500～800km范围雷电流强度与磁场幅值的相关性研究
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摘要
为了能够通过雷电辐射场信号反演闪电强度,利用500～800 km范围的VLF磁场数据和定位资料,分析了远距离磁场数据的波形特征,并对雷电流强度与磁场幅值的相关性进行了研究。将磁场数据按照距离衰减规律归一化至650 km后,结果表明:远距离雷电流强度与磁场幅值之间基本满足线性关系;对于地波,需要考虑地球曲率引起的衰减;一次天波同时受电离层特性和地磁场的影响,会表现出方向上的差异性。另外,拟合结果的准确性还一定程度上取决于数据本身的分布情况,地波数据更加集中,所以结果也更加可靠。
In order to invert the lightning intensity through the lightning radiation field signal,the VLF magnetic field data and positioning data in the range of 500 ～800 km were used to analyze the waveform characteristics of long-range magnetic field data and investigate the correlation between the lightning current intensity and the magnetic field amplitude. After normalizing the magnetic field data to 650 km according to the distance attenuation law,the results show that the long-distance lightning current intensity and the magnetic field amplitude basically satisfies the linear correlation. For the groundwave,it is necessary to consider the attenuation caused by earth curvature. The results of the first skywave show differences in direction because of the effects of ionosphere and earth magnetic field. In addition,the accuracy of the fitting results depends on the distribution of the data to some extent,and the groundwave data is more concentrated,so the results are more reliable.
In order to invert the lightning intensity through the lightning radiation field signal,the VLF magnetic field data and positioning data in the range of 500 ～800 km were used to analyze the waveform characteristics of long-range magnetic field data and investigate the correlation between the lightning current intensity and the magnetic field amplitude. After normalizing the magnetic field data to 650 km according to the distance attenuation law,the results show that the long-distance lightning current intensity and the magnetic field amplitude basically satisfies the linear correlation. For the groundwave,it is necessary to consider the attenuation caused by earth curvature. The results of the first skywave show differences in direction because of the effects of ionosphere and earth magnetic field. In addition,the accuracy of the fitting results depends on the distribution of the data to some extent,and the groundwave data is more concentrated,so the results are more reliable.
引文
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[5]王烁,张其林,王磊,等.一种改进的远距离地闪回击电磁场计算方法[J].电波科学学报,2017,32(2):125-133WANG Shuo,ZHANG Qilin,WANG Lei,et al. An improved method for calculating electromagnetic field in long distance radiated from lighting return stroke[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2017,32(2):125-133
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[7]周宏辉,郑立,袁荣杰,等.基于不同的参数设置研究雷击高塔地闪回击电磁辐射场特性[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(5):149-154ZHOU Honghui,ZHENG Li,YUAN Rongjie,et al.Study on characteristics of electromagnetic radiation field in lightning strike tower based on different parameter settings[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(5):149-154
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[11] PAPPERT R A,FERGUSON J A. VLF/LF mode conversion model calculations for air to air transmission in the earth-ionosphere waveguide[J]. Radio Science,2016,21(4):551-558
[12] CUMMERS A. Modeling electromagnetic propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2000,48(9):1420-1429
[13] HUWenyi,CUMMER S A. An FDTD model for low and high altitude lightning-generated EM fields[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(5):1513-1522
[14]景弘,王思华.基于时域差分法的雷击回击通道周围空间电磁场研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(5):65-70JING Hong,WANG Sihua. Research of electromagnetic field around the lightning return-stroke channel based on FDTD method[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(5):65-70
[15]黄凯丽,张其林,陈隆,等.真实地形地貌对闪电定位系统的影响[J].电瓷避雷器,2018(6):121-128HUANGKaili,ZHANG Qilin,CHEN Long,et al. The influence of real topography on lightning location system[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2018(6):121-128
[16] UMAN M A. The lightning discharge[M]. New York:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,1987
[17] ZHANG Qilin,JI Tongtong,HOU Wenhao. Effect of frequency-dependent soil on the propagation of electromagnetic fields radiated by subsequent lightning strike to tall objects[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2015,57(1):112-120
[18] HOU Wenhao,ZHANG Qilin,ZHANG Jinbo,et al. A new approximate method for lightning-radiated ELF/VLF ground wave propagation over intermediate ranges[J].International Journal of Antennas and Propagation,2018,9353294:1-10.
