汕头红树林沉积物中多环芳烃垂直污染特征
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摘要
为了研究汕头海域红树林沉积物中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)污染状况,在义丰溪口、六合围和北港口3块红树林湿地采集柱状沉积物5个,分析了PAHs的含量水平、空间分布、来源和潜在的生态风险。结果表明,研究区红树林沉积物中PAHs含量范围是80.47～301.73 ng/g干重,义丰溪口>六合围>北港口。不同采样点柱状沉积物中PAHs含量从表层到下层的变化趋势不一致,六合围和义丰溪口趋势不明显,北港口呈下降趋势。PAHs空间分布主要受人类活动和周期性潮汐运动的影响。沉积物中PAHs来源于石油泄露、生物质和煤炭燃烧、发动机排放的混合源,生物质和煤炭燃烧是主要污染源。经沉积物质量标准,平均效应范围中值商和总毒性当量浓度3种方法评估,沉积物中PAHs的生态风险整体较低。
To clarify the vertical distribution, sources, and ecological risk of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in sediments of mangrove wetland from Shantou, five sediment cores were collected from 3 mangrove wetlands, namely YFXK, LHW, and BGK. The PAHs concentrations ranged from 80.47 to 301.73 ng/g dry weight, YFXK>LHW>BGK. The vertical trend of PAHs in sediment cores at different sample sites were inconsistent from top to bottom. The spatial distribution of PAHs was mainly influenced by human activities and periodic tidal movements. According to PAHs compositions and diagnostic ratios, mixed PAH sources were found, and the major sources of PAHs was coal and biomass burning, and transport emissions(vehicle and ship). The adverse effect of PAHs in sediment was weak to biota.
To clarify the vertical distribution, sources, and ecological risk of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in sediments of mangrove wetland from Shantou, five sediment cores were collected from 3 mangrove wetlands, namely YFXK, LHW, and BGK. The PAHs concentrations ranged from 80.47 to 301.73 ng/g dry weight, YFXK>LHW>BGK. The vertical trend of PAHs in sediment cores at different sample sites were inconsistent from top to bottom. The spatial distribution of PAHs was mainly influenced by human activities and periodic tidal movements. According to PAHs compositions and diagnostic ratios, mixed PAH sources were found, and the major sources of PAHs was coal and biomass burning, and transport emissions(vehicle and ship). The adverse effect of PAHs in sediment was weak to biota.
引文
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[3]Yuan K,Wang X W,Lin L,et al.Characterizing the parent and alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Pearl River Estuary,Daya Bay and northern South China Sea:influence of riverine input[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,199:66-72.
[4]Wang X W,Yuan K,Yang L H,et al.Characterizing the parent and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments of Hong Kong[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,98:335-340.
[5]Li F L,Zeng X K,Yang J D,et al.Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in surface sediments and plants of mangrove swamps in Shenzhen,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,85:590-596.
[6]Wang P,Wu T H,Zhang Y.Monitoring and visualizing of PAHs into mangrove plant by two-photon laser confocal scanning microscopy[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64:1654-1658.
[7]Naidoo G,Naidoo K.Ultrastructural effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mangroves Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata[J].Flora,2017,235:1-9.
[8]Naidoo G,Naidoo K.Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their cellular effects in the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,113(1/2):193-199.
[9]Ramdine G,Fichet D,Louis M,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in surface sediment and oysters(Crassostrea rhizophorae)from mangrove of Guadeloupe:levels,bioavailability,and effects[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,79:80-89.
[10]Assun??o M A,Frena M,Santos A P S,et al.Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments collected from mangroves with different levels of urbanization in southern Brazil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,119:439-445.
[11]Kaiser D,Schulz Bull D E,Waniek J J.Profiles and inventories of organic pollutants in sediments from the central Beibu Gulf and its coastal mangroves[J].Chemosphere,2016,153:39-47.
[12]Li C H,Zhou H W,Wong Y S,et al.Vertical distribution and anaerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments in Hong Kong,south China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407:5772-5779.
[13]Wu Q H,Leung J Y S,Tam N F Y,et al.Biological risk and pollution history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in Nansha mangrove,south China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,85(1):92-98.
[14]Liu F B,Xu Y,Liu J W,et al.Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)to a coastal site of Hong Kong,south China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,69:265-272.
[15]Wang J Z,Guan Y F,Ni H G,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta:concentrations,fluxes,and fate[J].Environmental Science Technology,2007,41:5614-5619.
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[17]陈桂珠,兰竹红,邓培雁.中国湿地专题报告[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2005.Chen Guizhu,Lan Zhuhong,Deng Peiyan.A Special Report on China's Wetland[M].Guangzhou:Sun Yat-sen University Press,2005.
[18]Luo X J,Chen S J,Mai B X,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in suspended particulate matter and sediments from the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent coastal areas,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,139:9-20.
[19]Xue R,Chen L,Lu Z B,et al.Spatial distribution and source apportionment of PAHs in marine surface sediments of Prydz Bay,East Antarctica[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,219:528-536.
[20]Gu Y G,Lin Q,Lu T T,et al.Levels,composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from Nan’ao Island,a representative mariculture base in South China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,75:310-316.
[21]Huang W X,Wang Z Y,Yan W.Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in sediments from Zhanjiang Bay and Leizhou Bay,south China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64:1962-1969.
[22]Sun R X,Lin Q,Ke C L,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments and marine organisms from the Daya Bay,south China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,103:325-332.
[23]Baumard P,Budzinski H,Garrigues P.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and mussels of the Western Mediterranean Sea[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1998,17:765-776.
[24]Mai B X,Qi S H,Zeng E Y,et al.Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal region off Macao,China:assessment of input sources and transport pathways using compositional analysis[J].Environmental Science Technology,2003,37(21):4855-4863.
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[27]Long E R,MacDonald D D,Smith S L,et al.Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1995,19:81-97.
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