超声波作用下动态闪蒸制备冰浆
|
摘要
本文基于闪蒸理论,设计了一套超声波作用下动态闪蒸制备冰浆的实验装置。研究同一真空度下不同超声波功率、喷射体积流量及不同质量浓度的乙醇添加对冰浆真空动态闪蒸特性的影响。结果表明:与无超声波作用相比,超声波对增大水的闪蒸强度作用明显;体积流量一定时,降温降压速率随超声波功率的增大而增大,较高的超声功率有助于增强水的闪蒸强度,有利于动态制冰;而同一超声功率下随着体积流量的增大最终平衡压力也越高。较大体积流量不利于闪蒸的持续进行;乙醇添加剂能促进溶液降温,质量浓度越高,温度降得越低;质量浓度为5%时,可消除溶液过冷度,更利于产生冰晶。
According to the theory of flash evaporation, an experimental apparatus was designed for a water-dynamic vacuum flash under the influence of ethanol and ultrasound in this paper. The effects of the different rates of ultrasonic power, volume flow rate, and ethanol concentration were investigated. The experimental results show that compared with the flash evaporation without ultrasound, ultrasound exhibited an obvious effect on the flash enhancement. Furthermore, the depressurization and cooling-down rates were increased with the enhancement of the ultrasound, and a higher ultrasonic power rate was conducive to the dynamic flash and improving the ice-making efficiency. Further, the final stable pressure was increased with the increase in the volume flow rate under the same ultrasonic power. A large volume flow rate was not conducive to the continuous process of flash vaporization. Ethanol additives could make the solution temperature be decreased below 0 ℃, and the higher the concentration was, the lower the temperature was. Adding 5% ethanol was more favorable for ice crystal production.
According to the theory of flash evaporation, an experimental apparatus was designed for a water-dynamic vacuum flash under the influence of ethanol and ultrasound in this paper. The effects of the different rates of ultrasonic power, volume flow rate, and ethanol concentration were investigated. The experimental results show that compared with the flash evaporation without ultrasound, ultrasound exhibited an obvious effect on the flash enhancement. Furthermore, the depressurization and cooling-down rates were increased with the enhancement of the ultrasound, and a higher ultrasonic power rate was conducive to the dynamic flash and improving the ice-making efficiency. Further, the final stable pressure was increased with the increase in the volume flow rate under the same ultrasonic power. A large volume flow rate was not conducive to the continuous process of flash vaporization. Ethanol additives could make the solution temperature be decreased below 0 ℃, and the higher the concentration was, the lower the temperature was. Adding 5% ethanol was more favorable for ice crystal production.
引文
[1] 孙冰洁. 真空法制备冰浆的数值模拟和理论研究[D]. 济南:山东大学, 2013. (SUN Bingjie. Numerical simulation and theoretical study on making dynamic ice slurry with vacuum method [D]. Jinan:Shandong University, 2013.)
[2] GUILPART J, STAMATIOU E, DELAHAYE A, et al. Comparison of the performance of different ice slurry types depending on the application temperature[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2006, 29(5):781-788.
[3] ESCHENBURG H M W, MIDDLETON J V G, HEMP R. 1000 ton per day ice plant for underground cooling at Harmony gold mine[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 1986, 9(6):357-361.
[4] SATOH I, FUSHINOBU K, HASHIMOTO Y. Freezing of a water droplet due to evaporation—heat transfer dominating the evaporation—freezing phenomena and the effect of boiling on freezing characteristics[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2002,25 (2): 226-234.
[5] MIYATAKEI O, MURAKAMI K, KAWATA Y, et al. Fundamental experiments witch flash evaporation[J]. Heat Transfer-Japanese Research, 1973, 2(4):89-100.
[6] KIM B S, SHIN H T, LEE Y P, et al. Study on ice slurry production by water spray[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2001, 24(2):176-184.
[7] AOKI I. Analysis of characteristics of water flash evaporation under low-pressure conditions[J]. Heat Transfer-Asian Research, 2000, 29(1): 22-33.
[8] 严俊杰,李鲁宁,胡申华,等. 开式系统中水膜闪蒸换热特性的实验研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2007,41(1):1-4. (YAN Junjie, LI Luning, HU Shenhua, et al. Experimental study on heat hransfer characteristics of flash evaporation of water film in open system [J]. Journal of Xi′an Jiaotong University, 2007,41(1):1-4.)
