基于离散单元法的荞麦播种机排种器设计与试验
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摘要
为优化荞麦播种机外槽轮式排种器的最佳排种性能参数,满足3种典型荞麦种子的农艺要求,降低田间试验强度,采用球颗粒聚合法建立3种典型荞麦种子的EDEM仿真分析模型,通过试验测量计算3种荞麦种子在不同接触形式下的刚度系数和阻尼系数,基于离散单元法对荞麦播种机排种器进行数值模拟.采用L_4(2~3)正交试验法进行排种器工作过程模拟,研究不同转速、凹槽半径和槽数对排种器排量的影响.仿真试验结果表明:凹槽半径为3×10~(-3) m,槽数为20,槽轮转速为58.58 r/min时,排种器能够满足3种荞麦种子的最大播量要求.台架试验结果表明:台架试验与仿真试验的排量相对误差2.93%～9.90%;荞麦排种器的排量随槽轮转速的增加而增加,总体线性度相关系数R~2>0.98.
In order to optimize the optimum seed metering performance parameters of the external grooves seed metering device of the buckwheat sowing machine, and to meet the agronomic requirements of three kinds of typical buckwheat seeds, EDEM simulation analysis models of three typical buckwheat seeds were established by ball pellet polymerization, and the stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients of the three kinds of buckwheat seeds were tested under different contact forms. Numerical simulation of the precision seed metering device for buckwheat seeder was carried out based on the discrete element method. The L_4(2~3) orthogonal test method was used in the simulation of the seed metering device working process to study the effect of different speed, groove radius and slot number on the seed rate of the metering device. The simulation results showed that the seed metering device could meet the maximum demand for the seed of three kinds of buckwheat seeds when the radius of the groove was 3×10~(-3) m, the number of grooves was 20, and the rotation speed of the grooves was 58.58 r/min. The result of a bench test showed that the relative error of the buckwheat bench test and the simulation test was 2.93%～9.90%; the seed rate of the buckwheat seed metering device increased with the speed of the slot wheel, and the correlation coefficient of the overall linearity R~2 was over 0.98.
In order to optimize the optimum seed metering performance parameters of the external grooves seed metering device of the buckwheat sowing machine, and to meet the agronomic requirements of three kinds of typical buckwheat seeds, EDEM simulation analysis models of three typical buckwheat seeds were established by ball pellet polymerization, and the stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients of the three kinds of buckwheat seeds were tested under different contact forms. Numerical simulation of the precision seed metering device for buckwheat seeder was carried out based on the discrete element method. The L_4(2~3) orthogonal test method was used in the simulation of the seed metering device working process to study the effect of different speed, groove radius and slot number on the seed rate of the metering device. The simulation results showed that the seed metering device could meet the maximum demand for the seed of three kinds of buckwheat seeds when the radius of the groove was 3×10~(-3) m, the number of grooves was 20, and the rotation speed of the grooves was 58.58 r/min. The result of a bench test showed that the relative error of the buckwheat bench test and the simulation test was 2.93%～9.90%; the seed rate of the buckwheat seed metering device increased with the speed of the slot wheel, and the correlation coefficient of the overall linearity R~2 was over 0.98.
引文
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[15] 邹振宇, 叶进, 杨仕, 等. 新型烟苗剪叶机设计研究 [J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 41(4): 101-108.
[2] 李政权, 于建群, 张尉林, 等. 内充式排种器工作过程和性能的离散元法仿真分析 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(11): 32-36.
[3] 李心平, 熊师, 杜哲, 等. 浮动式玉米单穗脱粒装置设计与试验 [J]. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48(7): 104-111.
[4] ZHOU H B, CHEN Y, SADEK M A. Modelling of Soil-Seed Contact Using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) [J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2014, 121: 56-66.
[5] 周海波, 梁秋艳, 魏天路, 等. 双级振动精密排种器外槽轮式定量供种装置设计与试验 [J]. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47(增刊): 57-61, 83.
[6] BERTRAND F, LECLAIRE L A, LEVECQUE G. DEM-Based Models for the Mixing of Granular Materials [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2005, 60(8-9): 2517-2531.
[7] 张涛, 刘飞, 刘月琴, 等. 离散元模拟外槽轮排肥器排量分析 [J]. 农机化研究, 2015(9): 198-201.
[8] ROMULI S, KARAJ S, MOLLER J. Discrete Element Method Simulation of the Hulling Process of Jatropha Curcas L. Fruits [J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2017, 155: 55-67.
[9] 于建群, 钱立彬, 于文静, 等. 开沟器工作阻力的离散元法仿真分析 [J]. 农业机械学报, 2009, 40(6): 53-57.
[10] 汪博涛. 基于离散单元法的外槽轮排肥器工作过程仿真与参数优化 [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2017.
[11] COETZEE C J, ELS D N J. Calibration of Discrete Element Parameters and the Modeling of Silo Discharge and Bucket Filling [J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2009, 65(2): 198-212.
[12] PASHA M, HARE C, GHADIRI M, et al. Effect of Particle Shape on Flow in Discrete Element Method Simulation of a Rotary Batch Seed Coater [J]. Powder Technology, 2016, 296: 29-36.
[13] CHEN Z R, YU J Q, XUE D M, et al. An Approach to and Validation of Maize-Seed-Assembly Modelling Based on the Discrete Element Method [J]. Powder Technology, 2018, 328: 167-183.
[14] 赵亚兰, 郭红兵. 运用离散元法的物料颗粒体流动特性与储料斗结构优化研究 [J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 32(9): 82-90.
[15] 邹振宇, 叶进, 杨仕, 等. 新型烟苗剪叶机设计研究 [J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 41(4): 101-108.