对海南岛大地构造特征的新探索
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摘要
当前对海南岛大地构造的认识主要有槽台说、地洼说、岛弧说和板块构造说,所有这些观点,包括活动论的板块构造都是建立在以垂直升降运动为主的固定论的基础上的,都认为地层和岩石,特别是花岗岩都是原地形成的,并依此建立了多阶段、多旋回的地质-构造旋回或地槽、地台、地台活化(或地洼)的发展阶段和演化历史,集中体现了活动与稳定相互转化的递进过程。当我们重新分析研究已有资料并采用新全球动力学理论和抽拉构造形成褶皱带、造山带模式的理论来重新认识海南岛的大地构造时,以上观点都值得商榷。研究发现:(1)海南岛前白垩系的所有地层都存在顶底不清、接触关系不明并常呈断层接触,岩石地层的建立不符合相关规范,不能按时代先后顺序建立全岛统一的地层柱,也不能按时代顺序和不整合上下关系建立地质-构造旋回和大地构造发展阶段;(2)组成全岛最广的岩石是片麻状花岗岩,与沉积-变质岩占多数的大陆褶皱带(造山带)明显不同,具片麻状、混合岩化的花岗岩实属太古宙的TTG岩套,它不是侵位于相邻的前白垩系地层中的侵入岩,而是以抽拉-逆冲-推覆出地表的岩片构造;(3)全岛岩石地层按接触关系自下而上可划分出5个岩片构造系统:原地系统、准原地系统和3个外来系统,并以此为依据划分出海南岛的构造单元;(4)海南岛所属的一级构造单元是青藏高原涡旋-甩出-热核反应构造体系,二级构造单元为南海-海南岛旋扭涡旋构造区,三级构造单元为海南岛旋卷-扭动构造及其内部的砥柱构造;(5)砥柱状隆升与南海基性火山岩中的热点相复合,是海南岛异常突出海面的根本原因,属原地系统;(6)不同岩片构造系统按抽拉构造的方式叠置堆垛在砥柱状-热点构造之上是海南岛大地构造的基本特征;(7)海南岛的大地构造发展史只能从中生代晚期开始。
Today there are such understandings as geosyncline-platform theory,diwa theory,island-arc theory and plate tectonics theory for Hainan Island tectonics.All these views,including mobilism of plate tectonics,are established on the basis of fixism of vertical movement,which believe that strata and rocks,especially granite was formed in situ,and accordingly established the multi stage and multi cycle of tectonic cycles or a geosyncline,platform and platform activation(or diwa)stage of development and evolution history,which embodies the mutual transformation of the activity and stability of the progressive process.When we reanalyze the existing data by using the new global dynamics theory,Choula tectonics forming fold belt and the orogenic model theory to rethink the tectonics of Hainan Island,these views are questionable.Through the analysis,it is found that,firstly all the Pre-Cretaceous strata of Hainan Island have the unclear top and the contact relationship is unknown,often showing the fault contact.The establishment of the rock stratum does not accord with the relevant regulations,it is not able to establish the stratigraphic column in unification of the island according to the time sequence;it is also not able to establish geological tectonic cycle and geotectonic development stage according to the time sequence and integration relationship.Secondly,the most popular rock of Hainan Island is composed of the gneissic granite,which is obviously different from the continental fold belts(orogenic belts)composed of sedimentary metamorphic rocks.The gneissic granite with migmatization actually belongs to Archean TTG suite,which is not the intrusive rock emplaced in the Pre-Cretaceous strata,but the sheet tectonics drew-thrusted and pushed over the surface.Thirdly,according to the contact relationships of Island lithostratigraphy,it can be divided into five rock-sheet structure systems:autochthonous system,quasi autochthonous system and three foreign systems,and then,the structural units are partitioned accordingly.Fourthly,Hainan Island,belonging to the first-order tectonic units is the Tibetan Plateau vortexthrowing out-thermonuclear reaction tectonic system.The secondary tectonic unit is the South China Sea andHainan Island vortex structure zone,and the third-level tectonic unit is Hainan Island vortex-shear structure and interior pillar structure.Fifthly,the combined effects of the pillar shaped uplift and hot spot of basic volcano rocks of South China Sea is the fundamental reason of Hainan Island's outcropping above the sea surface,belonging to autochthonous system.Sixthly,different rock-sheet structure systems layered and piled up above nuclear column-hot spot tectonics according to the drawing out tectonics,which is the basic characteristic of the tectonic framework of Hainan Island.And finally the geotectonic history of Hainan Island can only begin from the late Mesozoic.
