基于模糊数学法的新建绿地土壤物理性能评价
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摘要
城市绿地土壤的物理性能影响着城市生态系统的运行,为了研究城市绿地建设过程中不同层次土壤的物理性能,以西安植物园新区为典型案例,选取容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、田间持水量、自然含水量等6个指标,结合模糊数学法以及SPSS17.0与Excel软件对各层土壤的物理性能(Q)进行评价。结果显示,西安植物园新区表层土壤(0~25 cm)、浅层土壤(25~50 cm)、中层土壤(50~70 cm)、深层土壤(70~90 cm)的Q值分别为21.69、61.24、71.19、66.89;分别处于极差水平、较差水平、良好水平、较差水平。平均Q值为55.25,处于较差水平。表层土壤与浅层土壤Q值过低的原因在于重型机械的重复碾压,碾压力对中层土的影响较小。随着土层深度的增加,深层土壤的Q值相对中层有所下降。各影响因子的权重比较显示,土壤容重是影响各层土壤物理性能优劣的重要因素,但随着土层的加深,土壤容重的权重逐渐降低。自然含水量的权重随着土层的加深呈现逐步上升的趋势。
Physical properties of soil in urban green spaces(UGS) have great influence on ecosystem functions.To study physical properties of different soil levels of green spaces, soil samples in Xi'an Botanic Garden werecollected, six indexes were chosen, including bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillaryporosity, water holding capacity and soil moisture content, Q value of soil samples were evaluated with fuzzymathematical method, SPSS17.0 and Excel. The results showed that Q values of soil samples of topsoil(0-25 cm),surface soil(25-50 cm), middle soil(50-70 cm) and deep soil(70-90 cm) were 21.69, 61.24, 71.19, 66.89,which indicated that they were in extremely low level, lower level, good level and lower level, respectively. Theaverage Q value was 55.25, which indicated that the soil was in lower level. The reason of low Q value intopsoil and surface soil was that the soil was repeatedly rolled by heavy machinery during the construction. Theeffect on middle soil was lower. The Q value of deep soil was lower than that of middle soil along with theincrease of soil depth. The comparison of the weight of the indexes showed that bulk density was the mainindex affecting the physical property. The bulk density decreased with the increase of soil depth. However, theweight of natural water content increased with the increase of soil depth.
Physical properties of soil in urban green spaces(UGS) have great influence on ecosystem functions.To study physical properties of different soil levels of green spaces, soil samples in Xi'an Botanic Garden werecollected, six indexes were chosen, including bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillaryporosity, water holding capacity and soil moisture content, Q value of soil samples were evaluated with fuzzymathematical method, SPSS17.0 and Excel. The results showed that Q values of soil samples of topsoil(0-25 cm),surface soil(25-50 cm), middle soil(50-70 cm) and deep soil(70-90 cm) were 21.69, 61.24, 71.19, 66.89,which indicated that they were in extremely low level, lower level, good level and lower level, respectively. Theaverage Q value was 55.25, which indicated that the soil was in lower level. The reason of low Q value intopsoil and surface soil was that the soil was repeatedly rolled by heavy machinery during the construction. Theeffect on middle soil was lower. The Q value of deep soil was lower than that of middle soil along with theincrease of soil depth. The comparison of the weight of the indexes showed that bulk density was the mainindex affecting the physical property. The bulk density decreased with the increase of soil depth. However, theweight of natural water content increased with the increase of soil depth.
引文
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[12]杜林峰,刘永金,许建新,等.基于隶属函数值法的边坡土壤肥力综合评价[J].中国水土保持,2014(5):68-70.
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[14] Reginald E M, Pramod K C, Dhyan S, et al. Alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils in India[J].Enviroment Monitoring and Assessment,2008,136(1/2/3):419-435.
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[16]韦成才,张立新,马英明,等.陕西主要植烟区土壤理化特性与肥力评价[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(4):178-183.
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[19]范海荣,吴素霞,常连生.秦皇岛市草坪土壤肥力数值化综合评价与对策研究[J].草业科学,2013,3(1):9-15.
[20]邱仁辉,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.森林经营措施对土壤的扰动和压实影响[J].山地学报,2000,18(3):231-236.
[21]于法展,尤海梅,李保杰,等.徐州市不同功能城区绿地土壤的理化性质分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):85-88.
[22]杨金玲,汪景宽,张甘霖.城市土壤的压实退化及其环境效应[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):689-694.
