适宜桂南地区栽培的毛木耳菌株引进筛选试验
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摘要
【目的】通过综合评价不同毛木耳菌株的栽培性状与特点,筛选出适宜桂南地区栽培的毛木耳优良菌株。【方法】引进全国不同栽培地区的6个毛木耳菌株和近年来桂南地区主要栽培的5个毛木耳菌株,以本地区栽培的毛木耳台毛1号菌株为对照,对不同菌株的菌包菌丝体生长状况、出耳茬数、出耳产量及耳片的部分特性等进行试验比较与分析。【结果】不同菌株菌包生长状况和出耳状况差异明显,菌丝体生长速度高于对照菌株的依次为苏毛3号、川耳7号、漳耳43-28、781、川耳23、川黄耳1号和AP11,其中前5个菌株与对照菌株具有显著差异;对照菌株菌丝体生长密度仅高于川耳10号和781;菌包成活率最高为对照菌株(98.50%),其后依次为川耳7号、苏毛3号、42、漳耳43-28、193和川黄耳1号,其余低于89.50%;8个菌株的出耳茬数与对照菌株相似,140 d左右能形成耳片四茬,且产量比对照菌株提高11.44%～51.28%,产量大小依次为川耳10号、193、川耳23、川黄耳1号、漳耳43-28、42、苏毛3号和川耳7号,采收集中度优于对照菌株第一茬耳的有川耳7号,前两茬耳优于对照菌株的有苏毛3号和漳耳43-28,前三茬耳优于对照菌株的有苏毛3号、漳耳43-28和193;大部分菌株子实体耳片大小较对照菌株优,表现为色泽较深,耳片较厚,但质地偏软,栽培过程中流耳相对偏高。【结论】川黄耳1号、川耳7号、苏毛3号、漳耳43-28和42在菌包生长状况、耳片产量、出耳茬数和耳片性状等方面综合表现较佳,可作为桂南地区优先选用的毛木耳栽培推广用菌株。
【Objective】To screen the A. nigricans strains suitable for cultivation in south Guangxi, the cultivable chatacters and traits of A. nigricans were evaluated.【Method】Six A. nigricans strains introduced from different cultivation areas of China and 5 A. nigricans strains mainly cultivated in the south of Guangxi were compared in terms of mycelia growth rate,flush number, yield and partial commodity features of fruiting body, using the local cultivar Taimao 1 as control.【Result】There was difference in mycelial traits during growth period and agronomic traits during fruiting period among different A. nigricans strains. The mycelial growth rate of 7 strains was faster than Taimao 1 with the order of sumao 3>chuaner 7>zhanger 43-28>781>chuaner 23>chuanhuanger 1>AP11, and the first 5 of them showed significant difference compared with the control. The mycelial density of tested strains was higher than control except chuaner 10 and 781. The highest survival rate of strains was found in the control(98.50 %), followed by chuaner 7, sumao 3, 42, zhanger 43-28, 193 and chuanhuanger 1 with survival rates from 98.5 % to 89.50 %. 8 strains produced 4 flushes of fruiting body within around 140 days of growth period, and showed increments of 11.44 %-51.28 % in yields as compared to the control. The order of yield increment was as follows: chuaner 10>193>chuaner 23>chuanhuanger 1>zhanger 43-28>42>sumao 3>chuaner 7. and the yield percentage of the control was less than chuaner 7 in the 1~(st) flush, less than sumao 3 and zhanger 43-28 in the 2~(nd) flush and less than sumao 3, zhanger 43-28 and 193 in the 3~(rd) flush. Most strains had better fruiting body properties than the control in terms of size, chromacity and thickness, but poorer traits in terms of texture and lysis.【Conclusion】Chuanhuanger 1, chuaner 7, shumao 3, zhanger 43-28 and 42 all showed better performance in growth period, flush number, yield, and commodity features of fruiting body during fruiting period. Therefore they are suitable for extension in the south of Guangxi.
【Objective】To screen the A. nigricans strains suitable for cultivation in south Guangxi, the cultivable chatacters and traits of A. nigricans were evaluated.【Method】Six A. nigricans strains introduced from different cultivation areas of China and 5 A. nigricans strains mainly cultivated in the south of Guangxi were compared in terms of mycelia growth rate,flush number, yield and partial commodity features of fruiting body, using the local cultivar Taimao 1 as control.【Result】There was difference in mycelial traits during growth period and agronomic traits during fruiting period among different A. nigricans strains. The mycelial growth rate of 7 strains was faster than Taimao 1 with the order of sumao 3>chuaner 7>zhanger 43-28>781>chuaner 23>chuanhuanger 1>AP11, and the first 5 of them showed significant difference compared with the control. The mycelial density of tested strains was higher than control except chuaner 10 and 781. The highest survival rate of strains was found in the control(98.50 %), followed by chuaner 7, sumao 3, 42, zhanger 43-28, 193 and chuanhuanger 1 with survival rates from 98.5 % to 89.50 %. 8 strains produced 4 flushes of fruiting body within around 140 days of growth period, and showed increments of 11.44 %-51.28 % in yields as compared to the control. The order of yield increment was as follows: chuaner 10>193>chuaner 23>chuanhuanger 1>zhanger 43-28>42>sumao 3>chuaner 7. and the yield percentage of the control was less than chuaner 7 in the 1~(st) flush, less than sumao 3 and zhanger 43-28 in the 2~(nd) flush and less than sumao 3, zhanger 43-28 and 193 in the 3~(rd) flush. Most strains had better fruiting body properties than the control in terms of size, chromacity and thickness, but poorer traits in terms of texture and lysis.【Conclusion】Chuanhuanger 1, chuaner 7, shumao 3, zhanger 43-28 and 42 all showed better performance in growth period, flush number, yield, and commodity features of fruiting body during fruiting period. Therefore they are suitable for extension in the south of Guangxi.
引文
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[4]黄雪星,李杰,李发盛,等.木薯茎秆栽培毛木耳技术[J].食用菌,2016,38(1):55-56.
[5]陈丽新,黄卓忠,唐军,等.广西6个生产用毛木耳菌株的生长和产量比较[J].食药用菌,2017,25(5):317-319.
[6]陈丽新,黄卓忠,韦仕岩,等.木薯酒精废渣营养成分分析及栽培毛木耳试验[J].食用菌,2009,31(6):34-35.
[7]黄卓忠,陈丽新,韦仕岩,等.葡萄枝屑栽培毛木耳配方筛选试验[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(8):961-963.
[8]陈丽新,陈振妮,王灿琴,等.适宜桑枝屑栽培的毛木耳优良菌株筛选试验[J].南方园艺,2013,24(1):15-18.
[9]杨桂珍,鄂肖勍,黄立平.玉米芯桑枝栽培毛木耳配方比较试验[J].食用菌,2015,37(5):32-33.
[10]刘碧源.袋料栽培毛木耳品种筛选试验[J].农业科技通讯,2013(5):122-123.
[11]张丹.毛木耳种质资源研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2005.
[12]孔维丽,张玉亭,康源春,等.毛木耳优良品种筛选[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(7):27-28.
[13]谭伟,苗人云,周洁,等.毛木耳栽培技术研究进展[J].食用菌学报,2018,25(1):1-12.
[14]袁滨,张金文,柯丽娜,等.毛木耳新菌株比较试验初报[J].食用菌,2012(1):19-22.
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[16]刘福阳,王爱仙,巫仁高,等.毛木耳引种对比试验[J].福建农业科技,2012(11):45-46.