N、P、K配施对丹参产量和质量的影响
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摘要
目的通过研究N、P、K配比对丹参产量、生长及质量的影响,探寻鲁中南地区丹参最佳N、P、K配比及用量,为鲁中南地区棕壤土质下丹参精准施肥提供理论指导。方法采用"3414"随机区组设计N、P、K 3种肥料不同配施组合,共14个施肥处理,测定丹参产量、生长性状、生物活性成分含量。分析不同施肥处理对丹参产量和质量的影响,并通过逐步回归分析建立鲁中南丹参的肥料效应模型,估测该地区丹参最大产量施肥量及最佳经济施肥量。结果 N、P、K缺素处理较最高产量处理分别减产27.29%、22.09%、23.83%,增收最佳处理为N2P2K_2,产量为16740kg/hm~2;单因素肥料效应分析表明丹参产量随单种肥料施用量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,限制山东地区丹参产量及效益的主要营养元素依次为N>K>P;两因素交互效应分析表明,在较低施入水平下,N、P、K肥之间相互促进,且交互效应NP>NK>PK;N、P、K配施对生长性状影响分析得出N肥显著促进丹参根部物质积累,K肥对丹参株幅、根粗有促进作用;对活性成分含量影响分析得出P肥对酚酸类成分积累均有促进作用,促进丹参酮类成分积累,K肥对其有抑制作用。结论丹参施肥量与产量之间二次函数拟合结果均符合报酬递减定律,能较好反映施肥量与产量的关系,通过建立三元二次效应函数估测鲁中南地区最佳经济施肥量为N 195.63 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 116.64 kg/hm~2、K_2O 153.84 kg/hm~2。
Objective To study the effect of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza in order to explore the optimal N, P, and K ratios and dosages in middle south of Shandong, and provide theoretical guidance for precision fertilization. Methods Based on "3414" randomized block design, 14 fertilization combination treatments of N, P and K were designed to determine the yield, growth, and bioactive components of S. miltiorrhiza. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza were analyzed, and a fertilizer effect model of S. miltiorrhiza in middle south of Shandong was established by stepwise regression analysis. The maximum yield of fertilized S. miltiorrhiza and the best amount of economic fertilization were estimated. Results Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiency treatments reduced the yields by 27.29%, 22.09%, and 23.83%, respectively, and the optimal treatment for increasing yield was N2 P2 K_2 with a yield of 16 740 kg/hm~2. Single factor fertilizer effect analysis showed that the yield of S. miltiorrhiza showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in the application amount of these fertilizers. The main nutrient elements limiting yield and benefit of S. miltiorrhiza in middle south of Shandong were as follow: N > K > P. The analysis of the interaction between the two factors showed that the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers promoted each other at a certain application amounts, the interaction effect were as follow: NP > NK > PK. Through the effects of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on growth, nitrogen significantly promoted the material accumulation in roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Potassium had a certain role in promoting the plant width and root width. The effect of fertilization on the content of active ingredients showed that potassium promoted the accumulation of phenolic acids and tanshinones, while potassium had the adverse effect. Conclusion The quadratic function fitting result between the amount of fertilizer applied and the yield of S. miltiorrhiza is in line with the law of diminishing returns, which can better reflect the relationship between the amount of fertilizer and yield. The best fertilizer scheme in middle south of Shandong should be N 195.63 kg?/hm~2, P_2O_5 116.64 kg/hm~2, and K_2 O 153.84 kg/hm~2 estimated by ternary quadratic function fitting.
