镍基材料焊接中高温失塑裂纹DDC的生成机理及研究进展
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摘要
综述了镍基高温合金焊接中高温失塑裂纹(DDC)的生成及最新研究进展,讨论了镍基高温合金焊接过程中评价DDC的几种主要试验方法并着重对最适合于DDC敏感性研究的STF试验进行了详细的叙述,同时综述了高温失塑裂纹的生成机理,影响高温失塑裂纹的因素以及降低DDC敏感性的一些措施。通过综述结果表明降低DDC敏感性的主要措施是采用合适的合金体系和配合合适的焊接工艺。通过合适的合金体系来控制晶界形貌,即一些特定的元素和C形成MC类碳化物并以析出物的形式均匀分布在晶界区域内,它们会有效钉扎晶界使晶界变得更加曲折,阻碍晶界的滑移以及晶粒的长大。使用使合金组织晶粒细化的焊接工艺以及相应后续处理使合金拥有很好的抗高温失塑裂纹的性能。
The formation and the recent research progress of ductility dip cracking( DDC) produced during welding processes of nickel-based superalloy were summarized,several testing DDC methods and its mechanism of DDC during welding processes were discussed. The STF testing method is most suitable for the study of DDC sensitivity and was described in detail. The mechanism of the formation of ductility dip cracking,the factors affecting DDC and the ways to reduce the sensitivity of DDC were also discussed. The main ways to reduce the sensitivity of DDC are to adopt the appropriate alloying system and the appropriate welding process. The appropriate alloying system can control the grain boundary morphology,that is to say,some specific elements and C form MC carbide and are evenly distributed in the grain boundary in the form of precipitates,which will effectively pinch grain boundaries to make the grain boundaries become more tortuous,hinder the grain boundary slip and grain growth. The optimized welding technologies and heat-teartment after welding which make the grains finer can have higher resistance to DDC.
The formation and the recent research progress of ductility dip cracking( DDC) produced during welding processes of nickel-based superalloy were summarized,several testing DDC methods and its mechanism of DDC during welding processes were discussed. The STF testing method is most suitable for the study of DDC sensitivity and was described in detail. The mechanism of the formation of ductility dip cracking,the factors affecting DDC and the ways to reduce the sensitivity of DDC were also discussed. The main ways to reduce the sensitivity of DDC are to adopt the appropriate alloying system and the appropriate welding process. The appropriate alloying system can control the grain boundary morphology,that is to say,some specific elements and C form MC carbide and are evenly distributed in the grain boundary in the form of precipitates,which will effectively pinch grain boundaries to make the grain boundaries become more tortuous,hinder the grain boundary slip and grain growth. The optimized welding technologies and heat-teartment after welding which make the grains finer can have higher resistance to DDC.
引文
[1]唐识,刘非,胡庆睿.核电站钢制安全壳SA738Gr.B钢焊缝裂纹产生原因分析及预防[J].焊接,2017(8):55-60.
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[21]Kadoi K,Uegaki T,Shinozaki K.New measurement technique of ductility curve for ductility-dip cracking susceptibility in alloy 690 welds[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,672:59-64.
[22]Sugawara K,Narita T,Samori A,et al.Nickel-based alloy welding material:JP,2010036223 A[P].2010-02-18.
[23]水本学,大泉真吾.低温鋼溶接用Ni基合金终珠置织止入贞诛证咒:JP,2012143796 A[P],2012-08-02.
[24]Lee D J,Kim Y S,Shin Y T,et al.Contribution of precipatate on migrated grain boundaries to ductility-dip cracking in alloy 625 weld joints[J].Met Mater Shin,2010,16(5):813-817.
[25]Ojo O A,Richards N L.Heat-affected zone cracking in welded nickel superalloys[M].Welding and Joining of Aerospace Materials,University of Manitoba,Canada,2012:142-177.
[26]Kazuyoshi S,Akira T,Masahi S,et al.Effect of Ce addition to filler metal on microcracking susceptibility of alloy690 multipass weld metal[J].Quarterly Journal of The Japan Welding Society,2009,27(2):144-148.
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[28]Kawasaki K,Yamamoto R,Kadoya Y,et al.Welding material for nickel-based alloy:JP,2010029914A[P].2010-02-12.
