养老机构护理员预防压力性损伤的知识、行为现状及其影响因素
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摘要
目的探讨养老机构护理员预防压力性损伤的相关知识、照护行为及其影响因素。方法 2017年4-10月,方便抽样法选取上海市7所养老机构的155名养老护理员为研究对象。采用一般情况调查表、压力性损伤相关知识问卷及照护行为问卷对其进行调查,分析养老护理员压力性损伤相关知识、行为现状及其影响因素。结果养老护理员压力性损伤知识、照护行为问卷得分分别为(12.06±2.04)、(58.10±5.27)分,得分指数分别为70.94%和80.69%,得分指数最低的维度为"压力性损伤基本概念的界定"及"减压装置的应用"。不同执业证书等级、养老机构工作年限、是否担任管理者或护理组组长及接受培训频率不同的养老护理员,其压力性损伤知识问卷得分的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同养老机构工作年限,有无照护压力性损伤患者经验的养老护理员的照护行为得分的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。养老护理员对压力性损伤风险的认知存在缺漏;对于高危人群的预防措施也存在一定误区。结论养老机构护理员的压力性损伤相关照护知识水平较低、相关照护行为存在诸多误区,相关部门应加强培训。
Objective To investigate the current status of the knowledge about the pressure injury and caring behaviors among nursing assistants of the bedridden elderly in long-term care(LTC) facilities and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods From April to October 2017,155 nursing assistants in seven LTC facilities in Shanghai were recruited by convenience sampling method and investigated with general information questionnaire,the Caregivers' Knowledge Questionnaire(CKQ) and the Caring Behaviors Questionnaire(CBQ).The knowledge, behavior status and influencing factors of stress injury among nursing assistents were analyzed. Results The scores of CKQ and CBQ questionnaires were 12.06±2.04 and 58.10±5.27,respectively;and the score indices were 70.94% and 80.69%,respectively.The lowest dimensions of the score indices were "the definition of the basic concept of stress injury" and "the application of decompression devices".There were significant differences in the scores of stress injury CKQ questionnaires among caregivers with different levels of license certification,the years of working experience, the rule of being manager or nursing leader and the frequency of training(all P<0.05). The differences in the scores of behavior of caregivers with or without experience of caring for stress ulcer patients in different pension institutions were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There were some deficiencies in the knowledge of stress injury risk among caregivers for the elderly patients; and there were some misunderstandings in the preventive measures for high-risk groups.Conclusions Nursing assistents in LTC facilities have a low level of knowledge about stress injury-related care and many misunderstandings about care behavior.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the training.
Objective To investigate the current status of the knowledge about the pressure injury and caring behaviors among nursing assistants of the bedridden elderly in long-term care(LTC) facilities and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods From April to October 2017,155 nursing assistants in seven LTC facilities in Shanghai were recruited by convenience sampling method and investigated with general information questionnaire,the Caregivers' Knowledge Questionnaire(CKQ) and the Caring Behaviors Questionnaire(CBQ).The knowledge, behavior status and influencing factors of stress injury among nursing assistents were analyzed. Results The scores of CKQ and CBQ questionnaires were 12.06±2.04 and 58.10±5.27,respectively;and the score indices were 70.94% and 80.69%,respectively.The lowest dimensions of the score indices were "the definition of the basic concept of stress injury" and "the application of decompression devices".There were significant differences in the scores of stress injury CKQ questionnaires among caregivers with different levels of license certification,the years of working experience, the rule of being manager or nursing leader and the frequency of training(all P<0.05). The differences in the scores of behavior of caregivers with or without experience of caring for stress ulcer patients in different pension institutions were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There were some deficiencies in the knowledge of stress injury risk among caregivers for the elderly patients; and there were some misunderstandings in the preventive measures for high-risk groups.Conclusions Nursing assistents in LTC facilities have a low level of knowledge about stress injury-related care and many misunderstandings about care behavior.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the training.
引文
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[11]李桂红,唐娟.不同翻身间隔时间对ICU难免压疮发生率的影响[J].护理研究:中旬版,2017,31(11):4141-4143.
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[2] BERGQUIST S.Subscales,subscores,or summative score:evaluating the contribution of Braden scale items for predicting pressure ulcer risk in older adults receiving home health care[J].J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs,2001,28(6):279-289.
[3] CASTLE N G.Nurse aides’ ratings of the resident safety culture in nursing homes[J].Int J Qual Health Care,2006,18(5):370-376.
[4] BANGOVA A.Prevention of pressure ulcers in nursing home residents[J].Nurs Stand,2013,27(24):54,56,58-61.
[5] 贾静,仇晓溪.养老机构护理人员压疮预防知识的现状调查[J].护理研究:下旬版,2012,26(4):1083-1085.
[6] 中华人民共和国民政部.关于《养老机构预防褥疮服务技术规范》(征求意见稿)和《养老机构康复服务规范》(征求意见稿)广泛征求意见的通知[EB/OL].(2016-11-11).[2016-11-29].http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/mxht/zqyj/201611/20161100002400.shtml.
[7] 孙欣悦,吴金球,陈沪蓉,等.养老院护士压力性损伤评估影响因素的质性研究[J].护理学杂志,2018,33(3):102-105.
[8] 郭艳,吴金球.老年压力性损伤患者居家主要照顾者照顾行为现状及影响因素分析[J].中国实用护理杂志, 2017,33(28):2192-2198.
[9] 黄敬亨.健康教育学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003:36-37.
[10]中华护理学会造口、伤口、失禁护理专业委员会.中国压疮护理指导意见[M].北京:中华护理学会,2013:28-36.
[11]李桂红,唐娟.不同翻身间隔时间对ICU难免压疮发生率的影响[J].护理研究:中旬版,2017,31(11):4141-4143.
[12]常淑文,乔炎,束余声.早期压疮的诊断和治疗新进展[J].护理研究:下旬版,2017,31(8):2963-2966.