基于人工替代栖息地的长江口湿地系统规划
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摘要
人工替代栖息地是一种用于滨海河口区重建丧失的滩涂等栖息地的替代方法。按照长江口自然栖息地的分布特点以及不同栖息地的服务功能,基于人工替代栖息的生态修复和保护可以分为"两圈两带"。"两圈"是指崇明-长兴-横沙"三岛联动"保护圈,以及九段沙新生栖息地为核心的保护圈;"两带"分为城市生态安全带和城市生态调控带。长江口栖息地保护建设规划涉及具有特殊科学研究价值的栖息地和水源地、退化栖息地的生态修复和重建、景观水系整治等多个环节的建设内容,它们与人工替代栖息地的构建相辅相成。
Artificial alternative habitat is a type of habitat reconstruction or habitat alternative method for dealing with habitat loss in coastal estuary such as the loss of tidal flats. According to the geographical distribution and service functions of typical wetland habitats in the Yangtze estuary, we divided wetland of Yangtze estuary into two types based on the theories of ecological conservation and artificial alternative reconstruction. The classification were termed as "two circles, two strips ". One circle of the"Two circles"is the circle which enclose Chongming—Changxing—Hengsha three islands,the other circle is the protected circle whose core is the newly growing wetland Jiuduansha island; "two strips"include city ecological safety strip and city ecological modulative strip. The habitat protection and construction planning in Yangtze estuary involve the measures of reconstructing habitats and water sources with special scientific value,restoring and reconstructing of degraded habitats,improving landscape water system,etc. These multiple measures and the construction of artificial alternative habitat are complement to each other.
Artificial alternative habitat is a type of habitat reconstruction or habitat alternative method for dealing with habitat loss in coastal estuary such as the loss of tidal flats. According to the geographical distribution and service functions of typical wetland habitats in the Yangtze estuary, we divided wetland of Yangtze estuary into two types based on the theories of ecological conservation and artificial alternative reconstruction. The classification were termed as "two circles, two strips ". One circle of the"Two circles"is the circle which enclose Chongming—Changxing—Hengsha three islands,the other circle is the protected circle whose core is the newly growing wetland Jiuduansha island; "two strips"include city ecological safety strip and city ecological modulative strip. The habitat protection and construction planning in Yangtze estuary involve the measures of reconstructing habitats and water sources with special scientific value,restoring and reconstructing of degraded habitats,improving landscape water system,etc. These multiple measures and the construction of artificial alternative habitat are complement to each other.
引文
[1]高宇,何美梅,赵斌.上海湿地[J].科学,2006,58(5):48-51.
[2]Zhao B,Kreeuter U,Li B,et al.An ecosystem service value assessment of landuse change on Chongming Island,China[J].Land Use Policy,2004,21:139-148.
[3]陈吉余.开发浅海滩涂资源拓展我国的生存空间[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(3):27-31.
[4]谢一民.上海湿地[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004.
[5]高宇,赵斌.上海崇明东滩人类围垦活动对滩涂发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8):475-479.
[6]Nakamura K.and Mueller G.Review of the performance of the artificial floating island as a restoration tool for aquatic environments[J].World environment and water resources congerss,2008 Ahupua’a.1-10.
[7]高宇,赵峰,庄平,等.长江口滨海湿地的保护利用与发展[J].科学,2015,67(4):39-42.
[8]高阳俊,阮仁良,孙从军,等.淀山湖千墩浦河口生态浮床试验工程净化效果[J].水资源保护,2011,27(6):28-31.
[9]赵峰,黄孝锋,张涛,等.利用人工飘浮湿地恢复长江口生物多样性研究初探[J].渔业信息与战略,2015,30(4):288-292.
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[11]姚东方,赵峰,高宇,等.浮床植物芦苇在长江口水域的生长特性及对氮、磷的固定能力[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(5):753-757.
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[29]Zhao B,Li B,Ma Z-J et al.Wise exploitation of newly growing land resources:an assessment on land-use change of Chongming Island using GIS[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2003,13(2):134-141.
[30]Ma Z-J,Gan X-J,Cai Y-T et al.Effects of exotic Spartina alterniflora on the habitat patch associations of breeding saltmarsh birds at Chongming Dongtan in the Yangtze River estuary,China[J].Biological Invasions,2011,13:1673-1686.
[31]Ma Z-J,Gan X-J,Choi C-Y et al.Effects of invasive cordgrass on presence of Marsh Grassbird in an area where it is not native[J].Conservation Biology,2014,28(1):150-158.
[32]上海市人民政府发展研究中心课题组.上海市“十三五”规划基本思路研究[J].科学发展,2015,76(3):28-48.
[33]曾刚,曹贤忠,马双.基于全球城市建设目标的上海滨海地带规划研究[J].上海城市规划,2015,(1):10-14.
