膜间喷施芽前除草剂对谷子安全性及对杂草防效的影响
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摘要
筛选对谷子安全且杀草效果较好的谷田芽前除草剂品种及施用剂量。以张杂谷10号为材料,针对覆膜穴播谷子膜间杂草危害问题,在前期试验的基础上选择乙草胺和异丙甲草胺两种芽前除草剂,设置不同剂量(乙草胺:2.25、4.50、6.75、9.00L/hm~2;异丙甲草胺:3.00、6.00、9.00、12.00L/hm~2),于谷子播后苗前进行土壤处理,从出苗率、形态指标、产量考察除草剂对谷子的安全性,从杂草株数、鲜重考察除草剂的防效。结果表明:2.25L/hm~2剂量的乙草胺和3.00、6.00L/hm~2剂量的异丙甲草胺处理对谷子较安全,出苗率、株高、叶面积等形态指标与对照均无显著差异,可使谷子不同程度地增产;4.50～9.00L/hm~2剂量的乙草胺和9.00～12.00L/hm~2剂量的异丙甲草胺对禾本科杂草防效较好,最高可达99%以上,对阔叶杂草防效最高可达90%以上,但显著抑制谷子出苗、株高和叶面积,对产量也有一定影响。因此,覆膜穴播谷田应用乙草胺推荐2.25L/hm~2,异丙甲草胺推荐6.00L/hm~2,对谷子安全且能有效控制谷田杂草。
The objective of this study was to identify the selection of herbicides and dosage which was safe to millet growth and gain a better weed control. Zhangzagu 10 was selected as the test material, aiming at weed damage between travelling in the millet fields by plastic mulching and hole seeding. Based on the results of previous experiments,acetochlor and metolachlor had been selected. 4 doses such as 2.25, 4.50, 6.75, 9.00 liter per hm~2 for acetochlor and3.00, 6.00, 9.00, 12.00 liter per hm~2 for metolachlor were used before seedling. The safety of millet in emergence rate,morphological index and yield, the control effects of herbicides in plant number and fresh weight were compared.Results showed that the treatment of 2.25 L/hm~2 of acetochlor and 3.00 L/hm~2, 6.00 L/hm~2 of metolachlor were safe to the millet under which the emergence rate, plant height, and leaf area had no significant difference from control, but had significant effect on yield of millet. The treatment of 4.50-9.00 L/hm~2 of acetochlor and 9.00-12.00 L/hm~2 of metolachlor had a great effect on grass weeds and broadleaf weeds, the highest being above 99% and 90%, respectively. However,under the higher dose the treatment significantly inhibited the emergence rate, plant height, leaf areas and the yield of millet. The recommended dose of acetochlor and metolachlor were 2.25 L/hm~2 and 6.00 L/hm~2, respectively in millet fields with plastic mulch and hole seeding which could effectively control weeds but safety for millet.
The objective of this study was to identify the selection of herbicides and dosage which was safe to millet growth and gain a better weed control. Zhangzagu 10 was selected as the test material, aiming at weed damage between travelling in the millet fields by plastic mulching and hole seeding. Based on the results of previous experiments,acetochlor and metolachlor had been selected. 4 doses such as 2.25, 4.50, 6.75, 9.00 liter per hm~2 for acetochlor and3.00, 6.00, 9.00, 12.00 liter per hm~2 for metolachlor were used before seedling. The safety of millet in emergence rate,morphological index and yield, the control effects of herbicides in plant number and fresh weight were compared.Results showed that the treatment of 2.25 L/hm~2 of acetochlor and 3.00 L/hm~2, 6.00 L/hm~2 of metolachlor were safe to the millet under which the emergence rate, plant height, and leaf area had no significant difference from control, but had significant effect on yield of millet. The treatment of 4.50-9.00 L/hm~2 of acetochlor and 9.00-12.00 L/hm~2 of metolachlor had a great effect on grass weeds and broadleaf weeds, the highest being above 99% and 90%, respectively. However,under the higher dose the treatment significantly inhibited the emergence rate, plant height, leaf areas and the yield of millet. The recommended dose of acetochlor and metolachlor were 2.25 L/hm~2 and 6.00 L/hm~2, respectively in millet fields with plastic mulch and hole seeding which could effectively control weeds but safety for millet.
