锆石微量元素及其揭示的深部过程
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摘要
近十年来对锆石研究已从早期的U-Pb放射性同位素定年和锆石同位素分析,发展到大量研究锆石的微量元素。锆石微量元素不仅可以作为锆石Ti温度计估算岩浆温度,也可以用来识别锆石及其母岩的岩石类型和成因,区分岩浆熔体或者流体控制的岩浆作用、变质作用、成矿作用等深部作用过程。文中在归纳总结岩浆锆石、变质锆石、热液锆石、碎屑锆石等不同类型锆石的微量元素成分基础上,以青藏高原碰撞后超钾质岩石中产出的锆石为例,系统介绍了超钾质岩石中各类锆石的结构、年龄和微量元素特征,并应用于解释超钾质岩石成因、岩浆源区成分、岩浆演化和上部地壳物质的混染、下地壳加厚和高原隆升之间的关系。
Zircon research has been well developed in the past 10 years,from simple U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis to detailed investigation of major and trace elements in various types of zircons.Trace elements in zircons were used not only for estimating magma temperatures by Ti thermometer or identifying rock type and origin,but also for discriminating magmatic,metamorphic and mineralization processes likely controlled by magmatic melts or hydrothermal fluids during zircon crystallization.In this review,we first summarized the major features (texture and trace elemental contents) of magmatic, metamorphic,hydrothermal and detrital zircons.We then carried out a case study on zircons from the post-collisional ultrapotassic rock from southern Tibetan Plateau.We presented the structures,ages and trace elemental characteristics of various types of zircons from ultrapotassic rock and used these zircon characteristics to explain the petrogenesis of ultrapotassic rock,compositions of magma source regions,crustal contamination during magma evolutionary processes,and relationship between lower crust thickening and plateau uplifting.
Zircon research has been well developed in the past 10 years,from simple U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis to detailed investigation of major and trace elements in various types of zircons.Trace elements in zircons were used not only for estimating magma temperatures by Ti thermometer or identifying rock type and origin,but also for discriminating magmatic,metamorphic and mineralization processes likely controlled by magmatic melts or hydrothermal fluids during zircon crystallization.In this review,we first summarized the major features (texture and trace elemental contents) of magmatic, metamorphic,hydrothermal and detrital zircons.We then carried out a case study on zircons from the post-collisional ultrapotassic rock from southern Tibetan Plateau.We presented the structures,ages and trace elemental characteristics of various types of zircons from ultrapotassic rock and used these zircon characteristics to explain the petrogenesis of ultrapotassic rock,compositions of magma source regions,crustal contamination during magma evolutionary processes,and relationship between lower crust thickening and plateau uplifting.
引文
[1]WATSON E B,HARRISON T M.Zircon saturation revisited:temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1983,64:295-304.
[2]WATSON E B,WARK D A,THOMAS J B.Crystallization thermometers for zircon and rutile[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,2006,151:413-433.
[3]BELOUSOVA E,SUZANNE G W,FISHER Y.Igneous zircon:trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,2002,143:602-622.
[4]吴元保,郑永飞.锆石成因矿物学研究及其对U-Pb年龄解释的制约[J].科学通报,2004,49(16):1589-1604.
[5]HOSKIN P W O.Minor and trace element analysis of natural zircon(ZrSiO4)by SIMS and laser ablation ICPMS:a consideration and comparison of two broadly competitive techniques[J].Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques,1998,16:301-326.
[6]HOSKIN P W O,IRELAND T R.Rare earth element chemistry of zircon and its use as a provenance indicator[J].Geology,2000,28:627-630.
[7]HOSKIN P W O.Trace-element composition of hydrothermal zircon and the alteration of hadean zircon from the Jack Hills,Australia[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69:637-648.
[8]SUN S S,MCDONOUGH WF.Chemical and isotope systematics of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1989,42:313-345.
[9]WANG Q,ZHU D C,ZHAO Z D,et al.Magmatic zircons from I-,S-and A-type granitoids in Tibet:trace element characteristics and their application to detrital zircon provenance study[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,53:59-66.
