京西青白口系下马岭组沉积相及页岩气地质条件分析
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摘要
沉积相作为反映沉积环境及其演化特征等地质信息的重要载体,通过对有机地化特征进行评价,可为该组页岩气的地质条件评价提供基础数据。以野外实测剖面和室内实验为研究方法,对北京西山(简称京西)下苇甸地区青白口系下马岭组所采的15件细粒沉积岩样品进行岩石学、地球化学特征及沉积相研究,并对下马岭组的页岩气地质条件进行了评价。结果表明,研究区下马岭组中上部以灰黑色–黑色泥岩为主,其有机质含量较高,沉积厚度大,热演化程度为高–过成熟阶段,脆性指数较高,另一方面,结合区内的岩相以及沉积相特征,得出下马岭组的沉积模式为:陆源碎屑浅海沉积模式。其中,浅海陆棚亚相是有机质聚集的良好场所,表明下马岭组具有良好的生烃潜力。研究成果为今后燕山地区该组的沉积环境演化及对比提供基础资料。
Sedimentary facies, as an important carrier for reflecting the sedimentary environment and its evolution characteristics and other geological information, is of great significance for its research. In addition, the evaluation of the characteristics of organic geochemistry can provide basic data for the evaluation of the geological conditions of the formation of shale gas. Based on the field survey profile and indoor geochemical experiments, 15 petrified sedimentary rock samples collected from Xiamaling Formation of Qingbaikouan System in Xiaweidian area of Western Beijing were studied for petrology, geochemistry, and sedimentary facies. Shale gas geological conditions were evaluated. The results show that the upper part of the Xiamaling Formation in the study area is dominated by gray black-black mudstone, with high organic matter content, large sedimentary thickness, high degree of thermal evolution in the over-mature stage, and a high brittleness index. On the other hand, from the perspective of lithology and sedimentary characteristics, we summarized the lithofacies and sedimentary facies characteristics of the study area, and concluded that the sedimentary model of the Xiamaling Formation is a shallow-marine sedimentary system. Among them, the shallow sea shelf subfacies was a good place for the accumulation of organic matter. It provides research data for the evolution and comparison of the sedimentary environment of Yanshan area in the future. And this group has ideal geological conditions for shale gas.
Sedimentary facies, as an important carrier for reflecting the sedimentary environment and its evolution characteristics and other geological information, is of great significance for its research. In addition, the evaluation of the characteristics of organic geochemistry can provide basic data for the evaluation of the geological conditions of the formation of shale gas. Based on the field survey profile and indoor geochemical experiments, 15 petrified sedimentary rock samples collected from Xiamaling Formation of Qingbaikouan System in Xiaweidian area of Western Beijing were studied for petrology, geochemistry, and sedimentary facies. Shale gas geological conditions were evaluated. The results show that the upper part of the Xiamaling Formation in the study area is dominated by gray black-black mudstone, with high organic matter content, large sedimentary thickness, high degree of thermal evolution in the over-mature stage, and a high brittleness index. On the other hand, from the perspective of lithology and sedimentary characteristics, we summarized the lithofacies and sedimentary facies characteristics of the study area, and concluded that the sedimentary model of the Xiamaling Formation is a shallow-marine sedimentary system. Among them, the shallow sea shelf subfacies was a good place for the accumulation of organic matter. It provides research data for the evolution and comparison of the sedimentary environment of Yanshan area in the future. And this group has ideal geological conditions for shale gas.
引文
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[16]张顺,陈世悦,鄢继华.东营凹陷西部沙三下亚段–沙四上亚段泥页岩岩相及储层特征[J].天然气地球科学,26(2):320–332.ZHANG Shun,CHEN Shiyue,YAN Jihua.Characteristics of shale lithofacies and reservoir space in the 3rd and 4th Members of Shahejie Formation,the west of Dongying sag[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,26(2):320–332.
[17]庞雄奇.排烃门限控油气理论及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:1–147.
[18]夏新宇,洪峰,赵林.烃源岩生烃潜力的恢复探讨—以鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩为例[J].石油与天然气地质,19(4):307–312.XIA Xinyu,HONG Feng,ZHAO Lin.Restoration on generating-hydrocarbon potentiality of source rocks:A case of Lower Ordovician carbonates in Ordos basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,19(4):307–312.
[19]蒋裕强,董大忠,漆麟.页岩气储层的基本特征及其评价[J].地质勘探,2010,30(10):7–12.JIANG Yuqiang,DONG Dazhong,QI Lin.Basic features and evaluation and shale gas reservoirs[J].Geology and Exploration,2010,30(10):7–12.
[20]THOMPSON C L,WOODS R A.Microspectro fluorecence measurement of coals and petroleum source rocks[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,1987,7(1):85–104.
