立式管道泵流动噪声特性与仿生降噪研究
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摘要
为了研究立式管道泵内部声场特性,减少管道泵运行时的噪声,基于CFD+Lighthill声类比理论对管道泵内部流场与声场进行仿真求解,并借鉴猫头鹰羽毛端部锯齿结构进行仿生优化,以期达到降噪目标。针对0.8Qd、Qd及1.2Qd3个运行工况,选用RNG k-ε模型分别对立式管道泵进行非定常数值模拟,获得3个工况下管道泵内部压力脉动数据。提取非定常计算所得的脉动力,导入声学软件LMS Virtual.lab中进行声场计算,得到各工况下管道泵进、出口声压级、泵体内部的声压分布及主要噪声源分布。结果表明:管道泵内部流动诱导噪声与压力脉动密切相关,主要是由叶轮与泵体的动静干涉引起,其频率特性与压力脉动相似,声压分布集中在轴频、叶频及其倍频,叶频时声压级最大。流量越大,管道泵进、出口声压级越大。基于仿生学原理,参考猫头鹰体表覆羽样本利用相似准则设计仿生锯齿叶片,展开仿生降噪研究,选择齿距、齿宽、齿高3个因素,设计了16组正交试验模型,计算得到各工况下泵内部流场和声场数据。选取最优降噪模型与原模型进行对比分析,结果表明:仿生叶片尾缘锯齿结构能够起到降低压力脉动、稳定流场、降低噪声的作用,其中设计工况下噪声降幅明显,叶频处噪声降低8 d B。
In order to research the internal sound field characteristics and reduce the running noise of vertical pipeline pump,the CFD and Lighthill sound analogy theory was adopted to solve the internal flow and acoustic field. The sawtooth structure of the owl feather was used to conduct bionic optimization to reduce noise. Firstly,the pressure fluctuation of pipeline pump at 0. 8 Qd,Qdand 1. 2 Qdwere obtained from the unsteady simulation with the RNG k-ε turbulence model in CFX software. The datum of pressure fluctuation were extracted and input into the LMS Virtual. lab acoustics software,the SPL of the pump discharge,internal sound pressure distribution and main noise source in pumps at different flows were got by acoustic field calculation. The simulation results showed that the flow-induced noise of pipeline pump was closely related to the pressure fluctuation which was mainly caused by rotor-stator interaction,both of them had the same frequency characteristic, the sound pressure was mainly distributed in shaft frequency,blade frequency and frequency multiplication,the maximum sound pressure appeared at 1 time blade passing frequency. With the decrease of the flow rate,the SPL of the pump discharge was increased. Then,based on the bionics principle,the similarity criterion was used to establish the bionic blade model with reference to the structure characteristics of the specimen of the owl wings. Three parameters,including tooth width,tooth pitch and tooth width were constructed to control the geometry of the bionic blade,and these parameters were chosen to design 16 orthogonal test models. Finally,the internal flow and sound field datum of different impellers under different working conditions were got by calculation. Compared with the optimal model,the result showed that the bionic blade with sawtooth structures can reduce the pressure fluctuation,stabilize the flow field and reduce the noise. Noise reduction was obvious under the design condition,and the noise of the blade frequency was decreased ashigh as 8 d B.