[29]Mithilesh P,Varun D,Reddy A R G,et al.Investigations on dissimilar weldments of Inconel 625 and AISI 304[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,75:66-70.
[30]Mo W,Hu X.Effects of boron on the microstructure,ductility-dip-cracking,and tensile properties for Ni Cr Fe-7weld metal[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2015,31(12):1258-1267.
[31]川本裕晃,池田哲直,渡辺博久.Ni基合金フラックス入りワイヤ:JP,2011140064 A[P].2011-07-21.
[32]Chen H,Lu H.Reduction of ductility-dip cracking susceptibility by ultrasonic-assisted GTAW[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,239:240-250.
[33]Tadashi I,Teiichiro S,Masaharu K,et al.Wire filled with Ni-based alloy flux:JP,2009056478 A[P].2009-03-19.
[34]Nissley N E.Intermediate temperature grain boundary embrittlement in nickel-base weld metals[D].The Ohio State University,USA,2006.
[35]Petro J S.Effect of interpass temperature on the structure and properties of multipass weldments in high performance nickel alloys[D].Colorado State University,USA,2011.
[36]Wei X,Xu M.Effect of local texture and precipitation on the ductility dip cracking of ERNi Cr Fe-7A Ni-based overlay[J].Materials&Design,2016,110:90-98.
[37]Churchman C.The influence of electron beam welding parameters on heat affected zone and weld metal cracking of nibased superalloys[D].University of Manitoba,Canada,2008.
[38]张天武.激光焊接工艺对Fe-Ni合金焊缝质量的影响[D].大连:大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2013.
[39]Gao Z.Numerical modeling to understand liquation cracking propensity during laser and laser hybrid welding(I)[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2012,63(1-4):291-303.
[2]陈俊梅,陆皓,陈静青,等.镍基合金焊缝高温失塑裂纹形成机制和调控研究进展[M].上海:中国学术期刊电子出版社,2002.
[3]叶建水,董建新,张麦仓,等.700℃先进超超临界电站用617和740镍基合金焊接研究进展[J].世界钢铁,2013,13(4):63-71.
[4]唐正柱,陈佩寅,吴伟.Nb对镍基合金高温失塑裂纹敏感性的影响机理[J].焊接学报,2008,29(1):109-112.
[5]郭祥,芦丽莉,王飞,等.异种金属环焊接接头裂纹分析与控制[J].焊接,2017(8):38-42,70.
[6]栗卓新,王恒,Tillmann Wolfgang,等.镍基合金焊缝金属热裂纹及接头强韧性的研究进展[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(8):1267-1274.
[7]吴伟,陈佩寅,张锐.镍基焊接材料高温失塑裂纹的研究现状及研究趋势[J].焊接,2005(5):5-8.
[8]Nissley N E,Collins M G,Guaytima G,et al.Development of the strain-to-fracture test for evaluating ductilitydip cracking in austenitic stainless steels and Ni-base alloys[J].Welding in the World,2002,46(7-8):32-40.
[9]Ramirez A J,Lippold J C.High temperature behavior of Ni-base weld metal.Part II:Insight into the mechanism for ductility dip cracking[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2004(380):245-258.
[10]张皓月.S、P对Inconel690焊丝熔敷金属结晶裂纹敏感性影响的研究[D].哈尔滨:机械科学研究总院哈尔滨焊接研究所硕士学位论文,2011.
[11]Nissley N E,Lippold J C.Ductility-dip cracking susceptibility of nickel-based weld metals.part 1:strain-to-fracture testing[J].Welding Journal,2008,87(10):257-264.
[12]Young G A,Capobianco T E,Penik M A,et al.The mechanism of ductility dip cracking in nickel-chromium alloys[J].Welding Journal,2008,2(2):31-43.
[13]Nishimoto K,Saida K,Okauchi H,et al.Microcracking in multipass weld metal of alloy 690 part 3-prevention of microcracking in reheated weld metal by addition of La to filler metal[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2006,11(4):471-479.
[14]Collins M G,Lippold J C.Quantifying ductility-dip cracking susceptibility in nickel-base weld metals using the strain-tofracture test[C].6th International Conference:Trends in Welding Research,Pine Mountain,USA,2003:586-590.