[21]方杰,刘宝泉,金凤鸣.华北北部中、上元古界生烃潜力与勘探前景分析[J].石油学报,2002,23(4):18–23.FANG Jie,LIU Baoquan,JIN Fengming.Hydrocarbon generation potential and exploration prospects of the Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(4):18–23.
[22]田继军,姜在兴.东营凹陷沙河街组四段上亚段层序地层特征与沉积体系演化[J].地质学报,2009,83(6):836–846.TINA Jijun,JIANG Zaixing.Sequence stratigraphy characteristics and sedimentary system evolution of Upper Es4 in the Dongying depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,83(6):836–846.
[23]张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109–114.ZHANG Jinchuan,JIANG Shengling,TANG Xuan,et al.Accumulation types and resources characteristics of shale gas in Chian[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(12):109–114.
[24]吴先文,吴翔,廖文魁,等.秭归盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩矿物组成与脆性分析[J].资源环境与工程,2017,31(5):554–557.WU Xianwen,WU Xiang,LIAO Wenkui,et al.Shale mineral composition and brittleness analysis of Longmaxi Formation in Zigui basin and its surrouding area[J].Resources Environment&Engineering,2017,31(5):554–557.
[25]李钜源.东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成与脆度分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):616–620.LI Juyuan.Analysis on mineral components and frangibility of shales in Dongying depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,31(4):616–620.
[26]苏文博,李志明,史晓颖,等.华南五峰组–龙马溪组与华北下马岭组的钾质斑脱岩及黑色岩系—两个地史转折期板块构造运动的沉积响应[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):82–95.SU Wenbo,LI Zhiming,SHI Xiaoying,et al.K–bentonites and black shales from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation(Early Paleozoic,south China)and Xiamaling Formation(Early Neoproterozoic,north China):Implications for tectonic processes during two important transitions[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(6):82–95.
[27]GUO Tiankui,ZHANG Shicheng,GE Hongkui,et al.A new method for evaluation of fracture network formation capacity of rock[J].Fuel,2015:778–787.
[2]张大伟.加速我国页岩气资源调查和勘探开发战略构想[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2):135–136.ZHANG Dawei.Stratagic concepts of accelerating the survey,exploration and exploitation of shale gas resource in China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(2):135–136.
[3]王铁冠,韩克猷.论中—新元古界的原生油气资源[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):1–7.WANG Tieguan,HAN Keyou.On Meso–Neoproterozoic primary petroleum resources[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):1–7.
[4]刘清俊,柯柏林,林海亮,等.北京地区中元古界下马岭组页岩气形成条件[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(2):92–97.LIU Qingjun,KE Bailin,LIN Hailiang,et al.Forming conditions and characteristics of the shale gas within the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation,Beijing area[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2014,33(2):92–97.
[5]王立峰,李不惑.冀西北下马岭组沉积层序分析及生油层[J].岩相古地理,1993,13(4):38–45.WANG Lifeng,LI Buhuo.Sedimentary sequence analysis and reservoir of Xiamaling Formation,northwestern Hebei Province[J].Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,1993,13(4):38–45.
[6]罗顺社,吕奇奇,尚飞.宣龙坳陷新元古界下马岭组沉积相特征研究[J].断块油气田,2011,18(1):26–29.LUO Shunshe,LYU Qiqi,SHANG Fei.Characteristics of sedimentary facies of Neoproterozoic Formation Xiamaling Formation reservoir in Xuanlong depression[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2011,18(1):26–29.
[7]周洪瑞,梅冥相,罗志清.燕山地区新元古界青白口系沉积沉积层序与地层格架研究[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):280–290.ZHOU Hongrui,MEI Mingxiang,LUO Zhiqing.Sedimentary sequence and stratigraphic framework of the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikou System in the Yanshan region,North China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(6):280–290.
[8]黄学光.燕山中、新元古代沉积盆地构造演化[J].地质调查与研究,2006,29(4):263–270.HUANG Xueguang.Tectonic evolution of the Meso-Neoproterozoic sedimentary basin in Yanshan Range[J].Geological Survey and Research,2006,29(4):263–270.
[9]鲍亦刚,刘振锋,王世发.北京西山百年地质研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.
[10]张驰,李建安,焦杰伟,等.北京西山下苇甸地区青白口系长龙山组沉积相及层序地层研究[J].古地理学报,2017,19(6):955–964.ZHANG Chi,LI Jian’an,JIAO Jiewei,et al.A study of sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphy of the Changlongshan Formation(Qingbaikou)in the Xiaweidian area,West Mountain of Beijing[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2017,19(6):955–964.
