800nm高能量飞秒激光脉冲刻写长周期光纤光栅机理
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摘要
基于800nm飞秒激光脉冲对标准单模光纤采用非载氢技术刻写长周期光纤光栅的机理进行了研究.搭建了水平、垂直双CCD视频监控的飞秒激光脉冲逐点刻蚀长周期光纤光栅系统,研究了光栅长度、激光脉冲能量和光栅占空比等参数对光栅光谱特性的影响.研究结果表明,当光栅周期长度不变,光栅周期数和激光脉冲能量的变化使光栅谐振峰强度发生变化,光栅透射谱是单峰的;光栅占空比的改变导致光栅谐振峰由单峰转变为多峰.在谐振波长1 540nm处,得带谐振峰强度达到15dB、带外损耗不足2dB,在3dB衰减处带宽为15nm的谐振透射谱.
The fabrication mechanism of Long-Period Fiber Gratings(LPFGs)in standard SMF-28 telecommunication fibers without hydrogen loading were explored by using direct writing method based on femtosecond laser pulses,with pulse duration of 100 fs,1 kHz repetition rate and a central wavelength of 800 nm.The experimental system to write LPFGs is adopted directly the horizontal and vertical double CCD video to realize monitoring and alignment of fiber.The LPFGs with different spectral characteristics were fabricated by adjusting the number of grating period,energy density of laser irradiation and duty ratio.The result shows that resonance peak loss generate single-peak when the period of grating is constant,and the variations of the number of grating periods and pulse energy of laser irradiation will lead to the change of resonance peak loss.The variations of duty ratio will lead to the generation of resonance rejection band of LPFGs from single-peak to multi-peak plus lesser out-of-band loss.And finally,a resonance transmission spectra with 15 dB attenuation,3 dB bandwidth of 15 nm,and less than 2dB out-of-band losses at wavelength of 1 540nm was obtained.
The fabrication mechanism of Long-Period Fiber Gratings(LPFGs)in standard SMF-28 telecommunication fibers without hydrogen loading were explored by using direct writing method based on femtosecond laser pulses,with pulse duration of 100 fs,1 kHz repetition rate and a central wavelength of 800 nm.The experimental system to write LPFGs is adopted directly the horizontal and vertical double CCD video to realize monitoring and alignment of fiber.The LPFGs with different spectral characteristics were fabricated by adjusting the number of grating period,energy density of laser irradiation and duty ratio.The result shows that resonance peak loss generate single-peak when the period of grating is constant,and the variations of the number of grating periods and pulse energy of laser irradiation will lead to the change of resonance peak loss.The variations of duty ratio will lead to the generation of resonance rejection band of LPFGs from single-peak to multi-peak plus lesser out-of-band loss.And finally,a resonance transmission spectra with 15 dB attenuation,3 dB bandwidth of 15 nm,and less than 2dB out-of-band losses at wavelength of 1 540nm was obtained.
引文
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[18]STEPHEN A S,DAVID N N.Long-period fiber grating inscription under high intensity 352 nm femto-second irradiation:Three photo absorption and energy deposition in cladding[J].Optics Communications,2005,255:81-90.
[19]LI Chuan,ZHANG Yi-mo,ZHAO Yong-gui.Fiber grating:principle,technology and application[M].2005,Beijing:Science Press.李川,张以谟,赵永贵.光纤光栅:原理、技术与传感应用[M].2005,北京:科学出版社.
[2]VENGSARKAR A M,PEDRAZZANI J R,JUDKINS J B,et al.Long-period fiber grating basen gain equalizers[J].Optics Letter,1996,21(5):336-338.
[3]WU Min,RAO Yun-jiang,RAN Zeng-ling,et al.A long distance FBG sensor system based on LPFG denoising and hybrid amplification[J].Journal of Optoelectronics Laser,2007,18(11):1289-1292.吴敏,饶云江,冉曾令,等.基于LPFG滤噪和混合放大的长距离FBG传感器系统[J].光电子·激光,2007,18(11):1289-1292.