Objective To study the effect of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza in order to explore the optimal N, P, and K ratios and dosages in middle south of Shandong, and provide theoretical guidance for precision fertilization. Methods Based on "3414" randomized block design, 14 fertilization combination treatments of N, P and K were designed to determine the yield, growth, and bioactive components of S. miltiorrhiza. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza were analyzed, and a fertilizer effect model of S. miltiorrhiza in middle south of Shandong was established by stepwise regression analysis. The maximum yield of fertilized S. miltiorrhiza and the best amount of economic fertilization were estimated. Results Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiency treatments reduced the yields by 27.29%, 22.09%, and 23.83%, respectively, and the optimal treatment for increasing yield was N2 P2 K_2 with a yield of 16 740 kg/hm~2. Single factor fertilizer effect analysis showed that the yield of S. miltiorrhiza showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in the application amount of these fertilizers. The main nutrient elements limiting yield and benefit of S. miltiorrhiza in middle south of Shandong were as follow: N > K > P. The analysis of the interaction between the two factors showed that the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers promoted each other at a certain application amounts, the interaction effect were as follow: NP > NK > PK. Through the effects of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on growth, nitrogen significantly promoted the material accumulation in roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Potassium had a certain role in promoting the plant width and root width. The effect of fertilization on the content of active ingredients showed that potassium promoted the accumulation of phenolic acids and tanshinones, while potassium had the adverse effect. Conclusion The quadratic function fitting result between the amount of fertilizer applied and the yield of S. miltiorrhiza is in line with the law of diminishing returns, which can better reflect the relationship between the amount of fertilizer and yield. The best fertilizer scheme in middle south of Shandong should be N 195.63 kg?/hm~2, P_2O_5 116.64 kg/hm~2, and K_2 O 153.84 kg/hm~2 estimated by ternary quadratic function fitting.
引文
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[3]曾慧婷,沙秀秀,宿树兰,等.不同产地丹参茎叶UPLC指纹图谱与化学模式识别研究[J].中草药,2017,48(4):767-772.
[4]Wang Y,Lu H,Liu Y,et al.Cryptotanshinone sensitizes antitumor effect of paclitaxel on tongue squamous cell carcinoma growth by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway[J].Biomed Pharm,2017,95:1388-1396.
[5]Li H,Shi L,Wei J,et al.Cellular uptake and anticancer activity of salvianolic acid B phospholipid complex loaded nanoparticles in head and neck cancer and precancer cells[J].Colloid Surface B:Biointerfaces,2016,147:65-72.
[6]葛宇清,程汝滨,陈梦,等.二氢丹参酮抑制人胃癌SGC7901细胞侵袭迁移作用及机制研究[J].中草药,2017,48(15):3138-3144.
[7]王加茹,徐宛婷,刘畅,等.隐丹参酮抗肿瘤药理作用机制研究进展[J].药物评价研究,2018,41(6):1160-1163.
[8]Zhang Y,Zhang Y,Xie Y,et al.Multitargeted inhibition of hepatic fibrosis in chronic iron-overloaded mice by Salvia miltiorrhiza[J].J Ethnopharm,2013,148(2):671-681.
[9]Zhou Z,Wang S,Liu Y,et al.Cryptotanshinone inhibits endothelin-1 expression and stimulates nitric oxide production in human vascular endothelial cells[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-General Subjects,2006,1760(1):1-9.
[10]Geng Z,Huang L,Song M,et al.Cardiovascular effects in vitro of a polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza[J].Carbohydr Polymers,2015,121:241-247.
[11]Cui Z,Liu J,Wei W.The effects of tanshinone IIA on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis in rats via the JAK2/STAT3signaling pathway[J].Biomed Pharm,2016,83:1116-1126.
[12]Xu Z C,Ji A J,Zhang X,et al.Biosynthesis and regulation of active compounds in medicinal model plant Salvia miltiorrhiza[J].Chin Herb Med,2016,8(1):3-11.
[13]赵志刚,郜舒蕊,宋嬿,等.丹参主产区生产技术调查研究[J].中药材,2014,37(3):375-379.
[14]郭宝林,冯毓秀,赵杨景.丹参种质资源研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(7):15-18.
[15]赵魁,郭晓恒,宋杰,等.全国丹参生产现状的调查和分析[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(9):2307-2310.
[16]Xia P,Guo H,Zhao H,et al.Optimal fertilizer application for Panax notoginseng and effect of soil water on root rot disease and saponin contents[J].J Gin Res,2016,40(1):38-46.
[17]王渭玲,梁宗锁,孙群,等.丹参氮、磷肥效效应及最佳施肥模式研究[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(8):1406-1410.
[18]王渭玲,梁宗锁,孙群,等.丹参N、P、K肥效反应模式研究[J].西北农业学报,2002,11(4):59-62.
[19]王渭玲,梁宗锁,孙群,等.不同氮磷施用量对丹参产量及有效成分的影响[J].2005,21(3):218-221.
