浅埋式滴灌湿润锋发展规律试验研究
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摘要
根据苜蓿浅埋式滴灌的发展需求,针对滴头埋深、流量等因素对滴灌湿润体发展的影响规律开展了室内试验研究。利用新疆阿勒泰地区青河县阿苇灌区苜蓿浅埋式滴灌试验区的沙壤土,对不同滴头埋深和流量,开展浅埋式滴灌条件下土壤湿润锋的发展过程、湿润锋特征值变化等试验。设置了5、10、15 cm共3个滴头埋深处理,滴灌流量控制在0.8~2.5 L/h不等。结果表明,不同埋深不同流量下零通量面湿润锋形状近似为椭圆;湿润锋的水平、垂向运移距离分别随入渗时间的增长而增大,且均与入渗时间呈幂函数关系;湿润锋水平、垂向运移距离的比值随滴头埋深增加而增大;湿润锋水平纵向运移距离随垂向深度增加呈现先增后减的趋势,纵向运移距离与垂向深度呈二次函数关系。上述结果对于浅埋式滴灌参数设计具有参考价值。
The paper aims to carry out a laboratory test on the influence of emitter depth and the flow on the development of wet body in drip irrigation, according to the development demand of alfalfa shallow drip irrigation. Using sandy loam from shallow drip irrigation experimental zone of alfalfa in Awei Irrigation district,Qinghe County, Alay area, Xinjiang, the authors carried out the test on the development process and characteristics variation of wetting front in shallow drip irrigation aiming at different dripper depth and flow,and set 3 dripper depth treatments of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, the flow ranged from 0.8-2.5 L/h. The results showed that: the wetting front shape of 0 flux surface under different depth and flow was approximately elliptic;the horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front increased with the infiltration time respectively and there was power function relationship between horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front and infiltration time; the ratio of horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front increased with the increasing of dripper depth; the vertical migration distance of wetting front first increased then decreased with the increasing vertical depth, the vertical migration distance and vertical depth had a quadratic function relationship. The above results have reference value for the parameters design of shallow drip irrigation.
The paper aims to carry out a laboratory test on the influence of emitter depth and the flow on the development of wet body in drip irrigation, according to the development demand of alfalfa shallow drip irrigation. Using sandy loam from shallow drip irrigation experimental zone of alfalfa in Awei Irrigation district,Qinghe County, Alay area, Xinjiang, the authors carried out the test on the development process and characteristics variation of wetting front in shallow drip irrigation aiming at different dripper depth and flow,and set 3 dripper depth treatments of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, the flow ranged from 0.8-2.5 L/h. The results showed that: the wetting front shape of 0 flux surface under different depth and flow was approximately elliptic;the horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front increased with the infiltration time respectively and there was power function relationship between horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front and infiltration time; the ratio of horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front increased with the increasing of dripper depth; the vertical migration distance of wetting front first increased then decreased with the increasing vertical depth, the vertical migration distance and vertical depth had a quadratic function relationship. The above results have reference value for the parameters design of shallow drip irrigation.
引文
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[2]张树振,张鲜花,隋晓青,等.地下滴灌苜蓿地土壤水分分布规律[J].草业科学,2015,32(7):1047-1053.
[3]卢俊寰,汪有科.滴灌土壤湿润体特性室外试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(3):1-6.
[4]程冬玲,李富先,林性粹.苜蓿田间地下滴灌效应试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2004(5):1-3.
[5]夏玉慧,汪有科,汪治同.地下滴灌埋设深度对紫花苜蓿生长的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(3):298-302.
[6]李富先,林性粹.地下滴灌苜蓿田间需水规律试验研究[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2009,27(1):15-18.
[7]岳海英,李援农.滴灌土壤湿润体含水率分布规律的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(2):137-139.
[8]Provenzano G.Using HYDRUS-2D simulation model to evaluate wetted soil volume in subsurface drip irrigation systems[J].Journal of Irrigation&rainage Engineering,2007,133(4):342-349.
[9]夏玉慧,汪有科,王江,等.陕北风沙滩地区紫花苜蓿地下滴灌带埋设深度初步研究[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(4):100-104.
[10]张新燕,蔡焕杰.覆膜侧渗沟灌二维入渗数值模拟研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(6):87-90.
[11]白美健,许迪,李益农.不同微地形条件下入渗空间变异对畦灌性能影响分析[J].水利学报,2010,41(6):732-738.
[12]王超,李援农.地下滴灌土壤水分运移分布规律试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(1):136-138.
[13]缴锡云,王文焰.张建丰.单点膜孔入渗特性的试验研究[J].水利学报,1999,30(7):0033-0040.
[14]韩方军.浅谈牧草浅埋式滴灌技术示范与推广项目的实施[J].新疆水利,2014(5):19-21.
[15]申祥民,雷晓云,李彦,等.膜下滴灌棉田土壤水分参数的空间变异性分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(2):41-43.
[16]徐首先,魏玉强,聂新山,等.膜孔灌理论及实用技术初步研究[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(3):23-29.
[17]吴军虎.膜孔灌溉入渗特性与技术要素实验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学水利水电学院,2000.
[18]张中海.Surfer软件在膜孔灌溉土壤含水率绘制中的应用[J].地下水,2011,33(5):27-29.
[19]费良军,吴军虎,王文焰,等.膜孔灌多点交汇入渗特性[A].中国农业工程学会农业水土工程专业委员会学术研讨会[C].2000.
[20]Naghavi H,Nia M H,Googhari S K,et al.Capability of HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model for Simulating Wetting Pattern in Soil under Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems[J].Journal of Science&Technology of Agriculture&Natural Resources,2012,16(61).
[21]Ebrahimian H,Monjezi M S,Liaghat A,et al.Soil-wetting front in surface and subsurface drip irrigation[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Water Management,2013,166(5):272-284.
[22]王金魁.浅埋式滴灌技术在北疆牧区苜蓿种植的应用性探讨[J].内蒙古水利,2016(9):53-54.