[34]陈家宽,雷光春,王学雷.长江中下游湿地自然保护区—有效管理十佳案例分析[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2010.
[35]陈家宽.上海九段沙湿地自然保护区科学考察集[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[36]高慧,彭筱葳,李博,等.互花米草入侵九段沙河口湿地对当地昆虫多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,2006,14(5):400-409.
[37]刘钰,李秀珍,闫中正,等.长江口九段沙盐沼湿地芦苇和互花米草生物量及碳储量[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(8):2129-2134.
[38]贾建伟,王磊,唐玉姝,等.九段沙不同演替阶段湿地土壤微生物呼吸的差异性及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2010,30(17):4529-4538.
[39]Ma Z-J,Melville D S,Liu J-G et al.Rethinking China’s new great wall[J].Science,2014,346:912-914.
[40]关道明,阿东.全国海洋功能区划[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[41]王紫.湿地自然保护区环境解说展示设计研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2015.
[42]李胜男,崔丽娟,赵欣胜,等.湿地水环境生态恢复及研究展望[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(2):1-5.
[43]沈焕庭,林卫青.上海长江口水源地环境分析与战略选择[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2015.
[44]俞孔坚,许涛,李迪华,等.城市水系统弹性研究进展[J].城市规划学刊,2015,(1):75-83.
[45]俞孔坚.城市景观作为生命系统——2010年上海世博后滩公园[J].建筑学报,2010,(7):30-35.
[46]Peng H-B,Hua N,Choi C-Y et al.Adjusting migration schedules at stopping sites:Time strategy of a long-distance migratory shorebird during northward migration[J].Journal of Ornithology,2014,156(1):191-199.
[47]李俊清.保护生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[48]朱耿平,刘国卿,卜文俊,等.生态位模型的基本原理及其在生物多样性保护中的应用[J].生物多样性,2013,21(1):90-98.
[49]程和琴,塔娜,周莹,等.海平面上升背景下上海市长江口水源地供水安全风险评估及对策[J].气候变化研究进展,2015,11(4):263-269.
[50]刘晶,牛俊英,邹业爱,等.上海浦东东滩鸟类栖息地生态修复区的水鸟群落变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(2):219-226.
[51]Grayson J E,Chapman M G,Underwood A J.The assessment of restoration of habitat in urban wetlands[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1999,43(4):227-236.
[52]Mitsch W J,Gosselink J G.The value of wetlands:importance of scale and landscape setting[J].Ecological economics,2000,35(1):25-33.
[2]Zhao B,Kreeuter U,Li B,et al.An ecosystem service value assessment of landuse change on Chongming Island,China[J].Land Use Policy,2004,21:139-148.
[3]陈吉余.开发浅海滩涂资源拓展我国的生存空间[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(3):27-31.
[4]谢一民.上海湿地[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004.
[5]高宇,赵斌.上海崇明东滩人类围垦活动对滩涂发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8):475-479.
[6]Nakamura K.and Mueller G.Review of the performance of the artificial floating island as a restoration tool for aquatic environments[J].World environment and water resources congerss,2008 Ahupua’a.1-10.
[7]高宇,赵峰,庄平,等.长江口滨海湿地的保护利用与发展[J].科学,2015,67(4):39-42.
[8]高阳俊,阮仁良,孙从军,等.淀山湖千墩浦河口生态浮床试验工程净化效果[J].水资源保护,2011,27(6):28-31.
[9]赵峰,黄孝锋,张涛,等.利用人工飘浮湿地恢复长江口生物多样性研究初探[J].渔业信息与战略,2015,30(4):288-292.
[10]庄平.长江口生境与水生动物资源[J].科学,2012,64(2):19-24.
[11]姚东方,赵峰,高宇,等.浮床植物芦苇在长江口水域的生长特性及对氮、磷的固定能力[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(5):753-757.
[12]徐竟成,顾馨,李光明,等.城市景观水体水景效应与水质保育的协同途径[J].中国园林,2015,31(5):67-70.
[13]Zhao B,Li B,Zhong Y,Nakagoshi N,et al.Estimation of ecological service values of wetland in Shanghai,China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2005,15:1-6.
[14]Costanza R,Darge R,Degroot R et al.The valuation of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387:253-260.
[15]Costanza R.Introduction:special section:from on valuation of ecosystem services the value of ecosystem services[J].Ecological economics,1998,25(2):1-2.
[16]高宇,赵斌.上海湿地生态系统的效益分析[J].世界科技研究与发展,2006,28(8):58-64.
[17]高宇,何美梅,赵斌.上海湿地建设与发展总体目标[J].上海建设科技,2006,(4):28-32.
[18]庄平.河口水生生物多样性与可持续发展[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2008.