[19] CHENG Zhenggang. Broadband VLF measurement of large/small scale D region ionospheric variabilities[D].Durham:Duke University,2006
[20] HAN Feng. Midlatitude D region variations measured from broadband radio atmospherics[D]. Durham:Duke University,2011
[21] LAY EH,SHAO Xuan min. High temporal and spatialresolution detection of D-layer fluctuations by using timedomain lightning waveforms[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics,2011,116,A01317:1-8.
[2] WAIT J R. Note on“the excitation of electromagnetic surface waves on a curved surface”[J]. Ire Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1960,8(4):445-448
[3] WAIT J R. Recent analytical investigations of electromagnetic ground wave propagation over inhomogeneous earth models[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1974,62(8):1061-1072
[4] SHAO X M,JACOBSON A R. Model simulation of very low-frequency and low-frequency lightning signal propagation over intermediate ranges[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2009,51(3):519-525
[5]王烁,张其林,王磊,等.一种改进的远距离地闪回击电磁场计算方法[J].电波科学学报,2017,32(2):125-133WANG Shuo,ZHANG Qilin,WANG Lei,et al. An improved method for calculating electromagnetic field in long distance radiated from lighting return stroke[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2017,32(2):125-133
[6]陈则煌,张云峰,周中山,等.加速电荷电磁场求解闪电通道辐射场[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(4):38-42CHENZehuang,ZHANG Yunfeng,ZHOU Zhongshan,et al. Solution of lightning radiated field based on accelerated charges[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(4):38-42
[7]周宏辉,郑立,袁荣杰,等.基于不同的参数设置研究雷击高塔地闪回击电磁辐射场特性[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(5):149-154ZHOU Honghui,ZHENG Li,YUAN Rongjie,et al.Study on characteristics of electromagnetic radiation field in lightning strike tower based on different parameter settings[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(5):149-154
[8] WAIT J R. On phase changes in very-low-frequency propagation induced by an ionospheric depression of finite extent[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1964,69(3):441-445
[9] WAIT J R. Reflection of VLF radio-waves at a junction in the earth ionosphere waveguide[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2002,34(1):4-8
[10] WAIT J R. EM scattering from a vertical column of ionization in the earth-ionosphere waveguide[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1991,39(7):1051-1054
[11] PAPPERT R A,FERGUSON J A. VLF/LF mode conversion model calculations for air to air transmission in the earth-ionosphere waveguide[J]. Radio Science,2016,21(4):551-558
[12] CUMMERS A. Modeling electromagnetic propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2000,48(9):1420-1429
[13] HUWenyi,CUMMER S A. An FDTD model for low and high altitude lightning-generated EM fields[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(5):1513-1522
[14]景弘,王思华.基于时域差分法的雷击回击通道周围空间电磁场研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(5):65-70JING Hong,WANG Sihua. Research of electromagnetic field around the lightning return-stroke channel based on FDTD method[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(5):65-70
[15]黄凯丽,张其林,陈隆,等.真实地形地貌对闪电定位系统的影响[J].电瓷避雷器,2018(6):121-128HUANGKaili,ZHANG Qilin,CHEN Long,et al. The influence of real topography on lightning location system[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2018(6):121-128
[16] UMAN M A. The lightning discharge[M]. New York:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,1987
[17] ZHANG Qilin,JI Tongtong,HOU Wenhao. Effect of frequency-dependent soil on the propagation of electromagnetic fields radiated by subsequent lightning strike to tall objects[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2015,57(1):112-120
[18] HOU Wenhao,ZHANG Qilin,ZHANG Jinbo,et al. A new approximate method for lightning-radiated ELF/VLF ground wave propagation over intermediate ranges[J].International Journal of Antennas and Propagation,2018,9353294:1-10.
[19] CHENG Zhenggang. Broadband VLF measurement of large/small scale D region ionospheric variabilities[D].Durham:Duke University,2006
[20] HAN Feng. Midlatitude D region variations measured from broadband radio atmospherics[D]. Durham:Duke University,2011
[21] LAY EH,SHAO Xuan min. High temporal and spatialresolution detection of D-layer fluctuations by using timedomain lightning waveforms[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics,2011,116,A01317:1-8.