零井源距VSP数据变换及其在高陡构造地区桥式标定中的应用
|
摘要
桥式标定是以垂直地震剖面数据为桥梁的一种综合地质层位对比与分析方法。在高陡构造地区,由于受到上行波场不能同相拉平等因素的影响,现有的桥式标定方法不能很好地满足层位分析的需要。本文提出一种垂直地震数据转换及标定的方法,首先依初至时间对VSP上行波NMO后数据进行子矩阵分组,然后对子矩阵进行重新排列,进而将转换后垂直地震剖面数据直接用于层位标定。新方法不再依赖于难以同相叠加的走廊剖面,标定结果更加直观、可靠;同时便于进行综合地震地质分析,可以较好地解决高陡构造地区VSP桥式标定问题。在塔里木盆地库车地区K85井的应用取得了较好效果。
The bridge calibration of vertical seismic profile(VSP)is one of the key approaches to bridging surface seismic,logging,and lithology data.However for high-dip structure areas,this bridge calibration cannot achieve horizon analysis because the up-going wave field is not flatted.Therefore we propose in this paper a new approach of bridge calibration for zero-offset VSP data.For the zero-offset VSP data transformation,up-going waves after NMO are classified and listed as sub-matrix.Then horizons are calibrated on this data.This approach calibrates horizons directly on the transformed data rather than on VSP corridor stacked data.So calibrated results are more intuitional,more reliable,and better for seismic and geology analysis.An application example in Tarim Basin demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The bridge calibration of vertical seismic profile(VSP)is one of the key approaches to bridging surface seismic,logging,and lithology data.However for high-dip structure areas,this bridge calibration cannot achieve horizon analysis because the up-going wave field is not flatted.Therefore we propose in this paper a new approach of bridge calibration for zero-offset VSP data.For the zero-offset VSP data transformation,up-going waves after NMO are classified and listed as sub-matrix.Then horizons are calibrated on this data.This approach calibrates horizons directly on the transformed data rather than on VSP corridor stacked data.So calibrated results are more intuitional,more reliable,and better for seismic and geology analysis.An application example in Tarim Basin demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
引文
[1]朱光明.垂直地震剖面方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1988.
[2]赵海英,齐聪伟,陈沅忠等.基于VSP的地震层位综合标定方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(增刊1):84-92.Zhao Haiying,Qi Congwei,Chen Yuanzhong et al.Seismic horizon calibration based on VSP data.OGP,2016,51(S1):84-92.
[3]蔡志东,张庆红,刘聪伟.高陡构造地区零井源距VSP成像方法研究.石油物探,2015,54(3):309-316.Cai Zhidong,Zhang Qinghong,Liu Congwei.Zero-offset VSP imaging method for complex structures.GPP,2015,54(3):309-316.
[4]孟恩,牟风明,赵彦青等.VSP走廊叠加倾角时差校正.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):700-702.Meng En,Mu Fengming,Zhao Yanqing et al.Dipmoveout-correction(DMO)for VSP corridor stack.OGP,2005,40(6):700-702.
[5]陆文凯,牟永光.用自组织神经网络实现地震同相轴自动追踪.石油物探,1998,37(1):77-83.Lu Wenkai,Mu Yongguang.Seismic event automatic tracking using self-organizing neural network.GPP,1998,37(1):77-83.
[6]郑公营,曾婷婷.地震层位自动追踪技术研究.物探化探计算技术,2013,35(6):711-715.Zheng Gongying,Zeng Tingting.The technology of seismic horizon automatic tracking.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,35(6):711-715.
[7]李鹏,冯晅,王典等.地震剖面同相轴自动追踪技术研究.吉林大学学报,2008,38(增刊1):78-80.Li Peng,Feng Xuan,Wang Dian et al.Auto tracking the syncphase axis of seismic profiles.Journal of Jilin University,2008,38(S1):78-80.
[8]崔汝国,曹国滨,王彦春等.影响VSP层位标定的问题及对策.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(增刊1):96-99.Cui Ruguo,Cao Guobin,Wang Yanchun et al.Issues affecting calibration of VSP horizons and countermeasures.OGP,2006,41(S1):96-99.
[9]刘治凡.利用VSP资料标定层位.新疆石油地质,2002,23(3):252-253.Liu Zhifan.Using VSP data for calibration of horizons.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2002,23(3):252-253.
[10]姜本厚,沈章洪,张平平等.倾斜地层的VSP时深标定研究.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):598-604.Jiang Benhou,Shen Zhanghong,Zhang Pingping et al.VSP time-depth calibration in tilted stratum.OGP,2012,47(4):598-604.