[19]汪松年,徐耀飞,苏德源,等.上海地区长江口、杭州湾滩涂湿地利用和保护动态平衡的设想(上)[J].上海建设科技,2006,(6):18-20.
[20]徐宏发,赵云龙.上海市崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区科学考察集[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2005.
[21]陈吉余,陈沈良.长江口生态环境变化及对河口治理的意见[J].水利水电技术,2003,34(1):19-25.
[22]洪浩,寿子琪.中国2010年上海世博会科学技术报告[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2010.
[23]陈计伟,王聪,张饮江.上海世博园后滩公园湿地景观设计[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(16):42-46.
[24]蔡友铭.上海湿地[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2014.
[25]马涛,马彩华.上海湿地碳汇:挑战与应对[J].湿地科学与管理,2011,07(2):63-65.
[26]Lin W-P,Chen G-S,Guo P-P et al.Remote-sensed monitoring of dominant plant species distribution and dynamics at Jiuduansha wetland in Shanghai,China[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7(8):10227-10241.
[27]高宇,王卿,何美梅,等.滩涂作业对上海崇明东滩自然保护区的影响评价[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3752-3760.
[28]Tian B,Zhou Y-X,Thom R-M et al.Detecting wetland changes in Shanghai,China using FORMOSAT and Landsat TM imagery[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,529:1-10.
[29]Zhao B,Li B,Ma Z-J et al.Wise exploitation of newly growing land resources:an assessment on land-use change of Chongming Island using GIS[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2003,13(2):134-141.
[30]Ma Z-J,Gan X-J,Cai Y-T et al.Effects of exotic Spartina alterniflora on the habitat patch associations of breeding saltmarsh birds at Chongming Dongtan in the Yangtze River estuary,China[J].Biological Invasions,2011,13:1673-1686.
[31]Ma Z-J,Gan X-J,Choi C-Y et al.Effects of invasive cordgrass on presence of Marsh Grassbird in an area where it is not native[J].Conservation Biology,2014,28(1):150-158.
[32]上海市人民政府发展研究中心课题组.上海市“十三五”规划基本思路研究[J].科学发展,2015,76(3):28-48.
[33]曾刚,曹贤忠,马双.基于全球城市建设目标的上海滨海地带规划研究[J].上海城市规划,2015,(1):10-14.
[34]陈家宽,雷光春,王学雷.长江中下游湿地自然保护区—有效管理十佳案例分析[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2010.
[35]陈家宽.上海九段沙湿地自然保护区科学考察集[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[36]高慧,彭筱葳,李博,等.互花米草入侵九段沙河口湿地对当地昆虫多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,2006,14(5):400-409.
[37]刘钰,李秀珍,闫中正,等.长江口九段沙盐沼湿地芦苇和互花米草生物量及碳储量[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(8):2129-2134.
[38]贾建伟,王磊,唐玉姝,等.九段沙不同演替阶段湿地土壤微生物呼吸的差异性及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2010,30(17):4529-4538.
[39]Ma Z-J,Melville D S,Liu J-G et al.Rethinking China’s new great wall[J].Science,2014,346:912-914.
[40]关道明,阿东.全国海洋功能区划[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[41]王紫.湿地自然保护区环境解说展示设计研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2015.
[42]李胜男,崔丽娟,赵欣胜,等.湿地水环境生态恢复及研究展望[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(2):1-5.
[43]沈焕庭,林卫青.上海长江口水源地环境分析与战略选择[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2015.
[44]俞孔坚,许涛,李迪华,等.城市水系统弹性研究进展[J].城市规划学刊,2015,(1):75-83.
[45]俞孔坚.城市景观作为生命系统——2010年上海世博后滩公园[J].建筑学报,2010,(7):30-35.
[46]Peng H-B,Hua N,Choi C-Y et al.Adjusting migration schedules at stopping sites:Time strategy of a long-distance migratory shorebird during northward migration[J].Journal of Ornithology,2014,156(1):191-199.
[47]李俊清.保护生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[48]朱耿平,刘国卿,卜文俊,等.生态位模型的基本原理及其在生物多样性保护中的应用[J].生物多样性,2013,21(1):90-98.
[49]程和琴,塔娜,周莹,等.海平面上升背景下上海市长江口水源地供水安全风险评估及对策[J].气候变化研究进展,2015,11(4):263-269.
[50]刘晶,牛俊英,邹业爱,等.上海浦东东滩鸟类栖息地生态修复区的水鸟群落变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(2):219-226.
[51]Grayson J E,Chapman M G,Underwood A J.The assessment of restoration of habitat in urban wetlands[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1999,43(4):227-236.
[52]Mitsch W J,Gosselink J G.The value of wetlands:importance of scale and landscape setting[J].Ecological economics,2000,35(1):25-33.