硫化镍加压浸出研究进展与应用
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摘要
硫化镍是镍冶炼的重要原料,加压浸出技术在硫化镍冶炼中占有重要地位。本文对硫化镍加压浸出研究及应用进行了简单的介绍。根据反应体系的不同,镍加压浸出分为酸性加压浸出和氨性加压浸出两大类,工业生产中氨性加压浸出应用较少,以酸性加压浸出为主。硫化镍加压浸出处理原料灵活多样,主要包括硫化镍精矿、镍锍、镍钴硫化物等。另外,其在镍冶炼渣、低品位复杂物料处理方面也有一定的研究应用。加压浸出工艺灵活,综合回收率高,可同时生产镍、钴、铜、铂族金属等多种产品,主产品即可为硫酸镍,也可为电镍或镍粉,产品质量高,环境污染小,具有一定的市场竞争力。
Nickel sulfide is the main raw material for nickel extraction,and pressure leaching has the important status in nickel sulfide extraction. The research development and utilization of pressure leaching on nickel sulfide are introduced in this paper. According to the reaction system,the nickel sulfide pressure leaching can be divided into two kinds: ammonia pressure leaching and acid pressure leaching,the utilization of the former in industries is very little,and the latter accounts mainly. The raw materials for nickel sulfide pressure leaching are flexible,mainly including nickel concentrate,nickel matte and nickel/cobalt sulfide etc. Furthermore this technology can also be used to treat nickel smelting slag and low grade complex materials. Pressure leaching has the advantages of flexibility,comprehensive recovery of valuable metals such as nickel,cobalt,copper and PGM. The main products can be nickel sulfate,electrolysis nickel or nickel powder with high quality.
Nickel sulfide is the main raw material for nickel extraction,and pressure leaching has the important status in nickel sulfide extraction. The research development and utilization of pressure leaching on nickel sulfide are introduced in this paper. According to the reaction system,the nickel sulfide pressure leaching can be divided into two kinds: ammonia pressure leaching and acid pressure leaching,the utilization of the former in industries is very little,and the latter accounts mainly. The raw materials for nickel sulfide pressure leaching are flexible,mainly including nickel concentrate,nickel matte and nickel/cobalt sulfide etc. Furthermore this technology can also be used to treat nickel smelting slag and low grade complex materials. Pressure leaching has the advantages of flexibility,comprehensive recovery of valuable metals such as nickel,cobalt,copper and PGM. The main products can be nickel sulfate,electrolysis nickel or nickel powder with high quality.
引文
[1]邱定蕃.加压湿法冶金过程化学与工业实践[J].矿冶,1994,3(4):55:-67.
[2]柯家骏.湿法冶金中加压浸出过程的进展[J].湿法冶金,1996(2):1-6,13.
[3]包尔巴特,列什.镍钴冶金新方法(高压浸出,离子交换、溶剂萃取)[M].东北工学院有色重金属冶炼教研室,译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1981:151-156.
[4]CHALKLEY M E,CORDINGLEY P,FREEMAN G,et al.Fifty years of pressure hydrometallurgy at Fort Saskatchewan[C]//Pressure Hydrometallurgy 2004:34th Annual Hydrometallurgy Meeting,Banff,Alberta,Canada,2004:21-41.
[5]胡希安.镍生产中湿法技术的应用和发展[J].上海有色金属,1991(3):38-45.
[6]DEFREYNE J,GRIEVE W,JONES D L,et al.The role of iron in the CESL process[C]//Iron Control Technologies(Proc.3rd International Symposium),Canadian Institute of Mining,Metallurgy,and Petroleum,Montreal,2006:205-220.
[7]WOODWARD T M,BAHRI P A.Steady-state optimisation of the leaching process at Kwinana nickel refinery[J].Computer Aided Chemical Engineering,2007,24:557-562.
[8]兰兴华.镍的高压湿法冶金[J].世界有色金属,2002,18(1):25-26.
[9]李国成.奥托昆普哈贾瓦尔塔冶炼厂镍的加压浸出工艺[J].甘肃冶金,2005,27(1):23-25.
