大倾角煤层长壁大采高工作面煤壁稳定性的采厚效应
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摘要
煤壁片帮是制约大倾角煤层大采高工作面安全高效开采的主要灾害之一,为分析采厚对煤壁稳定性的影响,综合采用数值计算、理论分析和现场实测的方法,研究了不同采厚条件下大倾角大采高工作面煤壁应力、位移分布特征,建立了煤壁垂向力学模型,确定了煤壁失稳临界条件,揭示了采厚变化对煤壁稳定性作用机理。研究表明:工作面煤壁垂直位移量远大于水平位移量,沿工作面倾向中下部区域煤壁水平位移量小于上部区域,下部区域煤壁垂直应力大于中上部区域。随着采厚增加,工作面前方煤体垂直应力不断向深部转移,应力峰值及其距煤壁距离增大,煤壁垂直应力值和垂直位移量不断减小,前方煤体垂直位移量增幅增大,煤壁水平位移量增加,且发生较大水平位移范围向深部延伸,发生煤壁片帮的机率增加。
The coal rib spalling is one of main factors to limit the safe and high efficiency mining of an underground working face with a large mining height in a steeply inclined seam. In order to analyze impacts of mining height on the stability of coal rib, the comprehensive methodologies including numerical calculation, theoretical analysis, and in-situ monitoring have been applied to study distribution characteristics of stress and displacement of coal rib. The mechanical model of coal rib in vertical direction has been established for revealing critical conditions on instability of coal rib and the mechanism of mining height on stability of coal rib was studied. The research results show that the vertical displacement of coal rib is much greater than the horizontal displacement. The horizontal displacement of coal rib in middle and lower areas is smaller than that in upper area and the vertical stress of coal rib in lower area is larger than that in upper and middle areas. With increasing mining height, the vertical stress of coal in front of working face increases continuously. The peak value and its distance from coal rib also increase. The vertical stress and displacement of coal wall decreases and the horizontal displacement of coal rib increases. The range of large horizontal displacement extends to deeper area and the probability of coal rib spalling increases.
The coal rib spalling is one of main factors to limit the safe and high efficiency mining of an underground working face with a large mining height in a steeply inclined seam. In order to analyze impacts of mining height on the stability of coal rib, the comprehensive methodologies including numerical calculation, theoretical analysis, and in-situ monitoring have been applied to study distribution characteristics of stress and displacement of coal rib. The mechanical model of coal rib in vertical direction has been established for revealing critical conditions on instability of coal rib and the mechanism of mining height on stability of coal rib was studied. The research results show that the vertical displacement of coal rib is much greater than the horizontal displacement. The horizontal displacement of coal rib in middle and lower areas is smaller than that in upper area and the vertical stress of coal rib in lower area is larger than that in upper and middle areas. With increasing mining height, the vertical stress of coal in front of working face increases continuously. The peak value and its distance from coal rib also increase. The vertical stress and displacement of coal wall decreases and the horizontal displacement of coal rib increases. The range of large horizontal displacement extends to deeper area and the probability of coal rib spalling increases.
引文
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[12]解盘石,伍永平.大倾角煤层长壁大采高开采煤壁片帮机理及防控技术[J].煤炭工程,2015,47(1):74-77.XIE Panshi,WU Yongping.Mechanism and control methods of rib spalling in steeply dipping thick seam in fully-mechanized longwall mining with large mining height[J].Mining Engineering,2015,47(1):74-77.
[13]伍永平,郎丁,解盘石.大倾角软煤综放工作面煤壁片帮机理及致灾机制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1878-1884.WU Yongping,LANG Ding,XIE Panshi.Mechanism of disaster due to rib spalling at fully-mechanized top coal caving face in soft steeply dipping seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1878-1884.
[14]范志忠,毛德兵,徐刚,等.大倾角大采高综采面倾向长度尺寸效应分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):581-585.FAN Zhizhong,MAO Debing,XU Gang,et al.Analysis on the scale effect in the fully mechanized mining panel width with large mining height and dip angle[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):581-585.