[10]PEARCE J A,HARRIS N B W,TINDLE A G.Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks[J].Journal of Petrology,1984,25:956-983.
[11]NARDI L V S,FORMOSO M L L,MLLER I F,et al.Zircon/rock partition coefficients of REEs,Y,Th,U,Nb,and Ta in granitic rocks:uses for provenance and mineral exploration purposes[J].Chemical Geology,2013,335:1-7.
[12]赵振华.矿物微量元素组成用于火成岩构造背景判别[J].大地构造与成矿学,2016,40(5):986-995.
[13]GRIMES C B,WOODEN J L,CHEADLE M J,et al.“Fingerprinting”tectono-magmatic provenance using trace elements in igneous zircon[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,2015,170(5/6):46.
[14]CARLEY T L,MILLER C F,WOODEN J L,et al.Iceland is not a magmatic analog for the Hadean:evidence from the zircon record[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2014,405:85-97.
[15]YAN L L,HE Z Y,BEIER C,et al.Zircon trace element constrains on the link between volcanism and plutonism in SE China[J].Lithos,2018,320/321:28-34.
[16]TRAIL D,WATSON E B,TAILBY N D.Ce and Eu anomalies in zircon as proxies for the oxidation state of magmas[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2012,97:70-87.
[17]LOADER M A,WILKINSON J J,ARMSTRONG R N.The effect of titanite crystallisation on Eu and Ce anomalies in zircon and its implications for the assessment of porphyry Cu deposit fertility[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2017,472:107-119.
[18]李秋立,李曙光,侯振辉,等.青龙山榴辉岩高压变质新生锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年、微量元素及矿物包裹体研究[J].科学通报,2004,49(22):2329-2334.
[19]RUBATTO D.Zircon trace element geochemistry:partitioning with garnet and the link between U-Pb ages and metamorphism[J].Chemical Geology,2002,184:123-138.
[20]HU J,JIANG N,FAN W,et al.Comparison of metamorphic zircons from granulite xenoliths and granulite terrain in northern North China Craton[J].Precambrian Research,2017,303:414-427.
[21]王亚伟,刘良,廖小莹,等.秦岭杂岩清油河斜长角闪岩多期变质的证据:来自锆石微量元素和包裹体的启示[J].岩石学报,2016,32(5):1467-1492.
[22]AYERS J C,PETERS T J.Zircon/fluid trace element partition coefficients measured by recrystallization of Mud Tank zircon at 1.5GPa and 800-1000℃[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2018,223(15):60-74.
[23]LI H,LI J W,ALGEO T J,et al.Zircon indicators of fluid sources and ore genesis in a multi-stage hydrothermal system:the Dongping Au deposit in North China[J].Lithos,2018,314/315:463-478.
[24]NARDI L V S,FORMOSO M L L,JARVIS K,et al.REE,Y,Nb,U,and Th contents and tetrad effect in zircon from a magmatic-hydrothermal F-rich system of Sn-rare metalocryolite mineralized granites from the Pitinga Mine,Amazonia,Brazil[J].Journal of South American Earth Sciences,2012,33:34-42.
[25]TAKEHARA M,HORIE K,HOKADA T,et al.New insight into disturbance of U-Pb and trace-element systems in hydrothermally altered zircon via SHRIMP analyses of zircon from the Duluth Gabbro[J].Chemical Geology,2018,484:168-178.
[26]PARK C,SONG Y,CHUNG D,et al.Recrystallization and hydrothermal growth of high U-Th zircon in the Weondong deposit,Korea:record of post-magmatic alteration[J].Lithos,2016,260:268-285.
[27]王家林,李壮.碎屑锆石微量元素对物源区的指示:以辽东半岛辽河群为例[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(2):36-50.
[28]LIU D,ZHAO Z,ZHU D C,et al.Zircon xenocrysts in Tibetan ultrapotassic magmas:imaging the deep crust through time[J].Geology,2014,42(1):43-46.
[29]HOSKIN P W O,SCHALTEGGER U.The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis[J].Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,2003,53:27-62.
