单楔形掏槽爆破腔体时空演化及应用
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摘要
为改善矿山巷道掘进掏槽爆破现状,采用AUTO CAD与ANSYS联合建模技术构建垂直单楔形掏槽爆破数值模型,运用显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA定义岩石单元失效获得掏槽腔体扩展演化过程。通过多方位剖视掏槽腔体,从时空演化角度研究垂直单楔形掏槽在铜坑矿阶段运输巷道掘进工程中的适用性。研究结果表明:AUTO CAD与ANSYS联合建模技术可克服ANSYS对于复杂模型构建的缺点,实现巷道掏槽精细化数字建模;定义岩石单元失效使得掏槽腔体演化过程更直观,整体上形成双向主次的喇叭状掏槽腔体结构,腔体空间上X和Y向呈三角形分布,Z向不同段表现出不同的形态;应力波叠加作用对孔底附近掏槽腔体形状影响显著,靠近掌子面附近腔体形态主要受炮孔空间布置方式影响,为提高爆破的效果,辅助爆破可以适当倾斜布置;垂直单楔形掏槽体积比直孔桶形掏槽体积明显增大,其有效掘进进尺2 m,效率比达91%;辅助孔与掏槽孔起爆时间应控制在毫秒级范围内。
In order to change the present situation of narrow cutting cavity, the model of single wedge cutting blasting was established by combining AUTO CAD with ANSYS. The explicit dynamic software LS-DYNA was used to simulate cavity extension. From the aspects of temporal and spatial evolution with multi-direction cutaway views, the applicability of vertical single wedge cutting blasting for TONGKENG mine haulage roadway excavation was researched. The results show that joint modeling with AUTO CAD and ANSYS can overcome the shortcomings of ANSYS for complex model modeling, and achieve refined digital modeling for roadway. Cavity extension is more intuitive when elements failure is defined, which contributes to the analysis of cutting effect. The bidirectional primary and secondary trumpet-shapedcavity is formed with the outlines of triangle in horizontal and longitudinal sections. Meanwhile, there is different outlines in different vertical sections. The superposition of blasting stress waves has remarkable effect on the shape of cavity that is close to the hole bottom, and the shape of cavity near excavating face is influenced by the layout of blast holes markedly. For improving the blasting effect, the layout of auxiliary holes can be adjusted to sloping appropriately. The volume of this cavity is larger than that of the cylinder cutting. Therefore, the vertical single wedge cutting blasting is capable of improving the cutting present situation. Its footage keeps 2 m and efficiency ratio is 91%. Furthermore, the time lag between the denotations of auxiliary holes and cutting holes should be kept in the scope of milliseconds.
In order to change the present situation of narrow cutting cavity, the model of single wedge cutting blasting was established by combining AUTO CAD with ANSYS. The explicit dynamic software LS-DYNA was used to simulate cavity extension. From the aspects of temporal and spatial evolution with multi-direction cutaway views, the applicability of vertical single wedge cutting blasting for TONGKENG mine haulage roadway excavation was researched. The results show that joint modeling with AUTO CAD and ANSYS can overcome the shortcomings of ANSYS for complex model modeling, and achieve refined digital modeling for roadway. Cavity extension is more intuitive when elements failure is defined, which contributes to the analysis of cutting effect. The bidirectional primary and secondary trumpet-shapedcavity is formed with the outlines of triangle in horizontal and longitudinal sections. Meanwhile, there is different outlines in different vertical sections. The superposition of blasting stress waves has remarkable effect on the shape of cavity that is close to the hole bottom, and the shape of cavity near excavating face is influenced by the layout of blast holes markedly. For improving the blasting effect, the layout of auxiliary holes can be adjusted to sloping appropriately. The volume of this cavity is larger than that of the cylinder cutting. Therefore, the vertical single wedge cutting blasting is capable of improving the cutting present situation. Its footage keeps 2 m and efficiency ratio is 91%. Furthermore, the time lag between the denotations of auxiliary holes and cutting holes should be kept in the scope of milliseconds.
引文
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[14]潘先峰,毛艳锋.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的井巷掘进掏槽爆破扩腔过程的数值模拟[J].煤矿爆破,2014(4):19-24.PANG Xianfeng,MAO Yanfeng.The numerical simulation of shaft excavation blasting cavity expansion process based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA[J].Coal Mine Blasting,2014(4):19-24.
[15]徐惠琳,杨帆,谢波.ANSYS与CAD联合建模时的数据接口及数据转换[J].山西建筑,2007,33(33):366-367.XU Huilin,YANG Fan,XIE Bo.Data interface and conversion technology in model building combined with ANSYS and CAD[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(33):366-367.
[16]黄小华,金艳丽.岩土工程中CAD与ANSYS联合建模的数据交换[J].西部探矿工程,2009,21(12):9-12.HAUNG Xiaohua,JIN Yanli.Data conversion of models using ANSYS and CAD in geological engineering[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2009,21(12):9-12.
[17]周科平.采矿过程模拟与仿真[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2012:166-167.ZHOU Keping.Mining process modeling and simulation[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2012:166-167.
[18]MA G W,AN X M.Numerical simulation of blasting-induced rock fractures[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(6):966-975.
[19]白金泽.LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:74-99.BAI Jinze.Theoretical basis and case analysis of LS-DYNA3D[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:74-99.
[20]王鹏,周传波,耿雪峰,等.多孔同段爆破漏斗形成机理的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(3):993-997.WANG Peng,ZHOU Chuanbo,GENG Xuefeng,et al.Numerical simulation of formation mechanism of multi hole and same delay time of blasting crater[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(3):993-997.
