黄河下游开封段引黄灌区小麦中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价
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摘要
为探究引黄灌区小麦对人体健康的影响,以黄河下游引黄灌区开封段为研究区,对其中水稻乡、柳园口乡、西郊乡和北郊乡的小麦进行采样调查,采用内梅罗综合指数法、健康风险评价模型对研究区小麦重金属污染状况及其对成人和儿童的健康风险进行评价.结果表明,研究区小麦籽粒中Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg平均含量分别为0.034、0.428、0.279、5.363、29.605、0.305和0.003 mg·kg~(-1).除Pb和Zn外,其他重金属均未超出国家食品卫生标准限制值.研究区小麦籽粒中Pb和Zn的污染指数大于1,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Hg的污染指数均小于1,小麦综合污染指数为1.985>1,各乡区小麦的综合污染指数介于1.116~1.847之间.非致癌重金属(Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg)对成人和儿童的健康风险指数分别为1.055 8和0.545 0;致癌重金属(Cd、Cr、Ni)对成人和儿童的健康风险指数均值均高于USEPA推荐的最大可接受风险水平1×10-4,可能存在引发癌症的风险.
In order to monitor heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils and assess the corresponding health risk in the Yellow River irrigation area,this study applied the Nemero index and the health risk index to evaluate heavy metal pollution in wheat grains and the health risks for residents in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Four towns in Kaifeng,which are within the lower reaches of the Yellow River,were selected as the study area. The examination of wheat samples revealed that the average contents of Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,and Hg in the wheat grains were 0. 034,0. 428,0. 279,5. 363,29. 605,0. 305,and 0. 003 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.Among the heavy metals,Pb and Zn exceeded the national food hygiene standards. The pollution indices of Pb and Zn in the wheat grains contributed significantly to the comprehensive pollution index,as each was greater than 1( 1. 985),although the pollution indices of the other heavy metals were less than 1. The comprehensive pollution index of wheat in each town ranged from 1. 116 to1. 847. The health risk indices of non-carcinogenic heavy metals( Pb,Cu,Zn,and Hg) for adults and children were 1. 055 8 and0. 545 0,respectively. The health risk indices of carcinogenic heavy metals( Cd,Cr,and Ni) for adults and children were higher than the maximum acceptable risk level( 1 × 10-4) recommended by the USEPA,which suggests that residents of the study area have a high risk of developing various forms of cancer.
In order to monitor heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils and assess the corresponding health risk in the Yellow River irrigation area,this study applied the Nemero index and the health risk index to evaluate heavy metal pollution in wheat grains and the health risks for residents in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Four towns in Kaifeng,which are within the lower reaches of the Yellow River,were selected as the study area. The examination of wheat samples revealed that the average contents of Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,and Hg in the wheat grains were 0. 034,0. 428,0. 279,5. 363,29. 605,0. 305,and 0. 003 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.Among the heavy metals,Pb and Zn exceeded the national food hygiene standards. The pollution indices of Pb and Zn in the wheat grains contributed significantly to the comprehensive pollution index,as each was greater than 1( 1. 985),although the pollution indices of the other heavy metals were less than 1. The comprehensive pollution index of wheat in each town ranged from 1. 116 to1. 847. The health risk indices of non-carcinogenic heavy metals( Pb,Cu,Zn,and Hg) for adults and children were 1. 055 8 and0. 545 0,respectively. The health risk indices of carcinogenic heavy metals( Cd,Cr,and Ni) for adults and children were higher than the maximum acceptable risk level( 1 × 10-4) recommended by the USEPA,which suggests that residents of the study area have a high risk of developing various forms of cancer.
引文
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