[15]Mishra D,Vignesh M K,Raj B G,et al.Mechanical characterization of Monel 400 and 316stainless steel weldments[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,75:24-28.
[16]Mo W,Lu S,Li D,et al.Effects of filler metal composition on inclusions and inclusion defects for ER Ni Cr Fe-7 weldments[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2013,29(5):458-466.
[17]Mo W,Lu S,Li D,et al.Effects of filler metal composition on the microstructure and mechanical for ER Ni Cr Fe-7multi-pass weldments[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,582(10):326-337.
[18]Alexandrov B T,Hope A T,Sowards J W,et al.Weldability studies of high-Cr,Ni-base filler metals for power generation applications[J].Welding in the World,2011,55:65-76.
[19]丸山敏治,河野找斋针,岡崎司.Ni基高Cr合金用溶接材料:JP,2009022989 A[P],2009-02-05.
[20]Ramirez A J,Sowards J W,Lippol J C,et al.Improving the ductility-dip cracking resistance of Ni-base alloys[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2006,179:212-218.
[21]Kadoi K,Uegaki T,Shinozaki K.New measurement technique of ductility curve for ductility-dip cracking susceptibility in alloy 690 welds[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,672:59-64.
[22]Sugawara K,Narita T,Samori A,et al.Nickel-based alloy welding material:JP,2010036223 A[P].2010-02-18.
[23]水本学,大泉真吾.低温鋼溶接用Ni基合金终珠置织止入贞诛证咒:JP,2012143796 A[P],2012-08-02.
[24]Lee D J,Kim Y S,Shin Y T,et al.Contribution of precipatate on migrated grain boundaries to ductility-dip cracking in alloy 625 weld joints[J].Met Mater Shin,2010,16(5):813-817.
[25]Ojo O A,Richards N L.Heat-affected zone cracking in welded nickel superalloys[M].Welding and Joining of Aerospace Materials,University of Manitoba,Canada,2012:142-177.
[26]Kazuyoshi S,Akira T,Masahi S,et al.Effect of Ce addition to filler metal on microcracking susceptibility of alloy690 multipass weld metal[J].Quarterly Journal of The Japan Welding Society,2009,27(2):144-148.
[27]Saida K,Taniguchi A,Okauchi H,et al.Prevention of microcracking in dissimilar multipass welds of alloy 690 to type316L stainless steel by Ce addition to filler metal[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2011,16(6):553-560.
[28]Kawasaki K,Yamamoto R,Kadoya Y,et al.Welding material for nickel-based alloy:JP,2010029914A[P].2010-02-12.
[29]Mithilesh P,Varun D,Reddy A R G,et al.Investigations on dissimilar weldments of Inconel 625 and AISI 304[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,75:66-70.
[30]Mo W,Hu X.Effects of boron on the microstructure,ductility-dip-cracking,and tensile properties for Ni Cr Fe-7weld metal[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2015,31(12):1258-1267.
[31]川本裕晃,池田哲直,渡辺博久.Ni基合金フラックス入りワイヤ:JP,2011140064 A[P].2011-07-21.
[32]Chen H,Lu H.Reduction of ductility-dip cracking susceptibility by ultrasonic-assisted GTAW[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,239:240-250.
[33]Tadashi I,Teiichiro S,Masaharu K,et al.Wire filled with Ni-based alloy flux:JP,2009056478 A[P].2009-03-19.
[34]Nissley N E.Intermediate temperature grain boundary embrittlement in nickel-base weld metals[D].The Ohio State University,USA,2006.
[35]Petro J S.Effect of interpass temperature on the structure and properties of multipass weldments in high performance nickel alloys[D].Colorado State University,USA,2011.
[36]Wei X,Xu M.Effect of local texture and precipitation on the ductility dip cracking of ERNi Cr Fe-7A Ni-based overlay[J].Materials&Design,2016,110:90-98.
[37]Churchman C.The influence of electron beam welding parameters on heat affected zone and weld metal cracking of nibased superalloys[D].University of Manitoba,Canada,2008.
[38]张天武.激光焊接工艺对Fe-Ni合金焊缝质量的影响[D].大连:大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2013.
[39]Gao Z.Numerical modeling to understand liquation cracking propensity during laser and laser hybrid welding(I)[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2012,63(1-4):291-303.