[9] 刘伟民,毕勤成,杨冬,等.低压闪蒸液滴温度与相变过程的研究[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报,2005,13(4):381-387. (LIU Weimin, BI Qincheng, YANG Dong, et al. Study on temperature and phase change of water droplet in the process of flash under low pressure[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2005,13(4): 381-387.)
[10] 刘伟民,毕勤成,刘璐,等. 低压闪蒸液滴形态和温度变化的研究[J]. 工程热物理学报,2007,28(6):957-960. (LIU Weimin, BI Qincheng, LIU Lu, et al. Study on the shape and temperature variations within droplet in low pressure environment [J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2007,28(6): 957-960.)
[11] 张绍志,王剑锋,陈光明.水制冷系统闪蒸器特性的理论分析[J]. 低温工程, 2000(3):12-15. (ZHANG Shaozhi, WANG Jianfeng, CHEN Guangming. Theoretical analysis of the flash vaporizer in a refrigeration system using water as refrigerant [J]. Cryogenics, 2000(3):12-15.)
[12] 金从卓,赵莲晋,马腾跃,等. 真空喷雾法制取冰浆的理论分析研究[J]. 流体机械,2011,39(5):61-65. (JIN Congzhuo, ZHAO Lianjin, MA Tengyue, et al. Theoretical analysis of ice slurry production by water spray evaporation method [J]. Fluid Machinery, 2011,39(5):61-65.)
[13] 黄亮, 章学来. 乙醇溶液液滴降压闪蒸特性[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(9):3762-3767. (HUANG Liang, ZHANG Xuelai. Flash evaporation characteristics of ethanol solution droplets under depressurization [J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(9):3762-3767.)
[14] 孙始财, 樊栓狮, 梁德青. 气体水合物超声结晶实验[J]. 制冷学报, 2004, 25(4):10-14. (SUN Shicai, FAN Shuanshi, LIANG Deqing. Experiment on sonocrystallisation of gas hydrate [J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2004, 25(4):10-14.)
[15] 王葳, 张绍志, 陈光明,等. 超声波对水的过冷度影响的实验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2003, 24(1):6-8.(WANG Wei, ZHANG Shaozhi, CHEN Guangming, et al. Experimental study of the effects of ultrasound on the supercooling of water [J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2003, 24(1):6-8.)
[16] SMITH-JOHANNSEN R. Some experiments in the freezing of water[J]. Science, 1948, 108(2815):652-654.
[17] SAITO A, OKAWA S, TOJIKI A, et al. Fundamental research on external factors affecting the freezing of supercooled water[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 1992, 35(10):2527-2536.
[18] INADA T, ZHANG X, YABE A, et al. Active control of phase change from supercooled water to ice by ultrasonic vibration 1. Control of freezing temperature[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 2001, 44(23):4523-4531.
[19] HOZUMI T, SAITO A, OKAWA S, et al. Freezing phenomena of supercooled water under impacts of ultrasonic waves[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2002, 25(7):948-953.
[20] HICKLING R. Nucleation of freezing by cavity collapse and its relation to cavitation damage[J]. Nature, 1965, 206(4987):915-917.
[21] SACLIER M, PECZALSKI R, ANDRIEU J. Effect of ultrasonically induced nucleation on ice crystals′ size and shape during freezing in vials[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2010, 65(10):3064-3071.
[22] ZEIGER B W, SUSLICK K S. Sonofragmentation of molecular crystals[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011, 133(37):14530-14533.通信
[2] GUILPART J, STAMATIOU E, DELAHAYE A, et al. Comparison of the performance of different ice slurry types depending on the application temperature[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2006, 29(5):781-788.
[3] ESCHENBURG H M W, MIDDLETON J V G, HEMP R. 1000 ton per day ice plant for underground cooling at Harmony gold mine[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 1986, 9(6):357-361.
[4] SATOH I, FUSHINOBU K, HASHIMOTO Y. Freezing of a water droplet due to evaporation—heat transfer dominating the evaporation—freezing phenomena and the effect of boiling on freezing characteristics[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2002,25 (2): 226-234.
