplifying compound loop mirror and passively mode locked erbium doped fiber laser[J].Chinese J Lasers,1998,25(9):774-780.黄志坚,孙军强.非线性放大复合环形镜及被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器的研究[J].中国激光,1998,25(9):774-780.
5 Okhotnikov O,Grudinin A,Pessa M.Ultra-fast fibre laser systems based on SESAM technology:new horizons and applications[J].New Journal of Physics,2004,6(1):177.
6 Yamashita S,Set S Y,Goh C S,et al..Ultrafast saturable absorbers based on carbon nanotubes and their applications to passively modelocked fiber lasers[J].Electronics and Communications in Japan(Part II:Electronics),2007,90(2):17-24.
7 Song Qiuyan,Chen Genxiang,Tan Xiaolin,et al..Multi-wavelength passively mode-locked laser based on single-walled carbon nanotube[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(1):0102002.宋秋艳,陈根祥,谭晓琳,等.基于单壁碳纳米管的多波长被动锁模激光器[J].中国激光,2014,41(1):0102002.
8 Huang Wenyu,Feng Dejun,Jiang Shouzhen,et al..Erbium-doped fiber laser based on single-layer graphene saturable absorber[J].Chinese J Lasers,2013,40(2):0202001.黄文育,冯德军,姜守振,等.基于单层石墨烯可饱和吸收的掺铒光纤激光器[J].中国激光,2013,40(2):0202001
9 Zhang H,Tang D Y,Zhao L M,et al..Compact graphene mode-locked wavelength-tunable erbium-doped fiber lasers:from all anomalous dispersion to all normal dispersion[J].Laser Physics Letters,2010,7(8):591-596.
10 Ren Jun,Wu Sida,Cheng Zhaochen,et al..Mode-locked femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser based on graphene oxide versus semiconductor saturable absorber mirror[J].Chinese J Lasers,2015,42(6):0602013.任军,吴思达,程昭晨,等.基于氧化石墨烯与半导体可饱和吸收镜的锁模飞秒掺铒光纤激光器[J].中国激光,2015,42(6):0602013.
11 Matsas,V J,Richardson D J,Newson T P,et al..Characterization of a self-starting,passively mode-locked fiber ring laser that exploits nonlinear polarization evolution[J].Optics Letters,1993,18(5):358-360.
12 Li Chao,Zhao Lei,Huang Zhihua,et al..Simulation study on amplitude stability in nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked fiber laser[J].Chinese J Lasers,2013,40(2):0202007.李超,赵磊,黄志华,等.非线性偏振旋转锁模光纤激光器幅值稳定性模拟研究[J].中国激光,2013,40(2):0202007.
13 Doran N J,Wood D.Nonlinear-optical loop mirror[J].Optics Letters,1988,13(1):56-58.
14 Ma Haiquan,Liu Chang,Zhao Wei,et al..Figure-of-eight cavity Yb3+-doped fiber mode-locked lasers[J].Chinese J Lasers,2005,32(9):1173-1177.马海全,刘畅,赵卫,等.8字形腔锁模掺Yb3+光纤激光器[J].中国激光,2005,32(9):1173-1177.
15 Nicholson J W,Andrejco M.A polarization maintaining,dispersion managed,femtosecond figure-eight fiber laser[J].Optics Express,2006,14(18):8160-8167.
16 Aguergaray C,Broderick N G R,Erkintalo M,et al..Mode-locked femtosecond all-normal all-PM Yb-doped fiber laser using a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror[J].Optics Express,2012,20(10):10545-10551.
17 Xu B,Martinez A,Set S Y,et al..Polarization maintaining,nanotube-based mode-locked lasing from figure of eight fiber laser[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2014,26(2):180-182.
18 Tan Bin,Li Zhiyong,Li Shichen.Study of pulse transmission properties in nonlinear optical loop mirror[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2004,53(9):3071-3076.谈斌,李智勇,李世忱.非线性光纤环形镜的脉冲透过特性研究[J].物理学报,2004,53(9):3071-3076.
19 Yariv,Amnon.Operator algebra for propagation problems involving phase conjugation and nonreciprocal elements[J].Applied Optics,1987,26(21):4538-4540.
20 Haensel W,Holzwarth R,Doubek R,et al..Laser with Non-Linear Optical Loop Mirror[P].US Patent:8 873 601,[2014-10-28].
21 Pandit N,Noske D U,Kelly S M J,et al..Characteristic instability of fibre loop soliton lasers[J].Electronics Letters,1992,28(5):455-457.