[11]陈小军,罗顺社,李家华.宣龙坳陷青白口系长龙山组碎屑岩地球化学特征[J].断块油气田,2011,38(6):1477–1484.CHEN Xiaojun,LUO Shunshe,LI Jiahua.Study on sedimentary facies and geochemical features of Changlongshan Formation in Jibei depression[J].Fault–Block Oil&Gas Field,2011,38(6):1477–1484.
[12]北京市地质矿产局.北京市区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[13]SCOTT L M,DANIEL M J,KENT A B,et al.Mississippian Barnett shale,Fort Worth basin,north-central Texas:Gas-shale play with multi-trillion cubic foot potential[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(2):155–175.
[14]郭岭,姜在兴,姜文利.页岩气储层的形成条件与储层的地质研究内容[J].地质通报,2011,30(2/3):385–392.GUO Ling,JIANG Zaixing,JIANG Wenli.Formation condition of gas-bearing shale reservoir and its geological research target[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(2/3):385–392.
[15]吴靖,姜在兴,梁超.东营凹陷沙河街组四段上亚段细粒沉积岩岩相特征及与沉积环境的关系[J].石油学报,2017,38(10):1110–1122.WU Jing,JIANG Zaixing,LIANG Chao.Lithofacies characteristic of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the Upper Submember of Member 4 of Shahejie Formation,Dongying sag and their relationship with sedimentary environment[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(10):1110–1122.
[16]张顺,陈世悦,鄢继华.东营凹陷西部沙三下亚段–沙四上亚段泥页岩岩相及储层特征[J].天然气地球科学,26(2):320–332.ZHANG Shun,CHEN Shiyue,YAN Jihua.Characteristics of shale lithofacies and reservoir space in the 3rd and 4th Members of Shahejie Formation,the west of Dongying sag[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,26(2):320–332.
[17]庞雄奇.排烃门限控油气理论及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:1–147.
[18]夏新宇,洪峰,赵林.烃源岩生烃潜力的恢复探讨—以鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩为例[J].石油与天然气地质,19(4):307–312.XIA Xinyu,HONG Feng,ZHAO Lin.Restoration on generating-hydrocarbon potentiality of source rocks:A case of Lower Ordovician carbonates in Ordos basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,19(4):307–312.
[19]蒋裕强,董大忠,漆麟.页岩气储层的基本特征及其评价[J].地质勘探,2010,30(10):7–12.JIANG Yuqiang,DONG Dazhong,QI Lin.Basic features and evaluation and shale gas reservoirs[J].Geology and Exploration,2010,30(10):7–12.
[20]THOMPSON C L,WOODS R A.Microspectro fluorecence measurement of coals and petroleum source rocks[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,1987,7(1):85–104.
[21]方杰,刘宝泉,金凤鸣.华北北部中、上元古界生烃潜力与勘探前景分析[J].石油学报,2002,23(4):18–23.FANG Jie,LIU Baoquan,JIN Fengming.Hydrocarbon generation potential and exploration prospects of the Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(4):18–23.
[22]田继军,姜在兴.东营凹陷沙河街组四段上亚段层序地层特征与沉积体系演化[J].地质学报,2009,83(6):836–846.TINA Jijun,JIANG Zaixing.Sequence stratigraphy characteristics and sedimentary system evolution of Upper Es4 in the Dongying depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,83(6):836–846.
[23]张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109–114.ZHANG Jinchuan,JIANG Shengling,TANG Xuan,et al.Accumulation types and resources characteristics of shale gas in Chian[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(12):109–114.
[24]吴先文,吴翔,廖文魁,等.秭归盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩矿物组成与脆性分析[J].资源环境与工程,2017,31(5):554–557.WU Xianwen,WU Xiang,LIAO Wenkui,et al.Shale mineral composition and brittleness analysis of Longmaxi Formation in Zigui basin and its surrouding area[J].Resources Environment&Engineering,2017,31(5):554–557.
[25]李钜源.东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成与脆度分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):616–620.LI Juyuan.Analysis on mineral components and frangibility of shales in Dongying depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,31(4):616–620.
[26]苏文博,李志明,史晓颖,等.华南五峰组–龙马溪组与华北下马岭组的钾质斑脱岩及黑色岩系—两个地史转折期板块构造运动的沉积响应[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):82–95.SU Wenbo,LI Zhiming,SHI Xiaoying,et al.K–bentonites and black shales from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation(Early Paleozoic,south China)and Xiamaling Formation(Early Neoproterozoic,north China):Implications for tectonic processes during two important transitions[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(6):82–95.
[27]GUO Tiankui,ZHANG Shicheng,GE Hongkui,et al.A new method for evaluation of fracture network formation capacity of rock[J].Fuel,2015:778–787.