[5] MIYATAKEI O, MURAKAMI K, KAWATA Y, et al. Fundamental experiments witch flash evaporation[J]. Heat Transfer-Japanese Research, 1973, 2(4):89-100.
[6] KIM B S, SHIN H T, LEE Y P, et al. Study on ice slurry production by water spray[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2001, 24(2):176-184.
[7] AOKI I. Analysis of characteristics of water flash evaporation under low-pressure conditions[J]. Heat Transfer-Asian Research, 2000, 29(1): 22-33.
[8] 严俊杰,李鲁宁,胡申华,等. 开式系统中水膜闪蒸换热特性的实验研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2007,41(1):1-4. (YAN Junjie, LI Luning, HU Shenhua, et al. Experimental study on heat hransfer characteristics of flash evaporation of water film in open system [J]. Journal of Xi′an Jiaotong University, 2007,41(1):1-4.)
[9] 刘伟民,毕勤成,杨冬,等.低压闪蒸液滴温度与相变过程的研究[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报,2005,13(4):381-387. (LIU Weimin, BI Qincheng, YANG Dong, et al. Study on temperature and phase change of water droplet in the process of flash under low pressure[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2005,13(4): 381-387.)
[10] 刘伟民,毕勤成,刘璐,等. 低压闪蒸液滴形态和温度变化的研究[J]. 工程热物理学报,2007,28(6):957-960. (LIU Weimin, BI Qincheng, LIU Lu, et al. Study on the shape and temperature variations within droplet in low pressure environment [J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2007,28(6): 957-960.)
[11] 张绍志,王剑锋,陈光明.水制冷系统闪蒸器特性的理论分析[J]. 低温工程, 2000(3):12-15. (ZHANG Shaozhi, WANG Jianfeng, CHEN Guangming. Theoretical analysis of the flash vaporizer in a refrigeration system using water as refrigerant [J]. Cryogenics, 2000(3):12-15.)
[12] 金从卓,赵莲晋,马腾跃,等. 真空喷雾法制取冰浆的理论分析研究[J]. 流体机械,2011,39(5):61-65. (JIN Congzhuo, ZHAO Lianjin, MA Tengyue, et al. Theoretical analysis of ice slurry production by water spray evaporation method [J]. Fluid Machinery, 2011,39(5):61-65.)
[13] 黄亮, 章学来. 乙醇溶液液滴降压闪蒸特性[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(9):3762-3767. (HUANG Liang, ZHANG Xuelai. Flash evaporation characteristics of ethanol solution droplets under depressurization [J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(9):3762-3767.)
[14] 孙始财, 樊栓狮, 梁德青. 气体水合物超声结晶实验[J]. 制冷学报, 2004, 25(4):10-14. (SUN Shicai, FAN Shuanshi, LIANG Deqing. Experiment on sonocrystallisation of gas hydrate [J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2004, 25(4):10-14.)
[15] 王葳, 张绍志, 陈光明,等. 超声波对水的过冷度影响的实验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2003, 24(1):6-8.(WANG Wei, ZHANG Shaozhi, CHEN Guangming, et al. Experimental study of the effects of ultrasound on the supercooling of water [J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2003, 24(1):6-8.)
[16] SMITH-JOHANNSEN R. Some experiments in the freezing of water[J]. Science, 1948, 108(2815):652-654.
[17] SAITO A, OKAWA S, TOJIKI A, et al. Fundamental research on external factors affecting the freezing of supercooled water[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 1992, 35(10):2527-2536.
[18] INADA T, ZHANG X, YABE A, et al. Active control of phase change from supercooled water to ice by ultrasonic vibration 1. Control of freezing temperature[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 2001, 44(23):4523-4531.
[19] HOZUMI T, SAITO A, OKAWA S, et al. Freezing phenomena of supercooled water under impacts of ultrasonic waves[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2002, 25(7):948-953.
[20] HICKLING R. Nucleation of freezing by cavity collapse and its relation to cavitation damage[J]. Nature, 1965, 206(4987):915-917.
[21] SACLIER M, PECZALSKI R, ANDRIEU J. Effect of ultrasonically induced nucleation on ice crystals′ size and shape during freezing in vials[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2010, 65(10):3064-3071.
[22] ZEIGER B W, SUSLICK K S. Sonofragmentation of molecular crystals[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011, 133(37):14530-14533.通信