[20]翟彩霞,温春秀,王凯辉,等.N、P、K肥对丹参根系生长及养分含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(S1):220-223.
[21]夏奉乾,苗艳芳,李俊伟,等.N、P、K肥配施对豫西旱地丹参生产的影响[J].河南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,31(6):70-73.
[22]张锋,韩金龙,倪大鹏,等.钾素对白花丹参和紫花丹参产量、品质及养分吸收的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(3):1050-1055.
[23]夏贵惠,王秋玲,王文全,等.不同浓度氮磷配比对丹参生长和活性成分积累的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(22):4175-4182.
[24]张南平,肖新月,林瑞超.中药材GAP生产技术及管理体系的构想[J].中药研究与信息,2001(2):13-15.
[25]李耿,孟繁蕴,杨洪军,等.UPLC法同时测定丹参中11种成分的含量[J].中国药房,2014,25(19):1766-1768.
[26]Usherwood N R,Segars W I.Nitrogen interactions with phosphorus and potassium for optimum crop yield,nitrogen use effectiveness,and environmental stewardship[J].Sci World J,2001,1(Suppl 2):57-60.
[27]Krouk G,Lacombe B,Bielach A,et al.Nitrate-regulated auxin transport by NRT1.1 defines a mechanism for nutrient sensing in plants[J].Dev Cell,2010,18:927-937.
[28]Sakakibara H,Takei K,Hirose N.Interactions between nitrogen and cytokinin in the regulation of metabolism and development[J].Trends Plant Sci,2006,11:440-448.
[29]Ruffel S,Krouk G,Ristova D,et al.Nitrogen economics of root foraging:Transitive closure of the nitrate-cytokinin relay and distinct systemic signaling for N supply vs.demand[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(45):18524-18529.
[30]Schachtman D P,Reid R J,Ayling S M.Phosphorus uptake by plants:From soil to cell[J].Plant Physiol,1998,116:447-453.
[31]Rhykerd C L,Overdahl C J.Nutrition and Fertilizer Use[M].New York:Agronomy Monograph,1982.
[32]翟彩霞,温春秀,张彦才,等.丹参施肥数学模型研究[J].华北农学报.2009,29(S1):226-230.
[33]韩建萍,梁宗锁,孙群,等.丹参根系氮、磷营养吸收及丹参酮累积规律研究[J].中国中药杂志,2004,29(3):19-23.
[34]王丹,侯俊玲,万春阳,等.中药材施肥研究进展[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):225-228.
[2]Liang W,Chen W,Wu L,et al.Quality evaluation and chemical markers screening of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.(Danshen)based on HPLC fingerprints and HPLC-MSn coupled with chemometrics[J].Molecules,2017,22(3):478-483.
[3]曾慧婷,沙秀秀,宿树兰,等.不同产地丹参茎叶UPLC指纹图谱与化学模式识别研究[J].中草药,2017,48(4):767-772.
[4]Wang Y,Lu H,Liu Y,et al.Cryptotanshinone sensitizes antitumor effect of paclitaxel on tongue squamous cell carcinoma growth by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway[J].Biomed Pharm,2017,95:1388-1396.
[5]Li H,Shi L,Wei J,et al.Cellular uptake and anticancer activity of salvianolic acid B phospholipid complex loaded nanoparticles in head and neck cancer and precancer cells[J].Colloid Surface B:Biointerfaces,2016,147:65-72.
[6]葛宇清,程汝滨,陈梦,等.二氢丹参酮抑制人胃癌SGC7901细胞侵袭迁移作用及机制研究[J].中草药,2017,48(15):3138-3144.
[7]王加茹,徐宛婷,刘畅,等.隐丹参酮抗肿瘤药理作用机制研究进展[J].药物评价研究,2018,41(6):1160-1163.
[8]Zhang Y,Zhang Y,Xie Y,et al.Multitargeted inhibition of hepatic fibrosis in chronic iron-overloaded mice by Salvia miltiorrhiza[J].J Ethnopharm,2013,148(2):671-681.