[30]RUBATTO D,HERMANN J.Zircon behaviour in deeply subducted rocks[J].Elements,2007,3:31-35.
[31]GUAN Q,ZHU DVC,ZHAO Z,et al.Crustal thickening prior to 38Ma in southern Tibet:evidence from lower crustderived adakitic magmatism in the Gangdese Batholith[J].Gondwana Research,2012,21:88-99.
[32]JI W Q,WU F Y,LIU C Z,et al.Early Eocene crustal thickening in southern Tibet:new age and geochemical constraints from the Gangdese batholith[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,53:82-95.
[33]ZHAO Z,MO X,DILEK Y,et al.Geochemical and Sr-NdPb-O isotopic compositions of the post-collisional ultrapotassic magmatism in SW Tibet:petrogenesis and implications for India intra-continental subduction beneath southern Tibet[J].Lithos,2009,113:190-212.
[34]LIU D,ZHAO Z,ZHU D C,et al.Postcollisional potassic and ultrapotassic rocks in southern Tibet:mantle and crustal origins in response to India-Asia collision and convergence[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2014,143:207-231.
[35]MO X,NIU Y,DONG G,et al.Contribution of syncollisional felsic magmatism to continental crust growth:a case study of the Paleogene Linzizong Volcanic Succession in southern Tibet[J].Chemical Geology,2008,250:49-68.
[36]ZHU D C,WANG Q,ZHAO Z D.Constraining quantitatively the timing and process of continent-continent collision using magmatic record:method and examples[J].Science China:Earth Science,2017,60(6):1040-1056.
[37]ZHU D C,WANG Q,CAWOOD P A,et al.Raising the Gangdese Mountains in southern Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2017,122:214-223.
[38]ZHU D C,WANG Q,CHUNG S L,et a.Gangdese magmatism in southern Tibet and India-Asia convergence since120 Ma[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,2018.https:∥doi.org/10.1144/SP483.14
[39]朱弟成,王青,赵志丹.岩浆岩定量限定陆-陆碰撞时间和过程的方法和实例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(6):657-673.
[40]WANG C S,ZHAO X X,LIU Z F,et al.Constraints on the early uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America,2008,105:4987-4992.
[41]DING L,XU Q,YUE Y H,et al.The Andean-type Gangdese Mountains:paleoelevation record from the PaleoceneEocene Linzhou Basin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2014,392:250-264.
[42]WILLIAMS H M,TURNER S P,PEARCE J A,et al.Nature of the source regions for post-collisional,potassic magmatism in southern and northern Tibet from geochemical variations and inverse trace element modelling[J].Journal of Petrology,2004,45(3):555-607.
[43]DING L,KAPP P,ZHONG D,et al.Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet:evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction[J].Journal of Petrology,2003,44:1833-1865.
[44]赵志丹,莫宣学,孙晨光,等.青藏高原南部地幔包体的发现及其意义[J].岩石学报,2008,24(2):193-202.
[45]HERZBERG C,ZHANG J.Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1:compositions of magmas in the upper mantle and transition zone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B4):8271-8295.
[46]GAETANI G A,GROVE T L.The influence of water on melting of mantle peridotite[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1998,131(4):323-346.
[47]TENNER T J,HIRSCHMANN M M,HUMAYUN M.The effect of H2O on partial melting of garnet peridotite at3.5GPa[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2012,13(3):Q03016.
[2]WATSON E B,WARK D A,THOMAS J B.Crystallization thermometers for zircon and rutile[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,2006,151:413-433.
[3]BELOUSOVA E,SUZANNE G W,FISHER Y.Igneous zircon:trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,2002,143:602-622.
[4]吴元保,郑永飞.锆石成因矿物学研究及其对U-Pb年龄解释的制约[J].科学通报,2004,49(16):1589-1604.
[5]HOSKIN P W O.Minor and trace element analysis of natural zircon(ZrSiO4)by SIMS and laser ablation ICPMS:a consideration and comparison of two broadly competitive techniques[J].Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques,1998,16:301-326.
