畦灌不同液施模式下水氮空间分布特征
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摘要
【目的】改善土壤水氮分布。【方法】基于夏玉米生长关键期灌溉施肥的试验结果,探究畦灌不同液施模式对土壤水氮空间分布状况及其变化趋势的影响。选取畦宽(1.5、2.3、3.2 m),施肥时机(灌溉到畦长的1/3、1/2施肥和全程施肥)和改水成数(85%、90%、95%)3个因素,每个因素3个水平,设置传统畦灌进行对照,采取正交设计选取最优水平组合,以形成适合作物生长发育的土壤水氮空间分布状况。【结果】畦宽对于土壤水分沿畦长分布的变异系数有显著影响,贡献率达94.36%;改水成数影响水分和氮素沿畦长分布均匀性(DUWH和DUNH、DUNQ),尤其对氮素沿畦长分布均匀性有显著影响,贡献率分别为23.9%、91.74%和71.26%;施肥时机仅对DUWH和DUNQ有显著影响,贡献率为56.09%和27.41%。【结论】液施条件下可以改善土壤水氮空间分布;畦宽为1.5 m、灌溉到畦长1/2时施肥,改水成数为95%的施肥方式可以形成较好的土壤水氮储存效率和水氮沿畦长分布均匀性。
【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to estimate the optimal geometrical parameters of strip border fertigation of summer corn, as well as the associated spatial distribution of soil water and nitrogen.【Method】Strip border with three widths-1.5, 2.3 and 3.2 m-were studied. Fertilization ushered in when the surface water front reached 1/2, 1/3 and 100% of the border length respectively with the inflow of the fertigation cutting off when 85%, 90% and 95% of designed irrigation water was deemed to have flown into the border. The conventional border fertigation was used as the control.【Result】Spatial soil moisture distribution along the border length was significantly affected by the border width with a contribution rate of 94.36%. Along the same direction, the timing at which the inflow fertigation was cut off also had a significant effect on the uniformity of soil water and nitrogen distribution(DUWHand DUNH, DUNQ), particularly the nitrogen distribution, with a contribution rate of23.9% and 91.74% respectively. Fertilization timing only significant affected DUWHand DUNQ, with a contribution rate of 56.09% and 27.41% respectively.【Conclusion】The spatial soil water and nitrogen distribution can be improved under strip-border fertigation by setting the border width at 1.5 m, and applying the fertilizer when the surface water front reached 1/2 of the border length, followed by cutting off the inflow when 95% of water was deemed to have flown into the border. The results presented in this paper provide a guidance for water and nitrogen management to improve their use efficiency under strip border irrigation/fertigation.
【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to estimate the optimal geometrical parameters of strip border fertigation of summer corn, as well as the associated spatial distribution of soil water and nitrogen.【Method】Strip border with three widths-1.5, 2.3 and 3.2 m-were studied. Fertilization ushered in when the surface water front reached 1/2, 1/3 and 100% of the border length respectively with the inflow of the fertigation cutting off when 85%, 90% and 95% of designed irrigation water was deemed to have flown into the border. The conventional border fertigation was used as the control.【Result】Spatial soil moisture distribution along the border length was significantly affected by the border width with a contribution rate of 94.36%. Along the same direction, the timing at which the inflow fertigation was cut off also had a significant effect on the uniformity of soil water and nitrogen distribution(DUWHand DUNH, DUNQ), particularly the nitrogen distribution, with a contribution rate of23.9% and 91.74% respectively. Fertilization timing only significant affected DUWHand DUNQ, with a contribution rate of 56.09% and 27.41% respectively.【Conclusion】The spatial soil water and nitrogen distribution can be improved under strip-border fertigation by setting the border width at 1.5 m, and applying the fertilizer when the surface water front reached 1/2 of the border length, followed by cutting off the inflow when 95% of water was deemed to have flown into the border. The results presented in this paper provide a guidance for water and nitrogen management to improve their use efficiency under strip border irrigation/fertigation.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国水利部.中国水利年鉴[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2012.
[2]石玉林,卢良恕.中国农业需水与节水高效农业建设[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2001.
[3]阚常庆,廖梓龙,龙胤慧.畦灌技术研究进展[J].水科学与工程技术,2012(3):1-4.
[4]李久生,李蓓,饶敏杰.地面灌溉技术参数对氮素运移分布影响的研究进展[J].农业工程学报, 2004, 20(6):51-55.
[5] YAN Xiaoyuan, TI Chaopu, VITOUSEK Peter, et al. Fertilizer nitrogen recovery efficiencies in crop production systems of China with and with out consideration of the residual effect of nitrogen[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2014, 9(9):095002
[6]梁艳萍,许迪,李益农,等.畦灌施肥模式对土壤水氮时空分布的影响[J].水利学报, 2008, 39(11):1 221-1 228.
[7]姚欣,李金山,黄修桥,等.尊村引黄灌区果树畦田规格优化[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(3):96-102.
[8]杨玫,孙西欢.畦灌水流特性与灌水效率的田间试验研究[J].太原理工大学学报, 2007, 38(6):543-546.
[9]王明辉,徐宝山,任晓文.干旱区夏玉米畦灌灌水技术参数试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(7):113-116.
[10]白美健,许迪,李益农.不同微地形条件下入渗空间变异对畦灌性能影响分析[J].水利学报, 2010, 41(6):732-738.
[11]聂卫波,费良军,马孝义.基于土壤入渗参数空间变异性的畦灌灌水质量评价[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(1):100-105.