[23]吕晓男,陆允甫,王人潮.土壤肥力综合评价初步研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,1999,25(4):378-382.
[24]骆伯胜,钟继洪,陈俊坚.土壤肥力数值化综合评价研究[J].土壤,2004,36(1):104-106.
[25]刘刚.土壤肥力综合评价方法的实验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(4):42-45.
[26]何轶,何伟,周冀衡,等.云南施甸烟区植烟土壤肥力状况综合评价[J].西南农业大学学报,2011,24(4):1386-1389.
[27]陈桂芬,曹丽英,王国伟.加权空间模糊动态聚类算法在土壤肥力评价中的应用[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(10):3559-3563.
[28]伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲,等.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园的土壤物理性质分析[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):85-90.
[2]郝瑞军,方海兰,车玉萍.上海典型植物群落土壤微生物生物量碳、呼吸强度及酶活性比较[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2004,22(5):442-448.
[3]刘艳.北京市崇文区绿地表层土壤质量研究与评价[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2009.
[4]祝飞华.关中地区农田土壤物理退化特征及危害性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[5] Larson W E, Pierce F J. Conservation and enhancement of soil quality[C].In Evaluation for Sustainable Land Management in the Developing World. Vol. 2. IBSRAM Proc. 1991, 12(2).Int. Board for Soil Res. And Management, Bangkok, Thailand.
[6]张育林,王益权,胡海燕,等.陕西关中地区农田土壤物理状态初探干旱地区农业研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(4):75-79.
[7] Karlen D L, Mausbach M J, Doran J W, et al. Soil Quality:A Concept, Definition, and Framework for Evaluation[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1997,61:4-10.
[8]张桃林,潘剑君,赵其国.土壤质量研究进展与方向[J].土壤,1999,31(1):1-7.
[9]凌青根.土壤质量研究与可持续发展[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2002,8(1):54-56.
[10]中国标准出版社第二编辑部.环境监测方法标准汇编—土壤环境与固体废物[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:338-358.
[11]王建国,杨林章,单艳红.模糊数学在土壤质量评价中的应用研究[J].土壤学报,2001,38(2):176-183.
[12]杜林峰,刘永金,许建新,等.基于隶属函数值法的边坡土壤肥力综合评价[J].中国水土保持,2014(5):68-70.
[13]赵方杰.洛桑试验站的长期定位试验[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(5):147-153.
[14] Reginald E M, Pramod K C, Dhyan S, et al. Alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils in India[J].Enviroment Monitoring and Assessment,2008,136(1/2/3):419-435.
[15] Kuntal M H, Anand S, Mishra B, et al. Impact of long-term application of fertilizer,manure and lime under intensive cropping on physical properties and organic carbon content of an Alfisol[J].Geoderma,2008,2(148):173-179.
[16]韦成才,张立新,马英明,等.陕西主要植烟区土壤理化特性与肥力评价[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(4):178-183.
[17] Smith J L. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment[C]//Doran J W. Defining Soil Quality for A Sustainable Enviroment.Michigan:SSSA and ASA,1994.
[18] Doran J W, Parkin T B. Defining and assessing soil quality[C]//Doran J W. Defining soil qualitu for a sustainable environment.Michigan:SSSA and ASA,1994.
[19]范海荣,吴素霞,常连生.秦皇岛市草坪土壤肥力数值化综合评价与对策研究[J].草业科学,2013,3(1):9-15.
[20]邱仁辉,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.森林经营措施对土壤的扰动和压实影响[J].山地学报,2000,18(3):231-236.
[21]于法展,尤海梅,李保杰,等.徐州市不同功能城区绿地土壤的理化性质分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):85-88.
[22]杨金玲,汪景宽,张甘霖.城市土壤的压实退化及其环境效应[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):689-694.
[23]吕晓男,陆允甫,王人潮.土壤肥力综合评价初步研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,1999,25(4):378-382.
[24]骆伯胜,钟继洪,陈俊坚.土壤肥力数值化综合评价研究[J].土壤,2004,36(1):104-106.
[25]刘刚.土壤肥力综合评价方法的实验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(4):42-45.
[26]何轶,何伟,周冀衡,等.云南施甸烟区植烟土壤肥力状况综合评价[J].西南农业大学学报,2011,24(4):1386-1389.
[27]陈桂芬,曹丽英,王国伟.加权空间模糊动态聚类算法在土壤肥力评价中的应用[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(10):3559-3563.
[28]伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲,等.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园的土壤物理性质分析[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):85-90.