In order to research the internal sound field characteristics and reduce the running noise of vertical pipeline pump,the CFD and Lighthill sound analogy theory was adopted to solve the internal flow and acoustic field. The sawtooth structure of the owl feather was used to conduct bionic optimization to reduce noise. Firstly,the pressure fluctuation of pipeline pump at 0. 8 Qd,Qdand 1. 2 Qdwere obtained from the unsteady simulation with the RNG k-ε turbulence model in CFX software. The datum of pressure fluctuation were extracted and input into the LMS Virtual. lab acoustics software,the SPL of the pump discharge,internal sound pressure distribution and main noise source in pumps at different flows were got by acoustic field calculation. The simulation results showed that the flow-induced noise of pipeline pump was closely related to the pressure fluctuation which was mainly caused by rotor-stator interaction,both of them had the same frequency characteristic, the sound pressure was mainly distributed in shaft frequency,blade frequency and frequency multiplication,the maximum sound pressure appeared at 1 time blade passing frequency. With the decrease of the flow rate,the SPL of the pump discharge was increased. Then,based on the bionics principle,the similarity criterion was used to establish the bionic blade model with reference to the structure characteristics of the specimen of the owl wings. Three parameters,including tooth width,tooth pitch and tooth width were constructed to control the geometry of the bionic blade,and these parameters were chosen to design 16 orthogonal test models. Finally,the internal flow and sound field datum of different impellers under different working conditions were got by calculation. Compared with the optimal model,the result showed that the bionic blade with sawtooth structures can reduce the pressure fluctuation,stabilize the flow field and reduce the noise. Noise reduction was obvious under the design condition,and the noise of the blade frequency was decreased ashigh as 8 d B.
引文
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13田丽梅,梅浩然,李新红,等.基于仿生耦合功能表面的离心水泵增效机制研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):65-69.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150411&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.04.011.TIAN Limei,MEI Haoran,LI Xinhong,et al.Enhancement mechanism investigation of centrifugal pump based on bionic coupling functional surface[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):65-69.(in Chinese)
14曹璞钰,印刚,王洋,等.离心泵内双龙卷风式分离涡数值分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):22-28.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160404&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.04.004.CAO Puyu,YIN Gang,WANG Yang,et al.Numerical analysis of double tornado-type separation vortices in centrifugal pump[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):22-28.(in Chinese)
15王洋,胡日新,汤海涛,等.小流量工况下旋涡自吸泵流动降噪优化研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(11):188-195.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20171123&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.11.023.WANG Yang,HU Rixin,TANG Haitao,et al.Flow-induced noise of self-priming vortex pump at low-flowrate[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):188-195.(in Chinese)
16王福军.计算流体动力学分析:CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
17 ANSYS Inc.ANSYS CFX-solver modeling guide,release 14.5[M].Canonsburg,PA:ANSYS Inc.,2012.
18李贵东,王洋,曹璞钰,等.射流式离心泵非设计工况下内部流动研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):48-53.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150808&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.08.008.LI Guidong,WANG Yang,CAO Puyu,et al.Internal flow of flow-ejecting centrifugal pump under off-design conditions[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):48-53.(in Chinese)
19司乔瑞,袁建平,衡亚光,等.蜗壳形状对离心泵流动诱导噪声的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(3):209-215.SI Qiaorui,YUAN Jianping,HENG Yaguang,et al.Effects of cross-section and cut-water shapes of volute on flow induced noise in centrifugal pumps[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2015,33(3):209-215.(in Chinese)
20卢永刚,王洋,王秀礼,等.管道输油泵流体噪声模拟及泵噪声测试方法[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(8):645-651.LU Yonggang,WANG Yang,WANG Xiuli,et al.Experimental and simulation methods of flow noise on pipeline oil pumps[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2017,35(8):645-651.(in Chinese)
2吴登昊,袁寿其,任芸,等.管道泵不稳定压力及振动特性研究[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):79-86.WU Denghao,YUAN Shouqi,REN Yun,et al.Study on unsteady pressure pulsation and vibration characteristics of in-line circulator pumps[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(4):79-86.(in Chinese)
3 SIMPSON H C,CLARK T A,WEIR G A.A theoretical investigation of hydraulic noise in pumps[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,1967,5(3):456-488.
4 JIANG Y Y,YOSHIMURA S,IMAI R,et al.Quantitative evaluation of flow-induced structural vibration and noise in turbomachinery by full-scale weakly coupled simulation[J].Journal of Fluids&Structures,2007,23(4):531-544.
5 TIMUSHEV S.Development and experimental validation of 3D acoustic-vortex numerical procedure for centrifugal pump noise prediction[C]∥ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting,2009:389-398.