[12]刘懿,缴锡云,张仙,等.表施肥料条件下畦灌地表水流中氮素质量浓度变化规律[J].灌溉排水学报, 2013, 32(5):34-37.
[13] SANCHEZ C A, FARRELLPOE K L, HUNSAKER D J, et al. Performance indices for surface N fertigation[J]. Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering, 2003, 129(3):173-183.
[14] ABBASI F, ADAMSEN F J, HUNSAKER D J, et al. Effects of flow depth on water flow and solute transport in furrow irrigation:Field data analysis[J].Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering, 2003, 129(4):237-246.
[15] SHOUSE P, FEYEN J, GENUCHTEN M T V, et al. Overland water flow and solute transport:Model development and field-data analysis[J]. Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering, 2003,129(2):71-81.
[16]任建民,李明顺,董玉云,等.水平畦灌技术参数对灌水质量及春小麦产量影响的试验研究[J].水利水电技术, 2010, 41(4):75-77.
[17]白美健,许迪,李益农,等.畦灌撒施与液施硫酸铵地表水流和土壤中氮素时空分布特征[J].农业工程学报, 2011, 27(8):19-24.
[18]朱兆良,文启孝.中国土壤氮素[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社, 1992.
[19]白美健,许迪,李益农.冬小麦表施尿素畦灌下土壤水氮分布试验研究[J].水利学报, 2010, 41(10):1 254-1 260.
[20]孙秀路,黄修桥,李金山,等.波涌灌溉土壤水氮分布的田间试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2015, 34(1):33-38.
[21]任开兴.丘陵山区波涌沟灌试验及其技术要素优化[D].晋中:山西农业大学, 2003.
[22] MOHAN S, Vijayalakshmi D P. Prediction of irrigation return flows through a hierarchical modeling approach.[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2009,(2):233-246.
[23] ADAMSEN F J, HUNSAKER D J, PEREA H. Border strip fertigation:effect of injection strategies on the distribution of bromide[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 2005, 48(2):529-540.
[2]石玉林,卢良恕.中国农业需水与节水高效农业建设[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2001.
[3]阚常庆,廖梓龙,龙胤慧.畦灌技术研究进展[J].水科学与工程技术,2012(3):1-4.
[4]李久生,李蓓,饶敏杰.地面灌溉技术参数对氮素运移分布影响的研究进展[J].农业工程学报, 2004, 20(6):51-55.
[5] YAN Xiaoyuan, TI Chaopu, VITOUSEK Peter, et al. Fertilizer nitrogen recovery efficiencies in crop production systems of China with and with out consideration of the residual effect of nitrogen[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2014, 9(9):095002
[6]梁艳萍,许迪,李益农,等.畦灌施肥模式对土壤水氮时空分布的影响[J].水利学报, 2008, 39(11):1 221-1 228.
[7]姚欣,李金山,黄修桥,等.尊村引黄灌区果树畦田规格优化[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(3):96-102.
[8]杨玫,孙西欢.畦灌水流特性与灌水效率的田间试验研究[J].太原理工大学学报, 2007, 38(6):543-546.
[9]王明辉,徐宝山,任晓文.干旱区夏玉米畦灌灌水技术参数试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(7):113-116.
[10]白美健,许迪,李益农.不同微地形条件下入渗空间变异对畦灌性能影响分析[J].水利学报, 2010, 41(6):732-738.
[11]聂卫波,费良军,马孝义.基于土壤入渗参数空间变异性的畦灌灌水质量评价[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(1):100-105.
[12]刘懿,缴锡云,张仙,等.表施肥料条件下畦灌地表水流中氮素质量浓度变化规律[J].灌溉排水学报, 2013, 32(5):34-37.
[13] SANCHEZ C A, FARRELLPOE K L, HUNSAKER D J, et al. Performance indices for surface N fertigation[J]. Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering, 2003, 129(3):173-183.
[14] ABBASI F, ADAMSEN F J, HUNSAKER D J, et al. Effects of flow depth on water flow and solute transport in furrow irrigation:Field data analysis[J].Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering, 2003, 129(4):237-246.
[15] SHOUSE P, FEYEN J, GENUCHTEN M T V, et al. Overland water flow and solute transport:Model development and field-data analysis[J]. Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering, 2003,129(2):71-81.
[16]任建民,李明顺,董玉云,等.水平畦灌技术参数对灌水质量及春小麦产量影响的试验研究[J].水利水电技术, 2010, 41(4):75-77.
[17]白美健,许迪,李益农,等.畦灌撒施与液施硫酸铵地表水流和土壤中氮素时空分布特征[J].农业工程学报, 2011, 27(8):19-24.
[18]朱兆良,文启孝.中国土壤氮素[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社, 1992.
[19]白美健,许迪,李益农.冬小麦表施尿素畦灌下土壤水氮分布试验研究[J].水利学报, 2010, 41(10):1 254-1 260.
[20]孙秀路,黄修桥,李金山,等.波涌灌溉土壤水氮分布的田间试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2015, 34(1):33-38.
[21]任开兴.丘陵山区波涌沟灌试验及其技术要素优化[D].晋中:山西农业大学, 2003.
[22] MOHAN S, Vijayalakshmi D P. Prediction of irrigation return flows through a hierarchical modeling approach.[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2009,(2):233-246.
[23] ADAMSEN F J, HUNSAKER D J, PEREA H. Border strip fertigation:effect of injection strategies on the distribution of bromide[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 2005, 48(2):529-540.