[6]HOSKIN P W O,IRELAND T R.Rare earth element chemistry of zircon and its use as a provenance indicator[J].Geology,2000,28:627-630.
[7]HOSKIN P W O.Trace-element composition of hydrothermal zircon and the alteration of hadean zircon from the Jack Hills,Australia[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69:637-648.
[8]SUN S S,MCDONOUGH WF.Chemical and isotope systematics of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1989,42:313-345.
[9]WANG Q,ZHU D C,ZHAO Z D,et al.Magmatic zircons from I-,S-and A-type granitoids in Tibet:trace element characteristics and their application to detrital zircon provenance study[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,53:59-66.
[10]PEARCE J A,HARRIS N B W,TINDLE A G.Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks[J].Journal of Petrology,1984,25:956-983.
[11]NARDI L V S,FORMOSO M L L,MLLER I F,et al.Zircon/rock partition coefficients of REEs,Y,Th,U,Nb,and Ta in granitic rocks:uses for provenance and mineral exploration purposes[J].Chemical Geology,2013,335:1-7.
[12]赵振华.矿物微量元素组成用于火成岩构造背景判别[J].大地构造与成矿学,2016,40(5):986-995.
[13]GRIMES C B,WOODEN J L,CHEADLE M J,et al.“Fingerprinting”tectono-magmatic provenance using trace elements in igneous zircon[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,2015,170(5/6):46.
[14]CARLEY T L,MILLER C F,WOODEN J L,et al.Iceland is not a magmatic analog for the Hadean:evidence from the zircon record[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2014,405:85-97.
[15]YAN L L,HE Z Y,BEIER C,et al.Zircon trace element constrains on the link between volcanism and plutonism in SE China[J].Lithos,2018,320/321:28-34.
[16]TRAIL D,WATSON E B,TAILBY N D.Ce and Eu anomalies in zircon as proxies for the oxidation state of magmas[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2012,97:70-87.
[17]LOADER M A,WILKINSON J J,ARMSTRONG R N.The effect of titanite crystallisation on Eu and Ce anomalies in zircon and its implications for the assessment of porphyry Cu deposit fertility[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2017,472:107-119.
[18]李秋立,李曙光,侯振辉,等.青龙山榴辉岩高压变质新生锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年、微量元素及矿物包裹体研究[J].科学通报,2004,49(22):2329-2334.
[19]RUBATTO D.Zircon trace element geochemistry:partitioning with garnet and the link between U-Pb ages and metamorphism[J].Chemical Geology,2002,184:123-138.
[20]HU J,JIANG N,FAN W,et al.Comparison of metamorphic zircons from granulite xenoliths and granulite terrain in northern North China Craton[J].Precambrian Research,2017,303:414-427.
[21]王亚伟,刘良,廖小莹,等.秦岭杂岩清油河斜长角闪岩多期变质的证据:来自锆石微量元素和包裹体的启示[J].岩石学报,2016,32(5):1467-1492.
[22]AYERS J C,PETERS T J.Zircon/fluid trace element partition coefficients measured by recrystallization of Mud Tank zircon at 1.5GPa and 800-1000℃[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2018,223(15):60-74.
[23]LI H,LI J W,ALGEO T J,et al.Zircon indicators of fluid sources and ore genesis in a multi-stage hydrothermal system:the Dongping Au deposit in North China[J].Lithos,2018,314/315:463-478.
[24]NARDI L V S,FORMOSO M L L,JARVIS K,et al.REE,Y,Nb,U,and Th contents and tetrad effect in zircon from a magmatic-hydrothermal F-rich system of Sn-rare metalocryolite mineralized granites from the Pitinga Mine,Amazonia,Brazil[J].Journal of South American Earth Sciences,2012,33:34-42.
[25]TAKEHARA M,HORIE K,HOKADA T,et al.New insight into disturbance of U-Pb and trace-element systems in hydrothermally altered zircon via SHRIMP analyses of zircon from the Duluth Gabbro[J].Chemical Geology,2018,484:168-178.