[9]Zhou Z,Wang S,Liu Y,et al.Cryptotanshinone inhibits endothelin-1 expression and stimulates nitric oxide production in human vascular endothelial cells[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-General Subjects,2006,1760(1):1-9.
[10]Geng Z,Huang L,Song M,et al.Cardiovascular effects in vitro of a polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza[J].Carbohydr Polymers,2015,121:241-247.
[11]Cui Z,Liu J,Wei W.The effects of tanshinone IIA on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis in rats via the JAK2/STAT3signaling pathway[J].Biomed Pharm,2016,83:1116-1126.
[12]Xu Z C,Ji A J,Zhang X,et al.Biosynthesis and regulation of active compounds in medicinal model plant Salvia miltiorrhiza[J].Chin Herb Med,2016,8(1):3-11.
[13]赵志刚,郜舒蕊,宋嬿,等.丹参主产区生产技术调查研究[J].中药材,2014,37(3):375-379.
[14]郭宝林,冯毓秀,赵杨景.丹参种质资源研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(7):15-18.
[15]赵魁,郭晓恒,宋杰,等.全国丹参生产现状的调查和分析[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(9):2307-2310.
[16]Xia P,Guo H,Zhao H,et al.Optimal fertilizer application for Panax notoginseng and effect of soil water on root rot disease and saponin contents[J].J Gin Res,2016,40(1):38-46.
[17]王渭玲,梁宗锁,孙群,等.丹参氮、磷肥效效应及最佳施肥模式研究[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(8):1406-1410.
[18]王渭玲,梁宗锁,孙群,等.丹参N、P、K肥效反应模式研究[J].西北农业学报,2002,11(4):59-62.
[19]王渭玲,梁宗锁,孙群,等.不同氮磷施用量对丹参产量及有效成分的影响[J].2005,21(3):218-221.
[20]翟彩霞,温春秀,王凯辉,等.N、P、K肥对丹参根系生长及养分含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(S1):220-223.
[21]夏奉乾,苗艳芳,李俊伟,等.N、P、K肥配施对豫西旱地丹参生产的影响[J].河南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,31(6):70-73.
[22]张锋,韩金龙,倪大鹏,等.钾素对白花丹参和紫花丹参产量、品质及养分吸收的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(3):1050-1055.
[23]夏贵惠,王秋玲,王文全,等.不同浓度氮磷配比对丹参生长和活性成分积累的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(22):4175-4182.
[24]张南平,肖新月,林瑞超.中药材GAP生产技术及管理体系的构想[J].中药研究与信息,2001(2):13-15.
[25]李耿,孟繁蕴,杨洪军,等.UPLC法同时测定丹参中11种成分的含量[J].中国药房,2014,25(19):1766-1768.
[26]Usherwood N R,Segars W I.Nitrogen interactions with phosphorus and potassium for optimum crop yield,nitrogen use effectiveness,and environmental stewardship[J].Sci World J,2001,1(Suppl 2):57-60.
[27]Krouk G,Lacombe B,Bielach A,et al.Nitrate-regulated auxin transport by NRT1.1 defines a mechanism for nutrient sensing in plants[J].Dev Cell,2010,18:927-937.
[28]Sakakibara H,Takei K,Hirose N.Interactions between nitrogen and cytokinin in the regulation of metabolism and development[J].Trends Plant Sci,2006,11:440-448.
[29]Ruffel S,Krouk G,Ristova D,et al.Nitrogen economics of root foraging:Transitive closure of the nitrate-cytokinin relay and distinct systemic signaling for N supply vs.demand[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(45):18524-18529.
[30]Schachtman D P,Reid R J,Ayling S M.Phosphorus uptake by plants:From soil to cell[J].Plant Physiol,1998,116:447-453.
[31]Rhykerd C L,Overdahl C J.Nutrition and Fertilizer Use[M].New York:Agronomy Monograph,1982.
[32]翟彩霞,温春秀,张彦才,等.丹参施肥数学模型研究[J].华北农学报.2009,29(S1):226-230.
[33]韩建萍,梁宗锁,孙群,等.丹参根系氮、磷营养吸收及丹参酮累积规律研究[J].中国中药杂志,2004,29(3):19-23.
[34]王丹,侯俊玲,万春阳,等.中药材施肥研究进展[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):225-228.