[10]张国柱.阜康镍厂加压酸浸系统设计投产总结[J].有色冶炼,1996,25(1):23-26.
[11]黄其兴,王立川,朱鼎元.镍冶金学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1990:408.
[12]KLEIN L C,STEVENS L G.Recovery of copper values from slags:US,3,632,308[P].1972-01-04.
[13]ANAND S,SARVESWARA RAO K,JENA P K.Pressure leaching of copper converter slag using dilute sulphuric acid for the extraction of cobalt,nickel and copper values[J].Hydrometallurgy,1983,10(3):305-312.
[14]SOBOL S I.Chemistry and kinetics of oxidative sulfuric acid leaching of cobalt-bearing converter slags[J].Extractive Metallurgy of Copper,Nickel and Cobalt.,1993(1):813-826.
[15]BAGHALHA M,PAPANGELAKIS V G,CURLOOK W.Factors affecting the leachability of Ni/Co/Cu slags at high temperature[J].Hydrometallurgy,2007,85(1):42-52.
[16]PEREDERIY I,PAPANGELAKIS V G,BUARZAIGA M,et al.Co-treatment of converter slag and pyrrhotite tailings via high pressure oxidative leaching[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,194:399-406.
[17]康南京.我国镍钴冶炼应用热压浸出技术的进展[J].有色冶炼,1995(2):1-7.
[2]柯家骏.湿法冶金中加压浸出过程的进展[J].湿法冶金,1996(2):1-6,13.
[3]包尔巴特,列什.镍钴冶金新方法(高压浸出,离子交换、溶剂萃取)[M].东北工学院有色重金属冶炼教研室,译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1981:151-156.
[4]CHALKLEY M E,CORDINGLEY P,FREEMAN G,et al.Fifty years of pressure hydrometallurgy at Fort Saskatchewan[C]//Pressure Hydrometallurgy 2004:34th Annual Hydrometallurgy Meeting,Banff,Alberta,Canada,2004:21-41.
[5]胡希安.镍生产中湿法技术的应用和发展[J].上海有色金属,1991(3):38-45.
[6]DEFREYNE J,GRIEVE W,JONES D L,et al.The role of iron in the CESL process[C]//Iron Control Technologies(Proc.3rd International Symposium),Canadian Institute of Mining,Metallurgy,and Petroleum,Montreal,2006:205-220.
[7]WOODWARD T M,BAHRI P A.Steady-state optimisation of the leaching process at Kwinana nickel refinery[J].Computer Aided Chemical Engineering,2007,24:557-562.
[8]兰兴华.镍的高压湿法冶金[J].世界有色金属,2002,18(1):25-26.
[9]李国成.奥托昆普哈贾瓦尔塔冶炼厂镍的加压浸出工艺[J].甘肃冶金,2005,27(1):23-25.
[10]张国柱.阜康镍厂加压酸浸系统设计投产总结[J].有色冶炼,1996,25(1):23-26.
[11]黄其兴,王立川,朱鼎元.镍冶金学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1990:408.
[12]KLEIN L C,STEVENS L G.Recovery of copper values from slags:US,3,632,308[P].1972-01-04.
[13]ANAND S,SARVESWARA RAO K,JENA P K.Pressure leaching of copper converter slag using dilute sulphuric acid for the extraction of cobalt,nickel and copper values[J].Hydrometallurgy,1983,10(3):305-312.
[14]SOBOL S I.Chemistry and kinetics of oxidative sulfuric acid leaching of cobalt-bearing converter slags[J].Extractive Metallurgy of Copper,Nickel and Cobalt.,1993(1):813-826.
[15]BAGHALHA M,PAPANGELAKIS V G,CURLOOK W.Factors affecting the leachability of Ni/Co/Cu slags at high temperature[J].Hydrometallurgy,2007,85(1):42-52.
[16]PEREDERIY I,PAPANGELAKIS V G,BUARZAIGA M,et al.Co-treatment of converter slag and pyrrhotite tailings via high pressure oxidative leaching[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,194:399-406.
[17]康南京.我国镍钴冶炼应用热压浸出技术的进展[J].有色冶炼,1995(2):1-7.