6吴仁荣.船用离心泵的运行振动和减消措施[J].机电设备,2004,21(6):37-39.WU Renrong.Operating vibration and anti-vibration measures for marine centrifugal pumps[J].Mechanical and Electrical Equipment,2004,21(6):37-39.(in Chinese)
7司乔瑞,袁寿其,袁建平,等.基于CFD/CA的离心泵流动诱导噪声数值预测[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(22):177-184.SI Qiaorui,YUAN Shouqi,YUAN Jianping,et al.Flow-induced noise calculation of centrifugal pumps based on CFD/CA method[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(22):177-184.(in Chinese)
8 SI Q,YUAN S,YUAN J,et al.Investigation on flow-induced noise due to backflow in low specific speed centrifugal pumps[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2013(6):631-635.
9谈明高,张景,刘厚林,等.叶片不等间距对离心泵水动力噪声的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(2):22-27,34.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160203&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.02.003.TAN Minggao,ZHANG Jing,LIU Houlin,et al.Effect of uneven spacing blade on hydrodynamic noise of centrifugal pump[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(2):22-27,34.(in Chinese)
10王勇,黄浩钦,刘厚林,等.叶片出口边侧斜对船用离心泵外辐射噪声的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(2):104-110.WANG Yong,HUANG Haoqin,LIU Houlin,et al.Effect of inclined trailing edge of blade on exterior radiation noise of marine centrifugal pump[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2015,33(2):104-110.(in Chinese)
11 OERLEMANS S,FISHER M,MAEDER T,et al.Reduction of wind turbine noise using optimized airfoils and trailing-edge serrations[J].AIAA Journal,2009,47(6):1470-1481.
12任露泉,孙少明,徐成宇.鸮翼前缘非光滑形态消声降噪机理[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2008,38(增刊):126-131.REN Luquan,SUN Shaoming,XU Chengyu.Noise reduction mechanism of non-smooth leading edge of owl wing[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2008,38(Supp.):126-131.(in Chinese)
13田丽梅,梅浩然,李新红,等.基于仿生耦合功能表面的离心水泵增效机制研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):65-69.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150411&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.04.011.TIAN Limei,MEI Haoran,LI Xinhong,et al.Enhancement mechanism investigation of centrifugal pump based on bionic coupling functional surface[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):65-69.(in Chinese)
14曹璞钰,印刚,王洋,等.离心泵内双龙卷风式分离涡数值分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):22-28.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160404&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.04.004.CAO Puyu,YIN Gang,WANG Yang,et al.Numerical analysis of double tornado-type separation vortices in centrifugal pump[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):22-28.(in Chinese)
15王洋,胡日新,汤海涛,等.小流量工况下旋涡自吸泵流动降噪优化研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(11):188-195.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20171123&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.11.023.WANG Yang,HU Rixin,TANG Haitao,et al.Flow-induced noise of self-priming vortex pump at low-flowrate[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):188-195.(in Chinese)
16王福军.计算流体动力学分析:CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
17 ANSYS Inc.ANSYS CFX-solver modeling guide,release 14.5[M].Canonsburg,PA:ANSYS Inc.,2012.
18李贵东,王洋,曹璞钰,等.射流式离心泵非设计工况下内部流动研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):48-53.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150808&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.08.008.LI Guidong,WANG Yang,CAO Puyu,et al.Internal flow of flow-ejecting centrifugal pump under off-design conditions[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):48-53.(in Chinese)
19司乔瑞,袁建平,衡亚光,等.蜗壳形状对离心泵流动诱导噪声的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(3):209-215.SI Qiaorui,YUAN Jianping,HENG Yaguang,et al.Effects of cross-section and cut-water shapes of volute on flow induced noise in centrifugal pumps[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2015,33(3):209-215.(in Chinese)
20卢永刚,王洋,王秀礼,等.管道输油泵流体噪声模拟及泵噪声测试方法[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(8):645-651.LU Yonggang,WANG Yang,WANG Xiuli,et al.Experimental and simulation methods of flow noise on pipeline oil pumps[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2017,35(8):645-651.(in Chinese)