[11]符力耘,肖又军,孙伟家等.库车坳陷复杂高陡构造地震成像研究.地球物理学报,2013,56(6):1985-2001.Fu Liyun,Xiao Youjun,Sun Weijia et al.Seismic imaging studies of complex high and steep structures in Kuqa depression.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(6):1985-2001.
[12]郭向宇,凌云,高军等.井地联合地震勘探技术研究.石油物探,2010,49(5):438-450.Guo Xiangyu,Ling Yun,Gao Jun et al.Study of seismic-logging joint seismic exploration technology.GPP,2010,49(5):438-450.
[13]Hurich C,Deemer S.Combined surface and borehole seismic imaging in a hard rock terrain:A field test of seismic interferometry.Geophysics,2013,78(3):B103-B110.
[14]马劲风,傅旦丹,刘一峰等.转换波人工合成地震记录制作及纵、横波层位对比.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(1):60-67.Ma Jinfeng,Fu Dandan,Liu Yifeng et al.Making C-wave synthetic seismogram and correlation of P-and S-waves events.OGP,2004,39(1):60-67.
[15]陈林,邓勇,盖永浩等.复杂断块构造时深转换方法探讨---以涠西南凹陷为例.地球物理学进展,2014,29(3):1121-1127.Chen Lin,Deng Yong,Gai Yonghao et al.Exploration of time-depth conversion method in complicated fault block:Take Weixinan sag for example.Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(3):1121-1127.
[16]郭向宇,蒋小松,张国娟等.复杂区三分量转换波数据处理技术.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):28-34.Guo Xiangyu,Jiang Xiaosong,Zhang Guojuan et al.3Cconverted wave data processing techniques in complex area.OGP,2011,46(1):28-34.
[17]马志霞,孙赞东,白海军等.三维三分量VSP多种波场分离方法对比.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):219-224.Ma Zhixia,Sun Zandong,Bai Haijun et al.Comparative studies on 3D3CVSP multiple wave field separation methods.OGP,2010,45(2):219-224.
[18]孙赞东,李强,孙文博等.VSP处理中标量波场分离方法比较分析.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(增刊1):27-33.Sun Zandong,Li Qiang,Sun Wenbo et al.Method and application of VSP anisotropic vector wavefield decomposion.OGP,2011,46(S1):27-33.
[19]孙成禹,谢俊法,闫月锋等.一种无拉伸畸变的动校正方法.石油物探,2016,55(5):664-673.Sun Chengyu,Xie Junfa,Yan Yuefeng et al.A NMOcorrection method without stretching distortion.GPP,2016,55(5):664-673.
[20]王冲,王静,蔡志东等.基于VSP振幅属性特征的盐下构造钻前深度预测新方法.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1246-1252.Wang Chong,Wang Jing,Cai Zhidong et al.Pre-drilling depth prediction of subsalt structure based on VSPamplitude attributes.OGP,2017,52(6):1246-1252.
[21]谢会文,罗斌,许安明等.复杂高陡构造零偏VSP空变倾角时差校正及其处理技术.石油物探,2017,56(3):408-415.Xie Huiwen,Luo Bin,Xu Anming et al.Space varying DMO correction for complex high steep structures zero-offset VSP data.GPP,2017,56(3):408-415.
[22]赵邦六,董世泰,曾忠.井中地震技术的昨天、今天和明天---井中地震技术发展及应用展望.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1112-1123.Zhao Bangliu,Dong Shitai,Zeng Zhong.Borehole seismic development,status quo and future:Application prospect of borehole seismic.OGP,2017,52(5):1112-1123.
[2]赵海英,齐聪伟,陈沅忠等.基于VSP的地震层位综合标定方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(增刊1):84-92.Zhao Haiying,Qi Congwei,Chen Yuanzhong et al.Seismic horizon calibration based on VSP data.OGP,2016,51(S1):84-92.
[3]蔡志东,张庆红,刘聪伟.高陡构造地区零井源距VSP成像方法研究.石油物探,2015,54(3):309-316.Cai Zhidong,Zhang Qinghong,Liu Congwei.Zero-offset VSP imaging method for complex structures.GPP,2015,54(3):309-316.
[4]孟恩,牟风明,赵彦青等.VSP走廊叠加倾角时差校正.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):700-702.Meng En,Mu Fengming,Zhao Yanqing et al.Dipmoveout-correction(DMO)for VSP corridor stack.OGP,2005,40(6):700-702.
[5]陆文凯,牟永光.用自组织神经网络实现地震同相轴自动追踪.石油物探,1998,37(1):77-83.Lu Wenkai,Mu Yongguang.Seismic event automatic tracking using self-organizing neural network.GPP,1998,37(1):77-83.
[6]郑公营,曾婷婷.地震层位自动追踪技术研究.物探化探计算技术,2013,35(6):711-715.Zheng Gongying,Zeng Tingting.The technology of seismic horizon automatic tracking.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,35(6):711-715.
