人工替代栖息地对长江口湿地的补充作用研究
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摘要
利用恢复生态学和景观生态学原理构建人工替代栖息地是恢复和重建生物栖息地环境的重要手段之一,是用于滨海河口区修复或重建滩涂湿地等栖息地的一种替代方法。人工替代栖息地构建出了接近自然原貌的人工系统,创造一种湿地植被和湿地动物可以协调共存的生境,不仅可以为鸟类资源和渔业资源提供良好的栖息环境,其中多样化组合的植被群落在滨水景观、水质净化等方面也起到了重要的作用,对长江口自然湿地的恢复和自然保护区的动态管理具有不可忽视的补充作用。在迁徙鸟类重要中转驿站,珍稀或者经济鱼类的洄游通道,特殊价值的重要湿地景观格局以及水资源战略储备区域中布局人工替代栖息地,可以发挥其对长江口湿地的补充作用,使高度开放而又极为敏感的长江河口地区循着生态健康道路发展。
Artificial alternative habitat by utilization of restoration ecology and landscape ecology theories is a type of habitat reconstruction or habitat alternative method for dealing with habitat loss in coastal estuary or the loss of tidal flats. It creates an artificial system close to the nature as well as a habitat for coordination and co-existence of wetland vegetation and animals. The construction of artificial alternative habitat provides a favorable habitat for fish and bird. Moreover, the diverse vegetation communities in the artificial alternative habitat plays an important role in water purification and landscape construction. It is also unneglectably complementary for restoration of the natural wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary and dynamic management of the nature reserves. The artificial alternative habitat is applicable for the arrangement in the key transit point or wintering grounds of bird migration, the migration channels of cherish or economic fishes, the important landscape layout with special value, and the strategic reserve zones of water resources. The complementary role of artificial alternative habitat played in the Yangtze Estuary makes it proceed along a healthy and steady development for the Yangtze Estuary region which is highly opened but rather sensitive.
Artificial alternative habitat by utilization of restoration ecology and landscape ecology theories is a type of habitat reconstruction or habitat alternative method for dealing with habitat loss in coastal estuary or the loss of tidal flats. It creates an artificial system close to the nature as well as a habitat for coordination and co-existence of wetland vegetation and animals. The construction of artificial alternative habitat provides a favorable habitat for fish and bird. Moreover, the diverse vegetation communities in the artificial alternative habitat plays an important role in water purification and landscape construction. It is also unneglectably complementary for restoration of the natural wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary and dynamic management of the nature reserves. The artificial alternative habitat is applicable for the arrangement in the key transit point or wintering grounds of bird migration, the migration channels of cherish or economic fishes, the important landscape layout with special value, and the strategic reserve zones of water resources. The complementary role of artificial alternative habitat played in the Yangtze Estuary makes it proceed along a healthy and steady development for the Yangtze Estuary region which is highly opened but rather sensitive.
引文
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[25]程和琴,塔娜,周莹,等.海平面上升背景下上海市长江口水源地供水安全风险评估及对策[J].气候变化研究进展,2015,11(4):263-269.
[26]姚东方,赵峰,高宇,等.浮床植物芦苇在长江口水域的生长特性及对氮、磷的固定能力[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(5):753-757.
[27]高宇,黄晓荣,张婷婷,等.中国滨海河口海湾湿地生态系统研究进展:以长江口为例[J].湿地科学与管理,2016,12(4):59-63.
[28]马涛,陈家宽.长江河口湿地保护与可持续利用[J].园林,2008,(11):12-14.
[29]高宇,赵峰,张婷婷,等.人工替代栖息地的效益初探:以长江口为例[J].科学,2016,68(3):45-49.
[2]谢一民.上海湿地[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004.
[3]蔡友铭,周云轩,田波.上海湿地(2版)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2014.
[4]庄平.长江口生境与水生动物资源[J].科学,2012,64(2):19-24.
[5]庄平.河口水生生物多样性与可持续发展[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2008.
[6]Zhao B,Li B,Ma Z,et al.Wise exploitation of newly growing land resources:an assessment on land-use change of Chongming Island using GIS[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2003,13(2):134-141.
[7]沈焕庭,林卫青.上海长江口水源地环境分析与战略选择[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2015.
[8]陈吉余.开发浅海滩涂资源拓展我国的生存空间[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(3):27-31.
[9]Ma Z,Melville D S,Liu J,et al.Rethinking China's new great wall[J].Science,2014,346(6212):912-914.
[10]Ma Z,Gan X,Cai Y,et al.Effects of exotic Spartina alterniflora on the habitat patch associations of breeding saltmarsh birds at Chongming Dongtan in the Yangtze River estuary,China[J].Biological Invasions,2011,13(7):1673-1686.
[11]俞孔坚,许涛,李迪华,等.城市水系统弹性研究进展[J].城市规划学刊,2015,(1):75-83.
[12]高宇,章龙珍,张婷婷,等.长江口湿地保护与管理现状、存在的问题及解决的途径[J].湿地科学,2017,15(2):302-308.
[13]高阳俊,阮仁良,孙从军,等.淀山湖千墩浦河口生态浮床试验工程净化效果[J].水资源保护,2011,27(6):28-31.
[14]赵峰,黄孝锋,张涛,等.利用人工飘浮湿地恢复长江口生物多样性研究初探[J].渔业信息与战略,2015,30(4):288-292.
[15]徐竟成,顾馨,李光明,等.城市景观水体水景效应与水质保育的协同途径[J].中国园林,2015,31(5):67-70.
[16]Ma Z,Gan X,Choi C,et al.Effects of invasive cordgrass on presence of Marsh Grassbird in an area where it is not native[J].Conservation Biology,2014,28(1):150-158.
[17]华宁,马志军,马强,等.冬季水鸟对崇明东滩水产养殖塘的利用[J].生态学报,2009,29(12):6342-6350.
[18]Gao Z,Zhang L.Multi-seasonal spectral characteristics analysis of coastal salt marsh vegetation in Shanghai,China[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,69(1-2):217-224.
[19]俞孔坚.城市景观作为生命系统—2010年上海世博后滩公园[J].建筑学报,2010,(7):30-35.
[20]曾刚,曹贤忠,马双.基于全球城市建设目标的上海滨海地带规划研究[J].上海城市规划,2015,(1):10-14.
[21]Tian B,Zhou Y,Thom R M,et al.Detecting wetland changes in Shanghai,China using FORMOSAT and Landsat TM imagery[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,529(1):1-10.
[22]陈家宽,雷光春,王学雷.长江中下游湿地自然保护区—有效管理十佳案例分析[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2010.
[23]刘晶,牛俊英,邹业爱,等.上海浦东东滩鸟类栖息地生态修复区的水鸟群落变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(2):219-226.
[24]王军燕,周倩彦,马志军.长江口盐沼湿地人工水位调节对盐沼繁殖鸟类的影响:以东方大苇莺为例[R].杭州:第十二届全国鸟类学术研讨会暨第十届海峡两岸鸟类学术研讨会,2013.
[25]程和琴,塔娜,周莹,等.海平面上升背景下上海市长江口水源地供水安全风险评估及对策[J].气候变化研究进展,2015,11(4):263-269.
[26]姚东方,赵峰,高宇,等.浮床植物芦苇在长江口水域的生长特性及对氮、磷的固定能力[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(5):753-757.
[27]高宇,黄晓荣,张婷婷,等.中国滨海河口海湾湿地生态系统研究进展:以长江口为例[J].湿地科学与管理,2016,12(4):59-63.
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