Today there are such understandings as geosyncline-platform theory,diwa theory,island-arc theory and plate tectonics theory for Hainan Island tectonics.All these views,including mobilism of plate tectonics,are established on the basis of fixism of vertical movement,which believe that strata and rocks,especially granite was formed in situ,and accordingly established the multi stage and multi cycle of tectonic cycles or a geosyncline,platform and platform activation(or diwa)stage of development and evolution history,which embodies the mutual transformation of the activity and stability of the progressive process.When we reanalyze the existing data by using the new global dynamics theory,Choula tectonics forming fold belt and the orogenic model theory to rethink the tectonics of Hainan Island,these views are questionable.Through the analysis,it is found that,firstly all the Pre-Cretaceous strata of Hainan Island have the unclear top and the contact relationship is unknown,often showing the fault contact.The establishment of the rock stratum does not accord with the relevant regulations,it is not able to establish the stratigraphic column in unification of the island according to the time sequence;it is also not able to establish geological tectonic cycle and geotectonic development stage according to the time sequence and integration relationship.Secondly,the most popular rock of Hainan Island is composed of the gneissic granite,which is obviously different from the continental fold belts(orogenic belts)composed of sedimentary metamorphic rocks.The gneissic granite with migmatization actually belongs to Archean TTG suite,which is not the intrusive rock emplaced in the Pre-Cretaceous strata,but the sheet tectonics drew-thrusted and pushed over the surface.Thirdly,according to the contact relationships of Island lithostratigraphy,it can be divided into five rock-sheet structure systems:autochthonous system,quasi autochthonous system and three foreign systems,and then,the structural units are partitioned accordingly.Fourthly,Hainan Island,belonging to the first-order tectonic units is the Tibetan Plateau vortexthrowing out-thermonuclear reaction tectonic system.The secondary tectonic unit is the South China Sea andHainan Island vortex structure zone,and the third-level tectonic unit is Hainan Island vortex-shear structure and interior pillar structure.Fifthly,the combined effects of the pillar shaped uplift and hot spot of basic volcano rocks of South China Sea is the fundamental reason of Hainan Island's outcropping above the sea surface,belonging to autochthonous system.Sixthly,different rock-sheet structure systems layered and piled up above nuclear column-hot spot tectonics according to the drawing out tectonics,which is the basic characteristic of the tectonic framework of Hainan Island.And finally the geotectonic history of Hainan Island can only begin from the late Mesozoic.
引文
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[3]陈国达.地台活化说及其找矿意义[M].北京:地质出版社,1960.
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[8]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1989.
[9]张文佑.中国大地构造纲要[M].北京:科学出版社,1959.
[10]程裕淇.中国区域地质概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[11]车自成,刘良,罗金海.中国及其邻区区域大地构造学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
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[13]陈哲培,钟盛中,何圣华,等.海南省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997.
[14]杨志华,苏生瑞,李勇,等.中国大地构造几个重大问题的探讨[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):395-406.
[15]杨志华,晁会霞,吴旭,等.行星地球元素的演化与地球内部的相对运动:再论中国大地构造发展演化的新全球动力学理论[J].地学前缘,2016,23(4):166-182.
[16]广东省地质矿产局.广东省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
[17]杨志华.造山带地层研究的非史密斯地层学准则和多种岩石地层单位[M]∥陈克强,汤加富.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995:13-21.
[18]万天丰.中国大地构造学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[19]房立民.变质岩区1∶5万区域地质填图方法指南[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991.
