风能等效转化利用模型及其效益研究
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摘要
以能源互联网为依托,研究了风能在转化利用过程中不同"能质"能量之间的等效转化关系及其对应的效益。为综合考虑负荷需求特性及供能价格因素对风能利用方式的影响,以风电利用率最大和系统运行综合效益最大化为目标,构建风能转化利用多目标优化模型;然后,采用量子行为的粒子群优化算法对模型进行优化求解;最后,在不同的供能模式下进行对比分析。算例结果表明,所提模型能够有效地提高能耗系统对风能的综合利用率及消纳能力,并取得更高的能售效益,验证了所提模型及其运行方式的有效性和可行性,为大规模风电的开发和利用提供了新的思路。
The equivalent conversion relationships among different "energy qualities" during the conversion and utilization of wind energy,together with the corresponding benefits,are investigated based on the energy internet. A multi-objective optimization model of wind-energy conversion and utilization is established,which takes the maximum wind-energy utilization rate and the maximum system operational benefit as its objectives and considers comprehensively the influences of load demand and energy-supply price on the wind-energy utilization mode. The quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to solve the model and analytic comparison is carried out among different energy-supply modes. Case study shows that the proposed optimization model improves the comprehensive wind-energy utilization rate,wind-power accommodation capability and energy-sale benefit of energy consumption system. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed models and operating modes are verified,providing a new concept for the large-scale development and utilization of wind energy.
The equivalent conversion relationships among different "energy qualities" during the conversion and utilization of wind energy,together with the corresponding benefits,are investigated based on the energy internet. A multi-objective optimization model of wind-energy conversion and utilization is established,which takes the maximum wind-energy utilization rate and the maximum system operational benefit as its objectives and considers comprehensively the influences of load demand and energy-supply price on the wind-energy utilization mode. The quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to solve the model and analytic comparison is carried out among different energy-supply modes. Case study shows that the proposed optimization model improves the comprehensive wind-energy utilization rate,wind-power accommodation capability and energy-sale benefit of energy consumption system. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed models and operating modes are verified,providing a new concept for the large-scale development and utilization of wind energy.
引文
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[13]赵祖熠,解大,楚皓翔,等.基于储能系统的双馈风电机组机网扭振抑制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(8):33-39.ZHAO Zuyi,XIE Da,CHU Haoxiang,et al.Generator-grid torsional vibration suppression for DFIG system with ESS[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(8):33-39.
[14]董朝阳,赵俊华,文福拴,等.从智能电网到能源互联网:基本概念与研究框架[J].电力系统及其自动化,2014,38(15):1-11.DONG Zhaoyang,ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,et al.From smart grid to energy internet:basic concept and research framework[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(15):1-11.
[15]于慎航,孙莹,牛晓娜,等.基于分布式可再生能源发电的能源互联网系统[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(5):104-108.YU Shenhang,SUN Ying,NIU Xiaona,et al.Energy internet system based on distributed renewable energy generation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,30(5):104-108.
[16]杨方,白翠粉,张义斌.能源互联网的价值与实现构架研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3495-3502.YANG Fang,BAI Cuifen,ZHANG Yibin.Research on the value and implementation framework of energy internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3495-3502.
[17]朱明善.能量系统的火用分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988:28-35.
[18]杜李超.火用分析及其应用[J].中国电力,1986(8):71-74.DU Lichao.Exergy analysis method and application[J].Electric Power,1986(8):71-74.
[19]BELFKIRA R,NICHITA C,REGHEM P,et al.Modeling and optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy system[C]∥Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference,2008.Poznan,Poland:IEEE,2008:1834-1839.
[20]DESHMUKH M K,DESHMUKH S S.Modeling of hybrid renewable energy systems[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2008,12(1):235-249.
[21]吕泉,陈天佑,王海霞,等.含储热的电力系统电热综合调度模型[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(5):79-85.L譈Quan,CHEN Tianyou,WANG Haixia,et al.Combined heat and power dispatch model for power system with heat accumulator[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(5):79-85.
[22]丁明,王波,赵波,等.独立风光柴储微网系统容量优化配置[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):575-581.DING Ming,WANG Bo,ZHAO Bo,et al.Configuration optimization of capacity of standalone PV-wind-diesel-battery hybrid microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):575-581.
[23]CHEN S X,GOOI H B,WANG M Q.Sizing of energy storage for microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(1):142-151.
[24]YOKOYAMA R,ITO K.Effect of inlet air cooling by ice storage on unit sizing of a gas turbine cogeneration plant[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2004,126(2):351-357.
[25]陆伟,张士杰,肖云汉.有蓄冷器的联供系统优化运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(8):49-53.LU Wei,ZHANG Shijie,XIAO Yunhan.The optimal operational planning of a cogeneration system with storage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(8):49-53.
[26]肖小清,阚伟民,杨允,等.有蓄能的联供系统超结构优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(32):8-14.XIAO Xiaoqing,KAN Weimin,YANG Yun,et al.Superstructurebased optimal planning of cogeneration systems with storage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(32):8-14.
[27]李正茂,张峰,梁军,等.含电热联合系统的微电网运行优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3569-3576.LI Zhengmao,ZHANG Feng,LIANG Jun,et al.Optimization on microgrid with combined heat and power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3569-3576.
[2]贾文昭,康重庆,李丹,等.基于日前风功率预测的风电消纳能力评估方法[J].电网技术,2012,36(8):69-75.JIA Wenzhao,KANG Chongqing,LI Dan,et al.Evaluation on capability of wind power accommodation based on its day-ahead forecasting[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(8):69-75.
[3]SHE X,HUANG A Q,WANG F,et al.Wind energy system with integrated functions of active power transfer,reactive power compensation and voltage conversion[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(10):4512-4524.
