土壤环境中管线钢硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀
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摘要
腐蚀是世界各国共同面临的问题之一,每年因腐蚀造成的经济损失占全国GDP的3%～5%,其中土壤腐蚀约占总腐蚀的20%。金属的土壤腐蚀是一种自发的冶金逆过程,它不仅会导致埋地金属构筑物腐蚀破坏,还会引发管线泄漏、燃烧和爆炸等事故,给社会带来巨大的经济损失和社会危害。微生物腐蚀是埋地管线钢腐蚀的重要腐蚀类型之一,其中以硫酸盐还原菌引起的腐蚀最为严重。从环境因素、材料因素和微生物因素三个方面,对土壤环境中管线钢硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀进行了简要概述。埋地管线钢微生物腐蚀研究最多的是环境因素的影响,包括土壤类型、土壤含水量、土壤阴离子、化肥、农药、土壤宏电池和剥离涂层。材料因素的研究多集中在阴极保护、外加应力和杂散电流等因素的影响。相比前两种影响因素,微生物因素最为复杂,也是研究最少的一个方面。微生物因素的研究是一个全新的研究领域,包括膜内生物酶的影响以及膜内电子传递等。今后一段时间,埋地管线钢微生物腐蚀仍以环境和材料因素等多因素的耦合作用为主要研究方向。
Corrosion is one of problems faced by all countries in the world. Every year economic loss influenced by the corrosion accounts for 3%～5% of national GDP of which about 20% is caused by soil corrosion. The soil corrosion of the metal is a spontaneous reverse metallurgic process which results in the corrosion and damage of the metal structures in the soil, and even leads to leakage, burning and explosion of buried pipelines, thus bringing huge economic losses and social risks. Microbiological influenced corrosion(MIC) is one of the most important corrosion types for the corrosion of buried pipeline steel, and sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) influenced corrosion is the most severe among MIC corrosion. The work discussed the SRB influenced corrosion of the buried pipeline steel from following three aspects: environmental factor, material factor, and microbiological factor. The environmental factors studied mostly included soil type, water content of soil, anionic ions of soil, fertilizer,pesticide, soil macrocell, and disbonded coating. The investigations of material factors mainly focused on the effects of cathodic protection, stress, and stray current. Comparing with first two factors, the microbiological factors wasthe most complicated, and seldom discussed. In the future, the SRB influenced corrosion of buried pipeline steel will still concentrate on the coupling effects of multiple factors, such as environmental factors and material factors. The microbiological factor is a new studying field,including the effect of enzyme on the corrosion of the buriedpipeline steel and the transfer of electrons in biofilms.
Corrosion is one of problems faced by all countries in the world. Every year economic loss influenced by the corrosion accounts for 3%～5% of national GDP of which about 20% is caused by soil corrosion. The soil corrosion of the metal is a spontaneous reverse metallurgic process which results in the corrosion and damage of the metal structures in the soil, and even leads to leakage, burning and explosion of buried pipelines, thus bringing huge economic losses and social risks. Microbiological influenced corrosion(MIC) is one of the most important corrosion types for the corrosion of buried pipeline steel, and sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) influenced corrosion is the most severe among MIC corrosion. The work discussed the SRB influenced corrosion of the buried pipeline steel from following three aspects: environmental factor, material factor, and microbiological factor. The environmental factors studied mostly included soil type, water content of soil, anionic ions of soil, fertilizer,pesticide, soil macrocell, and disbonded coating. The investigations of material factors mainly focused on the effects of cathodic protection, stress, and stray current. Comparing with first two factors, the microbiological factors wasthe most complicated, and seldom discussed. In the future, the SRB influenced corrosion of buried pipeline steel will still concentrate on the coupling effects of multiple factors, such as environmental factors and material factors. The microbiological factor is a new studying field,including the effect of enzyme on the corrosion of the buriedpipeline steel and the transfer of electrons in biofilms.
引文
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