[20]邓晋福,罗照华,苏尚国,等.岩石成因、构造环境与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[21]Burbidge E M,Burbidge G R,Foler W A,et al.Synthesis of the elements in stars[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,1957,29:547-650.
[22]李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.
[23]王登红.地幔柱及其成矿作用[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.
①1∶25万区域地质调查图琼海县幅(E49C001002)等5个图幅(内部资料),2004.
②黄香定,等.海南省矿床成矿系列及成矿预测报告(内部资料).海口:海南省地质矿产勘查开发局,2001.
①黄香定,等.海南省矿床成矿系列及成矿预测报告(内部资料).海口:海南省地质矿产勘查开发局,2001.
①黄香定,等.海南省矿床成矿系列及成矿预测报告(内部资料).海口:海南省地质矿产勘查开发局,2001.
①1∶25万区域地质调查图琼海县幅(E49C001002)等5个图幅(内部资料),2004.
①1∶25万区域地质调查图琼海县幅(E49C001002)等5个图幅(内部资料),2004.
① 黄香定,等.海南省矿床成矿系列及成矿预测报告(内部资料).海口:海南省地质矿产勘查开发局,2001.
[2]任纪舜,王作勋,陈炳蔚.从全球看中国大地构造:中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.
[3]陈国达.地台活化说及其找矿意义[M].北京:地质出版社,1960.
[4]陈国达.亚洲陆海壳体大地构造图(1∶5000000)[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[5]陈国达.亚洲陆海壳体大地构造[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1998.
[6]刘以宣.南海大地构造与陆缘活化[J].大地构造与成矿学,1984,8(3):209-226.
[7]王鸿祯.历史大地构造学及其研究方法[M]∥构造地质学进展.北京:科学出版社,1982:42-50.
[8]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1989.
[9]张文佑.中国大地构造纲要[M].北京:科学出版社,1959.
[10]程裕淇.中国区域地质概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[11]车自成,刘良,罗金海.中国及其邻区区域大地构造学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[12]许靖华,孙枢,李继亮.是华南造山带而不是华南地台[J].中国科学:B辑,1987(10):1107-1115.
[13]陈哲培,钟盛中,何圣华,等.海南省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997.
[14]杨志华,苏生瑞,李勇,等.中国大地构造几个重大问题的探讨[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):395-406.
[15]杨志华,晁会霞,吴旭,等.行星地球元素的演化与地球内部的相对运动:再论中国大地构造发展演化的新全球动力学理论[J].地学前缘,2016,23(4):166-182.
[16]广东省地质矿产局.广东省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
[17]杨志华.造山带地层研究的非史密斯地层学准则和多种岩石地层单位[M]∥陈克强,汤加富.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995:13-21.
[18]万天丰.中国大地构造学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[19]房立民.变质岩区1∶5万区域地质填图方法指南[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991.
[20]邓晋福,罗照华,苏尚国,等.岩石成因、构造环境与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[21]Burbidge E M,Burbidge G R,Foler W A,et al.Synthesis of the elements in stars[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,1957,29:547-650.
[22]李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.
[23]王登红.地幔柱及其成矿作用[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.
①1∶25万区域地质调查图琼海县幅(E49C001002)等5个图幅(内部资料),2004.
②黄香定,等.海南省矿床成矿系列及成矿预测报告(内部资料).海口:海南省地质矿产勘查开发局,2001.
①黄香定,等.海南省矿床成矿系列及成矿预测报告(内部资料).海口:海南省地质矿产勘查开发局,2001.
①黄香定,等.海南省矿床成矿系列及成矿预测报告(内部资料).海口:海南省地质矿产勘查开发局,2001.
①1∶25万区域地质调查图琼海县幅(E49C001002)等5个图幅(内部资料),2004.
①1∶25万区域地质调查图琼海县幅(E49C001002)等5个图幅(内部资料),2004.
① 黄香定,等.海南省矿床成矿系列及成矿预测报告(内部资料).海口:海南省地质矿产勘查开发局,2001.