[21]赵铮,陶钢,杜长星.爆轰产物JWL状态方程应用研究[J].高压物理学报,2009,23(4):277-282.ZHAO Zheng,TAO Gang,DU Changxing.Application research on JWL equation of state of detonation products[J].Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2009,23(4):277-282.
[2]戴俊,杨永琦.三角柱直眼掏槽爆破参数研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2000,20(4):364-368.DAI Jun,YANG Yongqi.Researches on blasting parameters of triangle burn cut[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2000,20(4):364-368.
[3]刘医硕.双螺旋直眼掏槽参数优化研究[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,2013:12-16.LIU Yishuo.Double-spiral cutting parameters optimization[D].Xiangtan:Hunan University of Science and Technology.School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering,2013:12-16.
[4]袁晓龙.隧道楔形掏槽爆破技术研究[D].合肥:安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,2014:21-23.YUAN Xiaolong.Research on blasting technology of wedge-shaped cutting for rock tunnel[D].Hefei:Anhui University of Science and Technology.School of Civil and Architectural Engineering,2014:21-23.
[5]黄永辉.立井硬岩深孔锥形掏槽爆破技术研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京)力学与土木工裎学院,2013:9-27.HUANG Yonghui.The technology study on long-hole pyramid cut blasting in hard rock vertical shaft[D].Beijing:China University of Mining&Technology(Beijing).School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,2013:9-27.
[6]黄宝龙.岩巷掘进掏槽爆破理论与技术研究进展[J].中国矿业,2014,23(10):103-106.HUANG Baolong.Progress on theory and technique of cutting blasting in rock drivage[J].China Mining Magazine,2014,23(10):103-106.
[7]单仁亮,黄宝龙,蔚振廷,等.岩巷掘进准直眼掏槽爆破模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,31(2):256-264.SHAN Renliang,HUANG Baolong,WEI Zhenting,et al.Model test of quasi-parallel cut blasting in rock drivage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,31(2):256-264.
[8]单仁亮,黄宝龙,高文蛟,等.岩巷掘进准直眼掏槽爆破新技术应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):224-232.SHAN Renliang,HUANG Baolong,GAO Wenjiao,et al.Case studies of new technology application of quasi-parallel cut blasting in rock roadway drivage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):224-232.
[9]徐刚,陈国才.硬岩掘进掏槽方式及参数优化研究及应用[J].煤炭工程,2014,46(12):45-46.XU Gang,CHEN Guocai.Study and application of cutting mode and parameter optimization of hard work heading[J].Coal Engineering,2014,46(12):45-46.
[10]袁文华,马芹永,黄伟.楔形掏槽微差爆破模型试验与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(S1):3352-3356.YUAN Wenhua,MA Qinyong,HUANG Wei.Model experiment and analysis of wedge-shaped cutting millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S1):3352-3356.
[11]黄永辉,程志彬,沈慰安,等.立井4.9 m深孔锥形掏槽爆破试验研究[J].工程爆破,2013,19(3):23-25.HUANG Yonghui,CHENG Zhibin,SHEN Weian,et al.Research on blasting experiments of 4.9 m long-hole pyramid cut in vertical shaft[J].Engineering Blasting,2013,19(3):23-25.
[12]BERNARD T,DOZOLME P.The digital simulation of blasts:a major challenge for mines in the 21st century[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,83:100-110.
[13]于蕾,李祥龙,邓光茂.云锡1360基础平台桶形掏槽数值模拟研究[J].爆破,2014,31(3):103-109.YU Lei,LI Xianglong,DENG Guangmao.Numerical simulation of cylinder cutting on 1360 fundamental platform of Yunnan Tin Group[J].China Blasting,2014,31(3):103-109.
[14]潘先峰,毛艳锋.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的井巷掘进掏槽爆破扩腔过程的数值模拟[J].煤矿爆破,2014(4):19-24.PANG Xianfeng,MAO Yanfeng.The numerical simulation of shaft excavation blasting cavity expansion process based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA[J].Coal Mine Blasting,2014(4):19-24.
[15]徐惠琳,杨帆,谢波.ANSYS与CAD联合建模时的数据接口及数据转换[J].山西建筑,2007,33(33):366-367.XU Huilin,YANG Fan,XIE Bo.Data interface and conversion technology in model building combined with ANSYS and CAD[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(33):366-367.
[16]黄小华,金艳丽.岩土工程中CAD与ANSYS联合建模的数据交换[J].西部探矿工程,2009,21(12):9-12.HAUNG Xiaohua,JIN Yanli.Data conversion of models using ANSYS and CAD in geological engineering[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2009,21(12):9-12.
[17]周科平.采矿过程模拟与仿真[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2012:166-167.ZHOU Keping.Mining process modeling and simulation[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2012:166-167.
[18]MA G W,AN X M.Numerical simulation of blasting-induced rock fractures[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(6):966-975.
[19]白金泽.LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:74-99.BAI Jinze.Theoretical basis and case analysis of LS-DYNA3D[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:74-99.
[20]王鹏,周传波,耿雪峰,等.多孔同段爆破漏斗形成机理的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(3):993-997.WANG Peng,ZHOU Chuanbo,GENG Xuefeng,et al.Numerical simulation of formation mechanism of multi hole and same delay time of blasting crater[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(3):993-997.
[21]赵铮,陶钢,杜长星.爆轰产物JWL状态方程应用研究[J].高压物理学报,2009,23(4):277-282.ZHAO Zheng,TAO Gang,DU Changxing.Application research on JWL equation of state of detonation products[J].Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2009,23(4):277-282.