西藏雄巴地区中新世雄巴组砂岩地球化学特征及对物源区、构造背景的指示
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摘要
雄巴地区位于阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅构造-火山成矿带冈底斯硼矿成矿远景区,中新世经喜山运动二幕形成杂色火山岩和碎屑沉积岩交互的一套地层。本文对雄巴地区雄巴组碎屑岩元素地球化学特征进行研究。研究发现,雄巴地区雄巴组碎屑岩碎屑颗粒呈棱角、次棱角状,具有近源沉积特征。碎屑砂岩具有中等SiO_2、K_2O,高Na_2O,低TFe_2O_3、MgO的特点,说明源岩主要为长英质岩石。样品化学蚀变指数(CIA)平均为57.41,化学风化指数(CIW)平均为66.81,中等偏高,表明源区源岩经历了低-中等程度的风化。稀土元素配分图及痕量元素蛛网图显示轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,负Eu异常[(La/Sm)N平均为4.28、(La/Yb)N平均为27.30、∑LREE/∑HREE平均为8.25、(Gd/Yb)N平均为2.89、Eu/Eu*平均值为0.69]。研究区沉积构造背景为活动大陆边缘,偶有样品偏向岛弧环境和被动大陆边缘;主要物源为上地壳英安岩型、长英质火成物源区,有极少安山质岩石和古老上地壳物质混入。根据雄巴地区区域地质背景资料,结合前人研究成果,本论文认为雄巴组碎屑砂岩原始物源区主要是雄巴盆地西北方向的火山机构分布带,同时论证了研究区中新世所经历的构造-火山-沉积环境特点,综合信息显示研究区是有利硼矿成矿远景区。
The Xungba Basin,located in the Gangdese boron-bearing mineralization region of the AlpineHimalayan tectonic-volcanic metallogenic belt,contains a set of variegated volcanic rocks and clastic sedimentary rocks resulting from the second play of the Himalayan movement in the Miocene.This study carried out element geochemical analysis for clastic sedimentary rocks of the Xungba Formation.The results show that clastic sedimentary rocks of the Xungba Formation occur as angular to sub-angular,indicating aproximal deposition.The clastic sedimentary rocks are characterized by medium SiO_2,high Na_2O,and low TFe_2O_3 and MaO,indicating they are felsic rocks in source rocks.The Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA)is 57.41 in average,and Chemical Index of Weathering(CIW)is high around 66.81,illustrating source rocks underwent weak to middle degree of chemical weathering.Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and trace elements spider diagrams display LREE-rich but HREE-depletion,with Eu negative anomaly,an average(La/Sm)N of 4.28、(La/Yb)Nof around 27.3,∑LREE/∑HREE of 8.25,(Gd/Yb)Nof 2.89 and Eu/Eu*of 0.69.Our study indicates that sedimentary structure occurs in an active continental margin with several samples found likely in island-arc environment and passive continental margin.The rocks derived mainly from felsic igneous rocks of upper crust,with a minor addition of andesitic rocks and ancient crustal material.Based on the regional geological background and previous research result,this study suggests that the source rocks of the Xiongba Formation clastic sandstone were distributed mainly around the volcanic edifice zonation in northwest of the Xungba Basin,and confirms that the study area is also characterized by tectonic-volcanic sedimentary setting.Therefore,the comprehensive information reveals that the study area is a favorable metallogenic prospect area.
The Xungba Basin,located in the Gangdese boron-bearing mineralization region of the AlpineHimalayan tectonic-volcanic metallogenic belt,contains a set of variegated volcanic rocks and clastic sedimentary rocks resulting from the second play of the Himalayan movement in the Miocene.This study carried out element geochemical analysis for clastic sedimentary rocks of the Xungba Formation.The results show that clastic sedimentary rocks of the Xungba Formation occur as angular to sub-angular,indicating aproximal deposition.The clastic sedimentary rocks are characterized by medium SiO_2,high Na_2O,and low TFe_2O_3 and MaO,indicating they are felsic rocks in source rocks.The Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA)is 57.41 in average,and Chemical Index of Weathering(CIW)is high around 66.81,illustrating source rocks underwent weak to middle degree of chemical weathering.Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and trace elements spider diagrams display LREE-rich but HREE-depletion,with Eu negative anomaly,an average(La/Sm)N of 4.28、(La/Yb)Nof around 27.3,∑LREE/∑HREE of 8.25,(Gd/Yb)Nof 2.89 and Eu/Eu*of 0.69.Our study indicates that sedimentary structure occurs in an active continental margin with several samples found likely in island-arc environment and passive continental margin.The rocks derived mainly from felsic igneous rocks of upper crust,with a minor addition of andesitic rocks and ancient crustal material.Based on the regional geological background and previous research result,this study suggests that the source rocks of the Xiongba Formation clastic sandstone were distributed mainly around the volcanic edifice zonation in northwest of the Xungba Basin,and confirms that the study area is also characterized by tectonic-volcanic sedimentary setting.Therefore,the comprehensive information reveals that the study area is a favorable metallogenic prospect area.