[4]侯佑华,房大中,齐军,等.大规模风电入网的有功功率波动特性分析及发电计划仿真[J].电网技术,2010,34(5):60-66.HOU Youhua,FANG Dazhong,QI Jun,et al.Analysis on active power fluctuation characteristics of large-scale grid-connected wind farm and generation scheduling simulation under different capacity power injected from wind farms into power grid[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(5):60-66.
[5]白建华,辛颂旭,贾德香,等.中国风电开发消纳及输送相关重大问题研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,26(1):14-17.BAI Jianhua,XIN Songxu,JIA Dexiang,et al.Study of major questions of wind power digestion and transmission in China[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2010,26(1):14-17.
[6]汪宁渤,王建东,何世恩.酒泉风电跨区域消纳模式及其外送方案[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(22):82-89.WANG Ningbo,WANG Jiandong,HE Shien.Cross-border accommodation method and transmission scheme of Jiuquan wind power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(22):82-89.
[7]艾欣,刘晓.基于需求响应的风电消纳机会约束模型研究[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2011,38(3):17-22.AI Xin,LIU Xiao.Chance constrained model for wind power usage based on demand response[J].Joural of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition),2011,38(3):17-22.
[8]于大洋,黄海丽,雷鸣,等.区域电网电动汽车充电与风电协同调度分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(14):24-29.YU Dayang,HUANG Haili,LEI Ming,et al.Synergistic dispatch of PEVs charging and wind power in Chinese reginal power grids[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(14):24-29.
[9]严干贵,刘嘉,崔杨,等.利用储能提高风电调度入网规模的经济性评价[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):45-52.YAN Gangui,LIU Jia,CUI Yang,et al.Economic evaluation on improving wind power scheduling scale by using energy storage systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):45-52.
[10]郑乐,胡伟,陆秋瑜,等.储能系统用于提高风能接入规划和运行综合优化模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2533-2543.ZHEN Le,HU Wei,LU Qiuyu,et al.Research on planning and operation model for energy storage system to optimize wind power integration[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2533-2543.
[11]颜伟,吕冰,赵霞,等.含高渗透率风电配网中电池储能系统和开关的协调规划[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(3):6-11.YAN Wei,L譈Bing,ZHAO Xia,et al.Coordinated allocation of BESS and controllable switches in distribution system with high penetration of wind power[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(3):6-11.
[12]施琳,罗毅,施念,等.高渗透率风电-储能鼓励电网控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(16):78-85.SHI Lin,LUO Yi,SHI Nian,et al.A control strategy of isolated grid with high penetration of wind and energy storage systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(16):78-85.
[13]赵祖熠,解大,楚皓翔,等.基于储能系统的双馈风电机组机网扭振抑制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(8):33-39.ZHAO Zuyi,XIE Da,CHU Haoxiang,et al.Generator-grid torsional vibration suppression for DFIG system with ESS[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(8):33-39.
[14]董朝阳,赵俊华,文福拴,等.从智能电网到能源互联网:基本概念与研究框架[J].电力系统及其自动化,2014,38(15):1-11.DONG Zhaoyang,ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,et al.From smart grid to energy internet:basic concept and research framework[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(15):1-11.
[15]于慎航,孙莹,牛晓娜,等.基于分布式可再生能源发电的能源互联网系统[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(5):104-108.YU Shenhang,SUN Ying,NIU Xiaona,et al.Energy internet system based on distributed renewable energy generation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,30(5):104-108.
[16]杨方,白翠粉,张义斌.能源互联网的价值与实现构架研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3495-3502.YANG Fang,BAI Cuifen,ZHANG Yibin.Research on the value and implementation framework of energy internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3495-3502.
[17]朱明善.能量系统的火用分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988:28-35.
[18]杜李超.火用分析及其应用[J].中国电力,1986(8):71-74.DU Lichao.Exergy analysis method and application[J].Electric Power,1986(8):71-74.
[19]BELFKIRA R,NICHITA C,REGHEM P,et al.Modeling and optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy system[C]∥Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference,2008.Poznan,Poland:IEEE,2008:1834-1839.
[20]DESHMUKH M K,DESHMUKH S S.Modeling of hybrid renewable energy systems[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2008,12(1):235-249.
[21]吕泉,陈天佑,王海霞,等.含储热的电力系统电热综合调度模型[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(5):79-85.L譈Quan,CHEN Tianyou,WANG Haixia,et al.Combined heat and power dispatch model for power system with heat accumulator[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(5):79-85.
[22]丁明,王波,赵波,等.独立风光柴储微网系统容量优化配置[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):575-581.DING Ming,WANG Bo,ZHAO Bo,et al.Configuration optimization of capacity of standalone PV-wind-diesel-battery hybrid microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):575-581.
[23]CHEN S X,GOOI H B,WANG M Q.Sizing of energy storage for microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(1):142-151.
[24]YOKOYAMA R,ITO K.Effect of inlet air cooling by ice storage on unit sizing of a gas turbine cogeneration plant[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2004,126(2):351-357.
[25]陆伟,张士杰,肖云汉.有蓄冷器的联供系统优化运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(8):49-53.LU Wei,ZHANG Shijie,XIAO Yunhan.The optimal operational planning of a cogeneration system with storage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(8):49-53.
[26]肖小清,阚伟民,杨允,等.有蓄能的联供系统超结构优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(32):8-14.XIAO Xiaoqing,KAN Weimin,YANG Yun,et al.Superstructurebased optimal planning of cogeneration systems with storage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(32):8-14.
[27]李正茂,张峰,梁军,等.含电热联合系统的微电网运行优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3569-3576.LI Zhengmao,ZHANG Feng,LIANG Jun,et al.Optimization on microgrid with combined heat and power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3569-3576.