镍基合金Inconel 740激光近净成形多方向温度场
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摘要
利用ANSYS有限元数值模拟研究镍基高温合金激光近净成形中沉积方向(单层10道(0o方向)、斜对角10道(12o方向)、单道10层(90o方向))对第一道的热影响规律,并结合实验对模拟结果进行进一步的验证。结果表明:沉积单道10层对第一道的热影响最大。随着层(道)数增加,3个沉积方向的温度梯度均减小,单层10道方向与斜对角10道方向减小趋势相同;熔覆过程中第一道上中心点应力σx由压应力逐渐转变成拉应力,并且沉积单层10道时第一道上的拉应力数值最大。观察镍基合金Inconel 740成型后的组织发现,柱状晶的生长方向从下到上呈外延生长特征并略偏向于材料沉积方向,与模拟结果一致。
The thermal influences of deposition direction(Single layer and 10 tracks(0° direction), diagonal 10 tracks(12° direction), single track and 10 layers(90° direction)) on the first track in the laser engineered net shaping of nickel-based superalloy were studied by ANSYS finite element numerical simulation, and the simulation results were further validated by experiments. The results show that the deposition of single track and 10 layers has the greatest impact on the first track. As the number of layers(tracks) increasing, the temperature gradients in the three directions decrease, and the decrease trend of the single track and 10 layers direction is same as that of the diagonal 10 tracks direction. During the cladding process, the stress σx on the first center is gradually converted from compressive stress to tensile stress, and the maximum tensile stress is obtained on the first track when the monolayer 10 tracks is deposited. Observation of the microstructure of nickel base alloy Inconel 740 after forming indicates that the growth direction of columnar crystals is characterized by epitaxial growth from bottom to top, and slightly inclines to the direction of material deposition which is in good agreement with the simulation results.
The thermal influences of deposition direction(Single layer and 10 tracks(0° direction), diagonal 10 tracks(12° direction), single track and 10 layers(90° direction)) on the first track in the laser engineered net shaping of nickel-based superalloy were studied by ANSYS finite element numerical simulation, and the simulation results were further validated by experiments. The results show that the deposition of single track and 10 layers has the greatest impact on the first track. As the number of layers(tracks) increasing, the temperature gradients in the three directions decrease, and the decrease trend of the single track and 10 layers direction is same as that of the diagonal 10 tracks direction. During the cladding process, the stress σx on the first center is gradually converted from compressive stress to tensile stress, and the maximum tensile stress is obtained on the first track when the monolayer 10 tracks is deposited. Observation of the microstructure of nickel base alloy Inconel 740 after forming indicates that the growth direction of columnar crystals is characterized by epitaxial growth from bottom to top, and slightly inclines to the direction of material deposition which is in good agreement with the simulation results.
引文
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[19]WANG L,FELICELLI S,GOOROOCHUM Y,WANG P T,HORSTEMEYER M F.Optimization of the LENS process for steady molten pool size[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2008,474(1/2):148-156.
[20]曾大文,谢长生.激光熔池三维非稳态对流传热过程的数值模拟[J].激光技术,2002,26(2):102-105.ZENG Da-sheng,XIE Chang-sheng.Numerical simulation for the process of 3D transient convection and heat transfer in the molten pool[J].Laser Technology,2002,26(2):102-105.
[21]ZHENG B,ZHOU Y,SMUGERESKY J E,SCHOENUNG J M,LAVERNIA E J.Thermal behavior and microstructural evolution during laser deposition with laser-engineered net shaping:partⅠ.Numerical calculations[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2008,39(9):2228-2236.
[22]姜秋月.多道激光熔覆应力场的模拟分析[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(6):124-127.JIANG Qiu-yue.Simulation analysis on stress fieid of multi-track laser cladding[J].Hot Working Technology,2011,40(6):124-127.
[2]单雪海,周建平,许燕.金属快速成型技术的研究进展[J].机床与液压,2016,44(7):150-154.SHAN Xue-hai,ZHOU Jian-ping,XU Yan.Research review of metal rapid prototyping technology[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2016,44(7):150-154.
[3]HAO M Z,SUN Y W.A FEM model for simulating temperature field in coaxial laser cladding of Ti6AL4V alloy using an inverse modeling approach[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2013,64(3):352-360.
[4]徐成伟,王振全,胡欣,黄成功.1Crl7Ni2不锈钢表面激光熔覆层的微观组织和性能研究[J].表面技术,2011,40(1):11-13.XU Cheng-wei,WANG Zhen-quan,HU Xin,HUANG Cheng-gong.Research on microstructure and property of laser cladding layer on 1Crl7Ni2 stainless steel[J].Surface Technology,2011,40(1):11-13.