引文
[1]李燕敏,祁显涛,刘昌林,等.除草剂抗性农作物育种研究进展.作物杂志,2017(2):1-6.
[2]张朝贤,倪汉文,魏守辉,等.杂草抗药性研究进展.中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1274-1289.
[3]叶萱.除草剂抗性现状.世界农药,2017,39(3):1-6.
[4]李志华,景小兰,李会霞,等.谷子苗期除草剂的安全性及杂草防效研究.作物杂志,2017(1):150-154.
[5]赵治海,朱学海,王天宇,等.谷子抗除草剂杂交种“张杂谷3号”的选育与应用.首届全国谷子产业大会文集,2009.
[6]高爱保,郭平毅.除草剂稀禾啶对不同品种谷子的毒害.杂草学报,2017,35(1):57-61.
[7]王正贵,于倩倩,周立云,等.几种除草剂对小麦籽粒产量及生理特性的影响.核农学报,2011,25(4):791-795.
[8]Breaux E J. Identification of the initial metabolites of acetochlor in corn and soybean seedlings. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1986,34(5):884-888.
[9]Capel P D,Ma L,Schroyer B R,et al. Analysis and detection of the new corn herbicide acetochlor in river water and rain. Environmental Science&Technology,1995,29(6):1702-1705.
[10]朱诗禹,崔娟,徐伟,等.精异丙甲草胺苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响.植物保护学报,2016,43(4):677-682.
[11]王艳秋,张飞,邹剑秋,等.不同除草剂处理下高粱出苗及光合物质生产.西北农业学报,2013,22(10):108-115.
[12]张晓芳,任学祥,刘君良,等. 96%异丙甲草胺乳油防治棉田杂草田间药效试验评价.农药研究与应用,2010(1):28-30.
[13]高越,张润祥,王振,等.异丙甲草胺乳油对花生田杂草的防除效果.山西农业科学,2011,39(7):712-714.
[14]吾尔古丽·艾麦提,艾米拉古丽·艾麦提.乙草胺对小麦出苗及幼苗生长的安全性评价.新疆农业科技,2009(5):59.
[15]郑和辉,叶常明.乙草胺和丁草胺在土壤中的移动性.环境科学,2001(5):117-121.
[16]常玉君,曾宪波.紫花苜蓿对氟乐灵除草剂的抗性试验.草业科学,1998(3):37-38.
[17]钟妍婷,原向阳,刘哲,等.油菜素内酯处理对谷子农艺性状和生理特性的影响.作物杂志,2015(2):124-128.
[18]丁超,张建华,白文斌,等.高粱田常用除草剂对高粱生理生化及产量品质的影响.作物杂志,2017(5):149-155.
[19]杜小娟,梁婷婷,慕小倩. 8种常用除草剂对黄芩种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.西北农业学报,2012,21(4):202-206.
[20]范润珍,钱传范,卢向阳.莠去津对水稻的药害及NA解毒技术研究.中国农业大学学报,1998(S4):111-115.
[21]JoséF C B,Basch G,de Carvalho M. Effect of reduced doses of a post-emergence graminicide mixture to control Lolium rigidum G.in winter wheat under direct drilling in Mediterranean environment.Crop Protection,2005,24(10):880-887.
[22]Zhang J,Weaver S E,Hamill A S. Risks and reliability of using herbicides at below-labeled rates. Weed Technology,2000,14(1):106-115.
[23]胡建刚,Chen Y P,叶惠光.乙草胺防除花生田杂草的药效.河北农业科学,2008,12(9):45-46.
[24]何永福,陆得清,叶照春,等. 50%乙草胺对旱地杂草辣子草防除效果研究.植物保护,2007,33(4):132-134.