引文
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Gengtao.2007.The achievements of 1∶1000000regional gravity survey in Shiquanhe-Kangxiwa area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In Chinese with English abstract.Geophysical&geochemical exploration.31(5):391~398.
Gu X X,Liu J M,Zheng M H,Tang J X,Qi L.2002.Provenance and tectonic setting of the proterozoic turbidites in Hunan,south China:geochemical evidence.Journal of Sedimentary Research,72(3):393~407.
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Jiang Xi,Zhao Zhidan,Zhu Dicheng,Zhang Fengqin,Dong Guochen,Mo Xuexuan,Guo Tieying.2010.Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic geochemistry of Jiangba,Bangba,and Xiongba granitoids in western Gangdese,Tibet.In Chinese with English abstract.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(7):2155~2164.
Li Guangming,Pan Guitang.2002a.Mineral resources in Tibet Autonomous Region and its developmental prospect.In Chinese with English abstract.Resources Science,24(4):16~22.
Li Guangming,Wang Gaoming,Gao Dafa,Huang Zhiying,Yao Peng.2002b.The tectonic framework and metallogenic systems in southern Gangdise metallogenic belt,Xizang.In Chinese with English abstract.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,22(2):1~7.
Li Guangming,Pan Guitang,Wang Gaoming,Huang Zhiying,Gao Dafa.2004.Evaluation and prospecting value of mineral resources in Gangdise metallogenic belt,Tibet,China.In Chinese with English abstract.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),31(1):22~27.
Liu Dong,Zhao Zhidan,Zhu Dicheng,Wang Qing,Sui Qinglin,Liu Yongsheng,HuZhaochu.2011.The petrogenesis of postcollisional potassic-ultrapotassic rocks in Xungba basin,western Lhasa Terrane:Constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronogy and geochemistry.In Chinese with English abstract.Acta Petrologyica Sinica,27(7):2045~2059.
Liu Xifang,Zheng Mianping.2010.Geological features and metallogenic mechanism of the Nieer Co magnesium borate deposit,Tibet.In Chinese with English abstract.Acta Geologica Sinica,84(11):1602~1612.
Luc Harnois.1988.The CIW index:a new chemical index of weathering.Sedimentary Geology,55:319~322.
Luo Shunshe,Chen Xiaojun,Li Renyuan,Zhang Jiankun.2011.Geochemical behaviors of the Wumishan Formation in the Jibei Depression of Yanshan region.In Chinese with English abstract.Oil&Gas Geology,32(1):17~28.
McDonough W F,Sun S S.1995.The composition of the earth.ChemGeol.120:339~342.
McLennan S M,Taylor S R,Kroner A.1983.Geochemical evolution of Archean shales from South Africa.The Swaziland and Pongola Supergroups.Precambrian Research,22:93~124.
Nesbitt H W,Young G M.1982.Early Proterozoic Climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites.Nature,299(21):715~717.
Perri F.2013.Composition,provenance and source weathering of Mesozoic sandstones from Western-Central Mediterranean Alpine Chains.Journal of African Earth Sciences.91:32~43.
Roser B P,Korsch R J.1988.Provenance signature of sandstonemudstone suites determined using discriminant function analysis of major-element data.Chemical Geology,67:119~139.
Schwab F L.1975.Framework mineralogy and chemical composition of continental margin-type sandstone.Geological society of America.3:486~490.
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