[5]HE X,YU G,MAZUMDER J.Temperature and composition profile during double-track laser cladding of H13 tool steel[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2010,43(1):015502.
[6]CHEW Y X,PANG J H L,BI G J,SONG B.Thermo-mechanical model for simulating laser cladding residual stresses with single and multiple cladbeads[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2015,224:89-101.
[7]YE R Q,SMUGERESKY J E,ZHENG B L,ZHOU Y Z,LAVERNIA E J.Numerical modeling of the thermal behavior during the LENS?process[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2006,428(1/2):47-53.
[8]KUMAR A,PAUL C P,PADIYAR A S,BHARGAVA P,MUNDRA G,KUKRERA L M.Numerical simulation of laser rapid manufacturing of multi-Layer thin wall using improved mass addition approach[J].Numerical Heat Transfer Applications,2014,65(9):885-910.
[9]GHOSH S,CHOI J.Modeling and experimental verification of transient/residual stresses and microstructure formation in multi-layer laser aided DMD process[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,2006,128(7):662-679.
[10]FARAHMAND P,KOVACEVIC R.An experimental numerical investigation of heat distribution and stress field in single and multi-track laser cladding by a high-power direct diode laser[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2014,63(4):154-168.
[11]WANG M D,SHI S H,LIU X B,SONG C F,SUN L N.Numerical simulation on temperature field in muti-layers inside-beam powder feeding when laser cladding[J].Key Engineering Materials,2012,499(4):114-119.
[12]ZHANG Y J,YU G,HE X L,NING W J,ZHENG C Y.Numerical and experimental investigation of multilayer SS410thin wall built by laser direct metal deposition[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(1):106-112.
[13]VASINONTA A,BEUTH J L,GRIFFITH M L.A process map for consistent build conditions in the solid free form fabrication of thin-walled structures[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science&Engineering,2001,123(4):615-622.
[14]ZHAO H H,ZHANG G J,YIN Z Q,WU L.Three-dimensional finite element analysis of thermal stress in single-pass multi-layer weld-based rapid prototyping[J].Journal of Materials Processing Tech,2012,212(1):276-285.
[15]张秀辉,胡仁喜,康士廷.ANSYS 14.0有限元分析从入门到精通[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013:281-283.ZHANG Xiu-hui,HU Ren-xi,KANG Shi-ting.ANSYS 14.0finite element analysis:From entry to mastery[M].Beijing:China Machine press,2013:281-283.
[16]韩远飞,吴鑫华,梅俊发,JARVIS T,SHURVINTON J.基板厚度对激光直接成形Ti6A14V合金显微组织和温度历史的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(1):24-28.HAN Yuan-fei,WU Xin-hua,MEI Jun-fa,JARVIS T,SHURVINTON J.Effect of substrate thickness on microstructure and temperature history of direct laser fabricated Ti6AI4V alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(1):24-28.
[17]LABUDOVIC M.A three dimensional model for direct laser metal powder deposition and rapid prototyping[J].Journal of Materials Science,2003,38(1):35-49.
[18]张哲,韩彬,王勇,王楠楠.工件形状对激光相变硬化温度场和应力场的影响[J].中国激光,2012,39(8):1-7.ZHANG Zhe,HAN Bin,WANG Yong,WANG Nan-nan.Effects of the shape of workpiece on temperature and stress field distribution during Laser transformation Harding[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2012,39(8):1-7.
[19]WANG L,FELICELLI S,GOOROOCHUM Y,WANG P T,HORSTEMEYER M F.Optimization of the LENS process for steady molten pool size[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2008,474(1/2):148-156.
[20]曾大文,谢长生.激光熔池三维非稳态对流传热过程的数值模拟[J].激光技术,2002,26(2):102-105.ZENG Da-sheng,XIE Chang-sheng.Numerical simulation for the process of 3D transient convection and heat transfer in the molten pool[J].Laser Technology,2002,26(2):102-105.
[21]ZHENG B,ZHOU Y,SMUGERESKY J E,SCHOENUNG J M,LAVERNIA E J.Thermal behavior and microstructural evolution during laser deposition with laser-engineered net shaping:partⅠ.Numerical calculations[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2008,39(9):2228-2236.
[22]姜秋月.多道激光熔覆应力场的模拟分析[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(6):124-127.JIANG Qiu-yue.Simulation analysis on stress fieid of multi-track laser cladding[J].Hot Working Technology,2011,40(6):124-127.