[25]赵怀斌,赵长山,郁延坤.不同除草剂施用量和施用时间对水稻产量及株高的影响.作物杂志,2017(2):163-167.
[2]张朝贤,倪汉文,魏守辉,等.杂草抗药性研究进展.中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1274-1289.
[3]叶萱.除草剂抗性现状.世界农药,2017,39(3):1-6.
[4]李志华,景小兰,李会霞,等.谷子苗期除草剂的安全性及杂草防效研究.作物杂志,2017(1):150-154.
[5]赵治海,朱学海,王天宇,等.谷子抗除草剂杂交种“张杂谷3号”的选育与应用.首届全国谷子产业大会文集,2009.
[6]高爱保,郭平毅.除草剂稀禾啶对不同品种谷子的毒害.杂草学报,2017,35(1):57-61.
[7]王正贵,于倩倩,周立云,等.几种除草剂对小麦籽粒产量及生理特性的影响.核农学报,2011,25(4):791-795.
[8]Breaux E J. Identification of the initial metabolites of acetochlor in corn and soybean seedlings. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1986,34(5):884-888.
[9]Capel P D,Ma L,Schroyer B R,et al. Analysis and detection of the new corn herbicide acetochlor in river water and rain. Environmental Science&Technology,1995,29(6):1702-1705.
[10]朱诗禹,崔娟,徐伟,等.精异丙甲草胺苗前封闭处理对大豆苗期生长及其生理生化指标的影响.植物保护学报,2016,43(4):677-682.
[11]王艳秋,张飞,邹剑秋,等.不同除草剂处理下高粱出苗及光合物质生产.西北农业学报,2013,22(10):108-115.
[12]张晓芳,任学祥,刘君良,等. 96%异丙甲草胺乳油防治棉田杂草田间药效试验评价.农药研究与应用,2010(1):28-30.
[13]高越,张润祥,王振,等.异丙甲草胺乳油对花生田杂草的防除效果.山西农业科学,2011,39(7):712-714.
[14]吾尔古丽·艾麦提,艾米拉古丽·艾麦提.乙草胺对小麦出苗及幼苗生长的安全性评价.新疆农业科技,2009(5):59.
[15]郑和辉,叶常明.乙草胺和丁草胺在土壤中的移动性.环境科学,2001(5):117-121.
[16]常玉君,曾宪波.紫花苜蓿对氟乐灵除草剂的抗性试验.草业科学,1998(3):37-38.
[17]钟妍婷,原向阳,刘哲,等.油菜素内酯处理对谷子农艺性状和生理特性的影响.作物杂志,2015(2):124-128.
[18]丁超,张建华,白文斌,等.高粱田常用除草剂对高粱生理生化及产量品质的影响.作物杂志,2017(5):149-155.
[19]杜小娟,梁婷婷,慕小倩. 8种常用除草剂对黄芩种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.西北农业学报,2012,21(4):202-206.
[20]范润珍,钱传范,卢向阳.莠去津对水稻的药害及NA解毒技术研究.中国农业大学学报,1998(S4):111-115.
[21]JoséF C B,Basch G,de Carvalho M. Effect of reduced doses of a post-emergence graminicide mixture to control Lolium rigidum G.in winter wheat under direct drilling in Mediterranean environment.Crop Protection,2005,24(10):880-887.
[22]Zhang J,Weaver S E,Hamill A S. Risks and reliability of using herbicides at below-labeled rates. Weed Technology,2000,14(1):106-115.
[23]胡建刚,Chen Y P,叶惠光.乙草胺防除花生田杂草的药效.河北农业科学,2008,12(9):45-46.
[24]何永福,陆得清,叶照春,等. 50%乙草胺对旱地杂草辣子草防除效果研究.植物保护,2007,33(4):132-134.
[25]赵怀斌,赵长山,郁延坤.不同除草剂施用量和施用时间对水稻产量及株高的影响.作物杂志,2017(2):163-167.