[4]VENGSARKAR A M,LEMAIRE P J,JUDKINS J B,et al.Long period fiber gratings as band reject ion filters[J].Journal Light wave Technology,1996,14(1):58-65.
[5]ALLSOP T,KALLI K,ZHOU K,LAI Y,et al.Long period gratings written into a photonic crystal fibre by a femtosecond laser as directional bend sensors[J].Optics Communications,2008,281(20):5092-5096.
[6]KONDO Y,NOUCHI K,MITSUYU T,et al.Fabrication of long-period fiber gratings by focused irradiation of infrared femtosecond laser pulses[J].Optics Letters,1999,24(10):646-648.
[7]MARTINEZ A,DUBOV M,KHRUSHCHEV I,et al.Photo induced modifications in fiber gratings inscribed directly by infrared femtosecond irradiation[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2006,18(21):2266-2268.
[8]MARTINEZ A,KHRUSHCHEV I Y,BENNION I.Direct inscription of Bragg gratings in coated fibers by an infrared femto-second laser[J].Optics Letters,2006,31(11):1603-1605.
[9]ZHANG N,YANG J J,WANG M W,et al.Fabrication of long-period fiber gratings using 800nm femtosecond laser pulses[J].Chinese Physics Letters,2006,23(12):3281-3284.
[10]张玲,飞秒写制长周期光纤光栅的光谱特征及传感应用[D].山东:山东大学,2012.
[11]KONDO Y,NOUCHI K,MITSUYU T,et al.Fabrication of long-period fiber gratings by focused irradiation of infrared femtosecond laser pulses[J].Optics Letters,1999,24(10):646-648.
[12]FUJII T,FUKUDA T,ISHIKAWA S,et al.Characteristics improvement of long-period fiber gratings fabricated by femtosecond laser pulses using novel positioning technique[C].Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference,Technical Digest(CD),2004,THC6.
[13]ALEXEY I K,DAVID N,GILBERTO B.Long-period fiber grating fabrication by high-intensity femtosecond pulses at211nm[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2005,23(8):2568-2578.
[14]ZHU Tao,RAO Yun-jiang,MO Qiu-ju.Ultra-long period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2laser pulses[J].Acta Photonics Sinica,2005,34(1):1697-1700.朱涛,饶云江,莫秋菊.高频CO2激光脉冲写入的超长周期光纤光栅[J].光子学报,2005,34(11):1697-1700.
[15]RAO Yun-jiang,WANG Yi-ping,ZHU Tao.The principle and application of fiber Bragg grating[M].2006,Beijing:Science Press.饶云江,王义平,朱涛.光纤光栅原理及应[M].2006,北京:科学出版社.
[16]HU Y W,SUNX Y,DUAN J A,et al.The effect of refractive index modification position and duty cycle on performance of LPFGs[A].In:Photonics and Optic electronics(SOPO)[C],Wuhan,2011:1-3.
[17]ZHANG Guo-sheng,MA Ren-de,WANG Zheng-ping,et al.Theoretical analysis of the influence of duty cycle on the spectrum distribution of long period fiber gratings[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2007,28(11):1296-1300.张国生,马任德,王政平,等,长周期光纤光栅占空比对其光谱影响的理论分析[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2007,28(11):1296-1300.
[18]STEPHEN A S,DAVID N N.Long-period fiber grating inscription under high intensity 352 nm femto-second irradiation:Three photo absorption and energy deposition in cladding[J].Optics Communications,2005,255:81-90.
[19]LI Chuan,ZHANG Yi-mo,ZHAO Yong-gui.Fiber grating:principle,technology and application[M].2005,Beijing:Science Press.李川,张以谟,赵永贵.光纤光栅:原理、技术与传感应用[M].2005,北京:科学出版社.