变应性鼻炎儿童的智力结构与个性特征分析
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摘要
目的探讨变应性鼻炎儿童的智力结构与个性特征。方法选取126例确诊为变应性鼻炎儿童,根据病情严重程度分为轻度组和中重度组,同时选取45例健康对照组,应用韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)评估轻度组、中重度组与健康对照组的智力结构与个性特征。结果轻度组与对照组相比,总智商(FIQ)、言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ),各分测验及智力发展不平衡发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中重度组与对照组相比,总智商(FIQ)、言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各分测验中知识、领悟、算术、数字广度、词汇、填图、编码及智力发展不平衡发生率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EPQ评分显示:轻度组与对照组相比,各维度标准分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中重度组与对照组相比,精神质维度评分高,内外向维度评分低,神经质维度评分高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中重度持续性变应性鼻炎儿童智商水平普遍偏低,患儿智力结构损害以知识、领悟、词汇为代表的反映言语理解因子和以算术、数字广度、编码为代表的反映记忆/注意因子方面为主,智力结构发展不平衡;患儿人格特质以情绪不稳、敏感、孤僻等抑郁质倾向为主。
Objective To study the intelligence structure and personality characteristics of children with allergic rhinitis.Methods 126 children who were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis were divided into mild group and moderate to severe group according to the severity of the disease. And 45 healthy children were selected as control group. The mild group、moderate to severe group and control group were evaluated with the Chinese Version Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children( C- WISC) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire( EPQ). Results Compared with the control group,there was no statistical difference in full scale intelligence quotient( FIQ) 、verbal scale intelligence quotient( VIQ) 、performance scale intelligence quotient( PIQ),subtests of C- WISC and the unbalance between VIQ and PIQ incidence rate in mild group( P > 0. 05),but there was statistically significant difference in full scale intelligence quotient( FIQ) 、verbal scale intelligence quotient( VIQ) 、performance scale intelligence quotient( PIQ) between moderate to severe group and control group( P < 0. 05),at the same time,there was statistically significant difference in the subjects including the score of information comprehension arithmetic digit span vocabulary picture completion digit symbol and the un- balance between VIQ and PIQ incidence rate between two groups( P < 0. 05). There was no difference in the scores of the dimensions in EPQ between mild group and control group( P > 0. 05),compared with the control group,the score of psychoticism and neuroticism of the moderate to severe group was higher,however,the score of introversion- ex- traversion was lower,and the difference was statistical significant( P < 0. 05). Conclusion The IQ were normally low in allergic rhinitis children who the symptoms are persistent and the level is moderate to severe. Both reflecting speech understanding factors which is represented by information,comprehension,vocabulary and reflecting memory / attention factors which is represented by arithmetic,digit span,digit symbol are dominated in intelligence structure damage of these children, and the structure of intelligence development is not balanced. The children have the personality characteristics of emotional instability、sensitive、solitary and melancholic temperament.
Objective To study the intelligence structure and personality characteristics of children with allergic rhinitis.Methods 126 children who were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis were divided into mild group and moderate to severe group according to the severity of the disease. And 45 healthy children were selected as control group. The mild group、moderate to severe group and control group were evaluated with the Chinese Version Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children( C- WISC) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire( EPQ). Results Compared with the control group,there was no statistical difference in full scale intelligence quotient( FIQ) 、verbal scale intelligence quotient( VIQ) 、performance scale intelligence quotient( PIQ),subtests of C- WISC and the unbalance between VIQ and PIQ incidence rate in mild group( P > 0. 05),but there was statistically significant difference in full scale intelligence quotient( FIQ) 、verbal scale intelligence quotient( VIQ) 、performance scale intelligence quotient( PIQ) between moderate to severe group and control group( P < 0. 05),at the same time,there was statistically significant difference in the subjects including the score of information comprehension arithmetic digit span vocabulary picture completion digit symbol and the un- balance between VIQ and PIQ incidence rate between two groups( P < 0. 05). There was no difference in the scores of the dimensions in EPQ between mild group and control group( P > 0. 05),compared with the control group,the score of psychoticism and neuroticism of the moderate to severe group was higher,however,the score of introversion- ex- traversion was lower,and the difference was statistical significant( P < 0. 05). Conclusion The IQ were normally low in allergic rhinitis children who the symptoms are persistent and the level is moderate to severe. Both reflecting speech understanding factors which is represented by information,comprehension,vocabulary and reflecting memory / attention factors which is represented by arithmetic,digit span,digit symbol are dominated in intelligence structure damage of these children, and the structure of intelligence development is not balanced. The children have the personality characteristics of emotional instability、sensitive、solitary and melancholic temperament.
引文
[1]Zhang Y,Zhang L.Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in china[J].Allergy Asthma Immunol Res,2014,6(2):105-113.
[2]Fang BJ,Tonelli LH,Soriano JJ,et al.Disturbed sleep:linking allergic rhinitis,mood and suicidal behavior[J].Front Biosci(Schol Ed),2010,1(2):30-46.
[3]Léger D,Annesi-Maesano I,Carat F,et al.Allergic rhinitis and its consequences on quality of sleep:an unexplored area[J].Arch Intern Med,2006,166(16):1744-1748.
[4]Kremer B,den Hartoq HM,Jolles J.Relationship between allergic rhinitis,disturbed cognitive functions and psychological wellbeing[J].Clin Exp Allergy,2002,32(9):1310-1315.
[5]Wilken JA,Berkowitz R,Kane R.Decrements in vigilance and cognitive functioning associated with ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis[J].Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol,2002,89(4):372-380.