[2]杨培举,刘长友,吴锋锋.厚煤层大采高采场煤壁的破坏规律与失稳机理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(3):371-377.YANG Peiju,LIU Changyou,WU Fengfeng.Breakage and falling of a high coal wall in a thick mined seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(3):371-377.
[3]杨敬轩,刘长友,吴锋锋,等.煤层硬夹矸对大采高工作面煤壁稳定性影响机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(6):856-862.YANG Jingxuan,LIU Changyou,WU Fengfeng,et al.The research on the coal wall stability mechanism in larger height coal seam with a stratum of gangue[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(6):56-862.
[4]黄庆享,刘建浩.浅埋大采高工作面煤壁片帮的柱条模型分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):187-191.HUANG Qingxiang,LIU Jianhao.Vertical slice model for coal wall spalling of large mining height longwall face in shallow seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):187-191.
[5]殷帅峰,何富连,程根银.大采高综放面煤壁片帮判定准则及安全评价系统研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(5):800-807.YIN Shuaifeng,HE Fulian,CHENG Genyin.Study of criterions and safety evaluation of rib spalling in fully mechanized top-coal caving face with large mining height[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(5):800-807.
[6]尹希文,闫少宏,安宇.大采高综采面煤壁片帮特征分析与应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(2):222-225.YIN Xiwen,YAN Shaohong,AN Yu.Characters of the rib spalling in fully mechanized caving face with great mining height[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(2):222-225.
[7]王国法,庞义辉,刘俊峰.特厚煤层大采高综放开采机采高度的确定与影响[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(11):1777-1782.WANG Guofa,PANG Yihui,LIU Junfeng.Determination and influence of cutting height of coal by top coal caving method with great mining height in extra thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(11):1777-1782.
[8]王家臣,王兆会,孔德中.硬煤工作面煤壁破坏与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2243-2250.WANG Jiachen,WANG Zhaohui,KONG Dezhong.Failure and prevention mechanism of coal wall in hard coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2243-2250.
[9]袁永,屠世浩,马小涛,等.“三软”大采高综采面煤壁稳定性及其控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):21-25.YUAN Yong,TU Shihao,MA Xiaotao,et al.Coal wall stability of fully mechanized working face with great mining height in“three soft”coal seam and its control technology[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):21-25.
[10]杨胜利,孔德中.大采高煤壁片帮防治柔性加固机理与应用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1361-1367.YANG Shengli,KONG Dezhong.Flexible reinforcement mechanism and its application in the control of spalling at large mining height coal face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1361-1367.
[11]王红伟,伍永平,解盘石,等.大倾角采场矸石充填量化特征及覆岩运动机制[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):886-892.WANG Hongwei,WU Yongping,XIE Panshi,et al.The quantitative filling characteristics of the waste rock and roof movement mechanism in the steeply inclined working face[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(5):886-892.
[12]解盘石,伍永平.大倾角煤层长壁大采高开采煤壁片帮机理及防控技术[J].煤炭工程,2015,47(1):74-77.XIE Panshi,WU Yongping.Mechanism and control methods of rib spalling in steeply dipping thick seam in fully-mechanized longwall mining with large mining height[J].Mining Engineering,2015,47(1):74-77.
[13]伍永平,郎丁,解盘石.大倾角软煤综放工作面煤壁片帮机理及致灾机制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1878-1884.WU Yongping,LANG Ding,XIE Panshi.Mechanism of disaster due to rib spalling at fully-mechanized top coal caving face in soft steeply dipping seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1878-1884.
[14]范志忠,毛德兵,徐刚,等.大倾角大采高综采面倾向长度尺寸效应分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):581-585.FAN Zhizhong,MAO Debing,XU Gang,et al.Analysis on the scale effect in the fully mechanized mining panel width with large mining height and dip angle[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):581-585.