[26]PARK C,SONG Y,CHUNG D,et al.Recrystallization and hydrothermal growth of high U-Th zircon in the Weondong deposit,Korea:record of post-magmatic alteration[J].Lithos,2016,260:268-285.
[27]王家林,李壮.碎屑锆石微量元素对物源区的指示:以辽东半岛辽河群为例[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(2):36-50.
[28]LIU D,ZHAO Z,ZHU D C,et al.Zircon xenocrysts in Tibetan ultrapotassic magmas:imaging the deep crust through time[J].Geology,2014,42(1):43-46.
[29]HOSKIN P W O,SCHALTEGGER U.The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis[J].Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,2003,53:27-62.
[30]RUBATTO D,HERMANN J.Zircon behaviour in deeply subducted rocks[J].Elements,2007,3:31-35.
[31]GUAN Q,ZHU DVC,ZHAO Z,et al.Crustal thickening prior to 38Ma in southern Tibet:evidence from lower crustderived adakitic magmatism in the Gangdese Batholith[J].Gondwana Research,2012,21:88-99.
[32]JI W Q,WU F Y,LIU C Z,et al.Early Eocene crustal thickening in southern Tibet:new age and geochemical constraints from the Gangdese batholith[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,53:82-95.
[33]ZHAO Z,MO X,DILEK Y,et al.Geochemical and Sr-NdPb-O isotopic compositions of the post-collisional ultrapotassic magmatism in SW Tibet:petrogenesis and implications for India intra-continental subduction beneath southern Tibet[J].Lithos,2009,113:190-212.
[34]LIU D,ZHAO Z,ZHU D C,et al.Postcollisional potassic and ultrapotassic rocks in southern Tibet:mantle and crustal origins in response to India-Asia collision and convergence[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2014,143:207-231.
[35]MO X,NIU Y,DONG G,et al.Contribution of syncollisional felsic magmatism to continental crust growth:a case study of the Paleogene Linzizong Volcanic Succession in southern Tibet[J].Chemical Geology,2008,250:49-68.
[36]ZHU D C,WANG Q,ZHAO Z D.Constraining quantitatively the timing and process of continent-continent collision using magmatic record:method and examples[J].Science China:Earth Science,2017,60(6):1040-1056.
[37]ZHU D C,WANG Q,CAWOOD P A,et al.Raising the Gangdese Mountains in southern Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2017,122:214-223.
[38]ZHU D C,WANG Q,CHUNG S L,et a.Gangdese magmatism in southern Tibet and India-Asia convergence since120 Ma[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,2018.https:∥doi.org/10.1144/SP483.14
[39]朱弟成,王青,赵志丹.岩浆岩定量限定陆-陆碰撞时间和过程的方法和实例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(6):657-673.
[40]WANG C S,ZHAO X X,LIU Z F,et al.Constraints on the early uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America,2008,105:4987-4992.
[41]DING L,XU Q,YUE Y H,et al.The Andean-type Gangdese Mountains:paleoelevation record from the PaleoceneEocene Linzhou Basin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2014,392:250-264.
[42]WILLIAMS H M,TURNER S P,PEARCE J A,et al.Nature of the source regions for post-collisional,potassic magmatism in southern and northern Tibet from geochemical variations and inverse trace element modelling[J].Journal of Petrology,2004,45(3):555-607.
[43]DING L,KAPP P,ZHONG D,et al.Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet:evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction[J].Journal of Petrology,2003,44:1833-1865.
[44]赵志丹,莫宣学,孙晨光,等.青藏高原南部地幔包体的发现及其意义[J].岩石学报,2008,24(2):193-202.
[45]HERZBERG C,ZHANG J.Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1:compositions of magmas in the upper mantle and transition zone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B4):8271-8295.
[46]GAETANI G A,GROVE T L.The influence of water on melting of mantle peridotite[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1998,131(4):323-346.
[47]TENNER T J,HIRSCHMANN M M,HUMAYUN M.The effect of H2O on partial melting of garnet peridotite at3.5GPa[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2012,13(3):Q03016.