AC-14大抓力锚在无黏性土中的拖锚运动研究
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摘要
AC-14型大抓力锚在大型船只上使用广泛。设计了能进行水下测量的拖锚模型试验装置,制作了AC-14模型锚,通过对AC-14锚在干砂与水下饱和砂土中的拖锚试验,完整揭示了该锚在整个拖锚过程中的姿态调整、运动轨迹发展和锚抓力变化等,在干砂中得到的最终稳定时的锚抓力与前人研究较为接近,但在饱和砂土中虽然与干砂中的水平倾角一致,但啮土深度要大于饱和砂,而锚抓力系数则小于在干砂中的锚抓力系数。另外,还在不同粒径的碎石进行了拖锚试验,试验表明较大粒径的碎石层对拖锚姿态的影响更大,锚在其中达到稳定状态时的埋深更浅。
The AC-14 anchor is widely used in large vessels. A model test device for measuring the underwater dragging anchor is designed, and the model anchor of AC-14 is manufactured. The model tests on pulling AC-14 anchor in both dry and saturated sands are operated. The kinematic behavior, the trajectory and the holding capacity of AC-14 anchor model during the dragging process are revealed, and the maximum holding power obtained in this test is closed to that of the previous studies.But in saturated sand, although it is consistent with the horizontal inclination of dry sand, the soil depth is greater than that of saturated sand, and the anchor holding force coefficient is less than that of dry sand. In addition, some dragging anchor tests are carried out on the gravel with different particle sizes, and the tests show that the gravel layer with larger particle size has a greater influence on anchor hauling posture, correspondingly, the anchor is buried shallower and holds the larger horizontal inclination angle of anchor fluke when it reaches a stable state.
The AC-14 anchor is widely used in large vessels. A model test device for measuring the underwater dragging anchor is designed, and the model anchor of AC-14 is manufactured. The model tests on pulling AC-14 anchor in both dry and saturated sands are operated. The kinematic behavior, the trajectory and the holding capacity of AC-14 anchor model during the dragging process are revealed, and the maximum holding power obtained in this test is closed to that of the previous studies.But in saturated sand, although it is consistent with the horizontal inclination of dry sand, the soil depth is greater than that of saturated sand, and the anchor holding force coefficient is less than that of dry sand. In addition, some dragging anchor tests are carried out on the gravel with different particle sizes, and the tests show that the gravel layer with larger particle size has a greater influence on anchor hauling posture, correspondingly, the anchor is buried shallower and holds the larger horizontal inclination angle of anchor fluke when it reaches a stable state.
引文
[1]刘志东,王红宇,王大任,等.AC-14大抓力锚研制及标准介绍[J].船舶标准化与质量,2004(2):31-34.(LIUZhi-dong,WANG Hong-yu,WANG Da-ren,et al.Development and standard introduction of AC-14 large grasping anchor[J].Shipbuilding Standardization&Quality,2004(2):31-34.(in Chinese))
[2]蒋治强,于洋.近代船用锚发展历史与现状[J].中国水运,2013,13(2):120-121,123.(JIANG Zhi-qiang,YU Yang.Development history and present situation of modern marine anchor[J].China Water Transport,2013,13(2):120-121,123.(in Chinese))
[3]NEUBECKER S R,RANDOLPH M F.The kinematic behaviour of drag anchors in sand[J].Can Geotech J,1996,33:584-594.
[4]SHIN H K,SEO B C,LEE J H.Experimental study of embedding motion and holding power of drag embedment type anchor on hard and soft seafloor[J].Inter J Nav Archit Oc Engng,2011,3:193-200.
[5]闫澍旺,任宇晓,孙立强,等.砂土中的拖锚模型试验及锚抓力计算方法研究[J].中国造船,2016,57(1):103-115.(YAN Shu-wang,REN Yu-xiao,SUN Li-qiang,et al.Model test and study of calculation method of holding capacity on hall anchor in sand in the dragging process[J].Shipbuilding of China,2016,57(1):103-115.(in Chinese))
[6]LIU Hai-xiao,LIU Cheng-lin,YANG Han-ting,et al.A novel kinematic model for drag anchors in seabed soils[J].Ocean Engineering,2012,49:33-42.
[7]任宇晓,闫澍旺,闫玥,等.基于CEL方法对拖锚过程的数值分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(6):1573-1578.(REN Yu-xiao,YAN Shu-wang,YAN Yue,et al.Numerical analysis on dragging anchors in soil based on CEL[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(6):1573-1578.(in Chinese))
[8]SATO H.A study on the holding capacity of anchors[J].Journal of School of Marine Science and Technology,2005,3(3):31-39.
[9]SHOJI K,MINAMI K,MITA S,et al.Holding performance of a new type anchor[C]//Asia Navigation Conference 2008.Shanghai,2008.
[10]S0300-A8-HBK-010 APPENDIX G:Anchoring system[S].2000.
[11]CB T 3972-2005-AC-14大抓力锚[S].2005.(CB T 3972-2005-AC-14 High holding power anchor[S].2005.(in Chinese))
[2]蒋治强,于洋.近代船用锚发展历史与现状[J].中国水运,2013,13(2):120-121,123.(JIANG Zhi-qiang,YU Yang.Development history and present situation of modern marine anchor[J].China Water Transport,2013,13(2):120-121,123.(in Chinese))
[3]NEUBECKER S R,RANDOLPH M F.The kinematic behaviour of drag anchors in sand[J].Can Geotech J,1996,33:584-594.
[4]SHIN H K,SEO B C,LEE J H.Experimental study of embedding motion and holding power of drag embedment type anchor on hard and soft seafloor[J].Inter J Nav Archit Oc Engng,2011,3:193-200.
[5]闫澍旺,任宇晓,孙立强,等.砂土中的拖锚模型试验及锚抓力计算方法研究[J].中国造船,2016,57(1):103-115.(YAN Shu-wang,REN Yu-xiao,SUN Li-qiang,et al.Model test and study of calculation method of holding capacity on hall anchor in sand in the dragging process[J].Shipbuilding of China,2016,57(1):103-115.(in Chinese))
[6]LIU Hai-xiao,LIU Cheng-lin,YANG Han-ting,et al.A novel kinematic model for drag anchors in seabed soils[J].Ocean Engineering,2012,49:33-42.
[7]任宇晓,闫澍旺,闫玥,等.基于CEL方法对拖锚过程的数值分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(6):1573-1578.(REN Yu-xiao,YAN Shu-wang,YAN Yue,et al.Numerical analysis on dragging anchors in soil based on CEL[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(6):1573-1578.(in Chinese))
[8]SATO H.A study on the holding capacity of anchors[J].Journal of School of Marine Science and Technology,2005,3(3):31-39.
[9]SHOJI K,MINAMI K,MITA S,et al.Holding performance of a new type anchor[C]//Asia Navigation Conference 2008.Shanghai,2008.
[10]S0300-A8-HBK-010 APPENDIX G:Anchoring system[S].2000.
[11]CB T 3972-2005-AC-14大抓力锚[S].2005.(CB T 3972-2005-AC-14 High holding power anchor[S].2005.(in Chinese))