[7]李鹏,冯晅,王典等.地震剖面同相轴自动追踪技术研究.吉林大学学报,2008,38(增刊1):78-80.Li Peng,Feng Xuan,Wang Dian et al.Auto tracking the syncphase axis of seismic profiles.Journal of Jilin University,2008,38(S1):78-80.
[8]崔汝国,曹国滨,王彦春等.影响VSP层位标定的问题及对策.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(增刊1):96-99.Cui Ruguo,Cao Guobin,Wang Yanchun et al.Issues affecting calibration of VSP horizons and countermeasures.OGP,2006,41(S1):96-99.
[9]刘治凡.利用VSP资料标定层位.新疆石油地质,2002,23(3):252-253.Liu Zhifan.Using VSP data for calibration of horizons.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2002,23(3):252-253.
[10]姜本厚,沈章洪,张平平等.倾斜地层的VSP时深标定研究.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):598-604.Jiang Benhou,Shen Zhanghong,Zhang Pingping et al.VSP time-depth calibration in tilted stratum.OGP,2012,47(4):598-604.
[11]符力耘,肖又军,孙伟家等.库车坳陷复杂高陡构造地震成像研究.地球物理学报,2013,56(6):1985-2001.Fu Liyun,Xiao Youjun,Sun Weijia et al.Seismic imaging studies of complex high and steep structures in Kuqa depression.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(6):1985-2001.
[12]郭向宇,凌云,高军等.井地联合地震勘探技术研究.石油物探,2010,49(5):438-450.Guo Xiangyu,Ling Yun,Gao Jun et al.Study of seismic-logging joint seismic exploration technology.GPP,2010,49(5):438-450.
[13]Hurich C,Deemer S.Combined surface and borehole seismic imaging in a hard rock terrain:A field test of seismic interferometry.Geophysics,2013,78(3):B103-B110.
[14]马劲风,傅旦丹,刘一峰等.转换波人工合成地震记录制作及纵、横波层位对比.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(1):60-67.Ma Jinfeng,Fu Dandan,Liu Yifeng et al.Making C-wave synthetic seismogram and correlation of P-and S-waves events.OGP,2004,39(1):60-67.
[15]陈林,邓勇,盖永浩等.复杂断块构造时深转换方法探讨---以涠西南凹陷为例.地球物理学进展,2014,29(3):1121-1127.Chen Lin,Deng Yong,Gai Yonghao et al.Exploration of time-depth conversion method in complicated fault block:Take Weixinan sag for example.Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(3):1121-1127.
[16]郭向宇,蒋小松,张国娟等.复杂区三分量转换波数据处理技术.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):28-34.Guo Xiangyu,Jiang Xiaosong,Zhang Guojuan et al.3Cconverted wave data processing techniques in complex area.OGP,2011,46(1):28-34.
[17]马志霞,孙赞东,白海军等.三维三分量VSP多种波场分离方法对比.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):219-224.Ma Zhixia,Sun Zandong,Bai Haijun et al.Comparative studies on 3D3CVSP multiple wave field separation methods.OGP,2010,45(2):219-224.
[18]孙赞东,李强,孙文博等.VSP处理中标量波场分离方法比较分析.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(增刊1):27-33.Sun Zandong,Li Qiang,Sun Wenbo et al.Method and application of VSP anisotropic vector wavefield decomposion.OGP,2011,46(S1):27-33.
[19]孙成禹,谢俊法,闫月锋等.一种无拉伸畸变的动校正方法.石油物探,2016,55(5):664-673.Sun Chengyu,Xie Junfa,Yan Yuefeng et al.A NMOcorrection method without stretching distortion.GPP,2016,55(5):664-673.
[20]王冲,王静,蔡志东等.基于VSP振幅属性特征的盐下构造钻前深度预测新方法.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1246-1252.Wang Chong,Wang Jing,Cai Zhidong et al.Pre-drilling depth prediction of subsalt structure based on VSPamplitude attributes.OGP,2017,52(6):1246-1252.
[21]谢会文,罗斌,许安明等.复杂高陡构造零偏VSP空变倾角时差校正及其处理技术.石油物探,2017,56(3):408-415.Xie Huiwen,Luo Bin,Xu Anming et al.Space varying DMO correction for complex high steep structures zero-offset VSP data.GPP,2017,56(3):408-415.
[22]赵邦六,董世泰,曾忠.井中地震技术的昨天、今天和明天---井中地震技术发展及应用展望.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1112-1123.Zhao Bangliu,Dong Shitai,Zeng Zhong.Borehole seismic development,status quo and future:Application prospect of borehole seismic.OGP,2017,52(5):1112-1123.