[6]Randy A,Sansone MD,Lori A,et al.Allergic rhinitis:relationships with anxiety and mood syndromes[J].Innov Clin Neurosci,2011,8(7):12-17.
[7]柯霞,钱迪,朱丽敏,等.变应性鼻炎患者生存质量及个性特征分析[J].临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2010,24(5):202.
[8]吕晓飞,张罗.变应性鼻炎与精神心理紊乱[J].国际耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2010,34(2):97-99.
[9]Postolache TT,Komarow H,Tonelli LH.Allergy:a risk factor for suicide?[J].Curt Treat Options Neurol,2008,10(5):363-376.
[10]锡琳,张伟,赵岩,等.变应性鼻炎患者心理人格特征研究[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2011,46(8):646-649.
[11]中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会鼻科组,中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科分会鼻科学组、小儿学组,中华儿科杂志编辑委员会.儿童变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗指南(2010年,重庆)[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2011,46(1):7-8.
[12]龚耀先,蔡太生.中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表手册[M].长沙:湖南地图出版社,1993:187-210.
[13]龚耀先.修订艾森克个性问卷手册[M].长沙:湖南医学院,1986:1-49.
[14]邓玉琴,陶泽璋.变应性鼻炎与心理因素的关系[J].国际耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2009,33(2):81-83.
[15]Thompson A,Sardana N,Craig TJ.Sleep impairment and daytime sleepiness in patients with allergic rhinitis:the role of congestion and inflammation[J].Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol,2013,111(6):446-451.
[16]Chida Y,Hamer M,Steptoe A.A bidirectional relationship between psychosocial factors and atopic disorders:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Psychosom Med,2008,70(1):102-116.
[17]Verlaet AA,Noriega DB,Hermans N,et al.Nutrition,immunological mechanisms and dietary immunomodulation in ADHD[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2014,23(7):519-529.
[18]贾艳滨,李淑仪,肖计划,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童首次就诊的智力结构分析[J].暨南大学学报(医学版),2010,31(6):588-591.
[19]陈伊莉,张颖,周永海,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力特征[J].温州医科大学学报,2015,45(3):201-204.
[20]锡琳,张罗.变应性鼻炎患者的心理人格测试[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2012,47(8):702-704.
[21]王雁,刘艳虹,李永梅.北京市10~14岁儿童少年的人格类型及影响因素[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(33):7481-7843.
[2]Fang BJ,Tonelli LH,Soriano JJ,et al.Disturbed sleep:linking allergic rhinitis,mood and suicidal behavior[J].Front Biosci(Schol Ed),2010,1(2):30-46.
[3]Léger D,Annesi-Maesano I,Carat F,et al.Allergic rhinitis and its consequences on quality of sleep:an unexplored area[J].Arch Intern Med,2006,166(16):1744-1748.
[4]Kremer B,den Hartoq HM,Jolles J.Relationship between allergic rhinitis,disturbed cognitive functions and psychological wellbeing[J].Clin Exp Allergy,2002,32(9):1310-1315.
[5]Wilken JA,Berkowitz R,Kane R.Decrements in vigilance and cognitive functioning associated with ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis[J].Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol,2002,89(4):372-380.
[6]Randy A,Sansone MD,Lori A,et al.Allergic rhinitis:relationships with anxiety and mood syndromes[J].Innov Clin Neurosci,2011,8(7):12-17.
[7]柯霞,钱迪,朱丽敏,等.变应性鼻炎患者生存质量及个性特征分析[J].临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2010,24(5):202.
[8]吕晓飞,张罗.变应性鼻炎与精神心理紊乱[J].国际耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2010,34(2):97-99.
[9]Postolache TT,Komarow H,Tonelli LH.Allergy:a risk factor for suicide?[J].Curt Treat Options Neurol,2008,10(5):363-376.
[10]锡琳,张伟,赵岩,等.变应性鼻炎患者心理人格特征研究[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2011,46(8):646-649.
[11]中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会鼻科组,中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科分会鼻科学组、小儿学组,中华儿科杂志编辑委员会.儿童变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗指南(2010年,重庆)[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2011,46(1):7-8.
[12]龚耀先,蔡太生.中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表手册[M].长沙:湖南地图出版社,1993:187-210.
[13]龚耀先.修订艾森克个性问卷手册[M].长沙:湖南医学院,1986:1-49.
[14]邓玉琴,陶泽璋.变应性鼻炎与心理因素的关系[J].国际耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2009,33(2):81-83.
[15]Thompson A,Sardana N,Craig TJ.Sleep impairment and daytime sleepiness in patients with allergic rhinitis:the role of congestion and inflammation[J].Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol,2013,111(6):446-451.
[16]Chida Y,Hamer M,Steptoe A.A bidirectional relationship between psychosocial factors and atopic disorders:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Psychosom Med,2008,70(1):102-116.
[17]Verlaet AA,Noriega DB,Hermans N,et al.Nutrition,immunological mechanisms and dietary immunomodulation in ADHD[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2014,23(7):519-529.
[18]贾艳滨,李淑仪,肖计划,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童首次就诊的智力结构分析[J].暨南大学学报(医学版),2010,31(6):588-591.
[19]陈伊莉,张颖,周永海,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力特征[J].温州医科大学学报,2015,45(3):201-204.
[20]锡琳,张罗.变应性鼻炎患者的心理人格测试[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2012,47(8):702-704.
[21]王雁,刘艳虹,李永梅.北京市10~14岁儿童少年的人格类型及影响因素[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(33):7481-7843.